Okuqukethwe
Ihlobo yisikhathi lapho omiyane bematasa kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, baqala ukwanda futhi balume abantu, okubangela ukulunywa nokuvuvukala. Sivame ukunaka lezi zimpawu ezingajabulisi kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuklabalasa kwazo okucasulayo, kanye nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi zidlulisele izifo, njengoba singazi izindawo zabo eziqondile. Nokho, omiyane nabo banendima ebalulekile endalweni. Ngokwesibonelo, izibungu zazo zisiza ekuhlanzeni amanzi ahlanzekile, futhi abantu abadala bayingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokuthutha impova yezitshalo nochungechunge lokudla kwezinye izinto eziphilayo. Omiyane banesimiso sabo sokuphefumula esiyingqayizivele, umjikelezo wokugaya ukudla, kanye nokuziphatha okukhethekile okubenza babe izifundo ezithakazelisayo zokufunda. Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungani omiyane bephuza igazi nokuthi kungani abanye abantu belunywa kakhulu kunabanye.
Kungani omiyane bephuza igazi?
Omiyane baphuza igazi ngokuyinhloko ukuze bazalane. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokukhwelana, abesifazane bafuna umthombo wezakhi, ngoba igazi liqukethe amaprotheni ahlanzekile adingekayo ekuthuthukiseni isizukulwane esisha. Uma insikazi ingathola ukudla okwanele, isizukulwane esilandelayo somiyane sizoba sikhulu futhi siphile. Igazi eligaywe linothile ngama-amino acid, okuwukudla okubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amaqanda.
Ngemva kokukhwelana, eyensikazi ngokuvamile iba nesidoda esiphuma komiyane besilisa. Ukuze aphinde azale, kudingeka agcwalise amaprotheni akhe agciniwe, awagaye bese azalela amaqanda. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezakhi, owesifazane angase afe ngemva kokubekela amaqanda, kodwa labo bantu abakwazile ukuthola ukudla okwanele bangakwazi ukwenza imijikelezo eminingana yokubeka amaqanda.
Ngakho-ke, umjikelezo wokuzalanisa omiyane ungamelwa njengokulandelana “ukucinga ukudla - ukugaya - ukubeka amaqanda” (noma ngokwesayensi “i-gonotrophic harmony”). Lesi simiso siba yisisekelo sokuba khona kwazo kanye nokuzalana kwendalo.
Hlobo luni lwegazi elifanela omiyane?
Manje ake sikhulume ngokuthi omiyane bakhetha kanjani umthombo wabo wegazi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi igazi lesilwane linamaprotheni amaningi kunegazi lomuntu. Yingakho omiyane abaningi abakhulu behlala emvelweni nasezindaweni zokulima, njengoba bethanda ukudla ngegazi lezilwane. Ngisho noma insikazi yayinenduku eyodwa kuphela, cishe yonke inzalo yayo iyasinda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kwemfuyo, ezinye izinhlobo zomiyane zikhetha ukudla igazi lamaxoxo, izinhlanzi noma izibungu.
Izihloko eziningi zesayensi nezincwadi ezishicilelwe emaphephandabeni zigxile embuzweni wokukhetha omiyane mayelana nezinhlobo zegazi labantu. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi omiyane besifazane bayakwazi ukuzwa uhlobo lwegazi olufanele ukusuka kumamitha angama-30. Leli qiniso lihlotshaniswa nokuzwela kwabo kumakhemikhali akhiqizwe umzimba womuntu nezilwane, okubasiza ukuba bathole “abanikelayo” babo ukuze bathole ukudla.
Ososayensi abaningi bathi omiyane bakhetha ukuluma abantu abanezici ezithile:
- Abantu abaneqembu lokuqala legazi;
- Abantu abaneqembu lesibili legazi (nakuba bengakhangi kangako);
- Omiyane nabo bakhangwa i-lactic acid etholakala esikhumbeni somuntu. Uma udla imikhiqizo yobisi, ukudla okufakwe emanzini anosawoti noma imikhiqizo ye-soy, izinambuzane zizodla ngenjabulo egazini lakho.
- Ubuhlalu bomjuluko obuvela ngemva kokuzivivinya umzimba bubuye buhehe omiyane. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukugwema izinambuzane ezicasulayo, naka uhlobo lwakho lwegazi nokudla.
Ingabe bonke omiyane bayaliphuza igazi?
Okokuqala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi omiyane besilisa abadli igazi. Imvelo ayizange inikeze ithuba elinjalo, ngoba i-proboscis yesilisa ayikwazi ukungena esikhumbeni. Abesilisa badla kuphela amajusi ezitshalo noma impova. Ngakho, abesifazane kuphela bayaluma. Ngaphezu kokudinga umsoco wamaqanda abo, omiyane besifazane nabo bafuna amaprotheni abawadingayo ngaphambi kokuzalela amaqanda. Ziluma kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala; isikhathi esisele azidingi igazi eliningi.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomiyane abangazitholi izinto ezidingekayo egazini:
- Kwamanye abesifazane, umpe wanele, njengoba izibungu zazo zidla izibungu zezinye izinhlobo zomiyane. Ngisho nasesiteji sezibungu, zigcina inani elanele lamaprotheni ukuze zibeke amaqanda.
- Abanye omiyane basemadolobheni (abamele uhlobo lwe-Culex Pipiens) abaliphuzi igazi. Bangakwazi ukubeka amaqanda ngaphandle kwamaprotheni, njengoba bahlala ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwezikhukhula lapho amanzi equkethe izinto eziphilayo ezondla izibungu. Naphezu kwalokhu, basadinga igazi ukuze bazalane, kodwa bangazala ngokushesha ngaphandle kwalo. Omiyane balolu hlobo, umuzwa wemvelo wokumunca igazi usucishe washabalala, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi usakwazi ukuluma abantu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukulunywa umiyane wesifazane kungaba yingozi njengoba umuntu engase angenwe isifo esithile.
Indlela yokumuncwa igazi
Omiyane besifazane bakhetha igazi elifanelekayo besebenzisa izindlela eziningana. Ziyakwazi ukuzwa iphunga lomjuluko esikhumbeni, isikhutha esikhishwa izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele, nokushisa komzimba.
Inqubo yokondla umiyane wesifazane imi kanje: ngemva kokuthola isisulu, isinambuzane sibheka indawo eshayayo emzimbeni lapho igazi litholakala kalula khona. Khona-ke umiyane uluma indawo futhi ujove amathe emithanjeni ezungezile, ukuvimbela igazi ukuba lihlule. Lawa mathe adala ukulunywa nokuvuvukala kwesikhumba kubantu. Inani legazi elidakiwe lincike ekusutheni kowesifazane: lapho elambile kakhulu, ephuza kakhulu. Omiyane bangadla cishe imizuzu emithathu, ngemva kwalokho bandize bayozalela amaqanda. Kubalulekile ukuthi abesifazane bathole igazi eliningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze babeke amaqanda amaningi futhi banikeze inzalo yonke imisoco edingekayo.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Omiyane bakhetha liphi igazi?
Ucwaningo oluningi lubonisa ukuthi omiyane bavame ukutholakala eduze kwabantu abaneqembu lokuqala legazi. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokwakheka kwalolu hlobo, oluheha izinambuzane. Nokho, omiyane bavame ukuluma abantu bazo zonke izinhlobo zegazi, njengoba lokhu kudingekile ukuze kuqhutshekwe nezinhlobo zabo.
Kungani omiyane bedinga igazi?
Omiyane besifazane badla igazi ukuze bazale inzalo enkulu, enempilo. Ziluma abantu ukuze zithole imisoco ebalulekile. Lezi zinto azisizi nje ukwandisa inani lamaqanda, kodwa futhi zandisa amathuba okusinda kwabesifazane. Ngemva kokufeza umsebenzi wayo ekukhiqizeni, insikazi ingase ife, idlulisele zonke izakhi eziwusizo enzalweni ukuze ikhule esikhathini esizayo.
Ingabe omiyane bangaphila ngaphandle kwamaprotheni?
Cha, ngoba omiyane igazi liwumthombo wamandla namandla. Ngisho noma izici zohlobo oluthile zingabandakanyi ukumunca igazi, omiyane bathola ezinye izindlela zokuthola amaprotheni. Ngokwesibonelo, zingase zidle izibungu zabanye omiyane noma zikhiphe izinto eziphilayo kweminye imithombo.
Ingabe omiyane banenzuzo?
Yebo, omiyane bahlanganyela ngenkuthalo emvuzweni wezitshalo nezimbali, futhi basize ukuhlanza imizimba yamanzi ahlanzekile amagciwane e-pathogenic kanye nezinto eziphilayo, kuyilapho kugcinwa ibhalansi ye-ecosystem.
Ngaphambilini