Yini umnyovu obomvu? Futhi kanjani ukuqeda ngokuphumelelayo?

Lapho ngikhulela empumalanga ye-United States, ngangivame ukuhlangana neminyovu ebomvu, enye yezinhlobo ezimbili ezitholakala kule ndawo. Enye i-Polistes rubiginosus, kodwa i-Polistes carolina ijwayeleke kakhulu kimi.

Lezi zinambuzane zomphakathi zingezomndeni we-Vespidae futhi zibonakala ngamagquma azacile ku-propodeum. Iminyovu ebomvu ingamalungu omndeni womnyovu wephepha i-Polistinae futhi baziwa ngezidleke zabo ezihlukile.

Imizimba yazo emide, ebomvu ukuya kobomvu ngokubomvu ehlanganiswe namaphiko amnyama yenza iminyovu ebomvu ibonakale kalula. Ngibone izidleke zabo ikakhulukazi eningizimu ye-US, okuhlanganisa nezindawo ezifana ne-Texas, Florida kanye nasenyakatho ekude njenge-Kansas ne-Illinois. Iminyovu ebomvu inezinye izidleke ezinkulu phakathi kweminyovu yamaphepha, evame ukukhula ilingane namapuleti esidlo sakusihlwa.

Ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwami, lezi zinyovu zivame ukwakha izidleke zazo eduze nezakhiwo ezenziwe umuntu, ngakho-ke kufanele kuqashelwe lapho uzisingatha. Iminyovu yesifazane ebomvu iyaluma lapho icasukile noma lapho ivikela izidleke zayo, okungaholela ekwameni kwabanye abantu. Ngakho-ke uma ubona esinye sezidleke zabo ezihlaba umxhwele eduze, kungcono ukuthi ungasondeli kuso.

Uma ungumnikazi wendlu, akukho ukuphika ukuthi izinambuzane ezifana neminyovu ebomvu zingabangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu. Abagcini nje ngokubukeka besabeka, kodwa futhi bahlaba kabuhlungu. Ngakho-ke, kungokwemvelo ukufuna ukuwaqeda ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa ngaphambi kokwenza lokho, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini obhekene nayo.

Kulesi sihloko, ngizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana neminyovu ebomvu, kuhlanganise nendlela yokuwabona, ukuwavimbela, nokulawula ngempumelelo.

Yini umnyovu obomvu?

Iminyovu ebomvu iyizinambuzane ezihlabayo ezidabuka eNyakatho Melika. Ziwuhlobo lomnyovu wephepha, okusho ukuthi zakha izidleke zazo ngemicu yokhuni namathe, okwenza izidleke zazo zibukeke njengephepha.

Ngokuvamile zibomvu ngokunsundu ngombala ezinemigqa ephuzi esiswini futhi zingakhula zibe amayintshi angu-1.5 ubude. Njengeminye iminyovu, inokhalo oluncane, amapheya amabili amaphiko kanye nodosi.

Iminyovu ebomvu izinambuzane zomphakathi ezihlala emakoloni angaqukatha abantu abangafika kumakhulu ambalwa. Ikoloni ngalinye linendlovukazi enesibopho sokubekela amaqanda nokudala amakoloni amasha. Izisebenzi, zonke ziyizinsikazi, zinakekela isidleke, ziqoqa ukudla futhi zivikele ikoloni.

Zithola ukudla ngokudla umpe wezimbali, kodwa zingadla nezinambuzane eziphilayo. Ngokuphambene, iminyovu yephepha elibomvu inezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezidla ezinye, kuhlanganise nezicabucabu, amabheji kanye namanye ama-arthropods.

Ngokuqondene nomkhuba, le minyovu yakha izidleke zayo ezindaweni ezivulekile, kuhlanganise nezintuba zangaphakathi, eduze kwamafasitela namafreyimu eminyango, ezakhiweni ezingaphandle nangaphansi kwamadekhi.

Ngenkathi ngise-University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum, ngathola ingxenye ekhethekile yeminyovu ebomvu yohlobo lwe-Polistes carolina. Lo mbukiso wasemnyuziyamu waletha ukunakekela ezicini ezingokoqobo zale minyovu, eqokomisa umbala wayo obomvu ohlukile. Uphinde wabelana ngamaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nokusatshalaliswa kwazo, kusukela eNew York kuya eFlorida nasentshonalanga kuya eKansas naseTexas.

Umjikelezo wokuphila womnyovu obomvu

Iminyovu ebomvu ishintshashintsha ngokuphelele, okusho ukuthi idlula ezigabeni ezine ezihlukene: iqanda, isibungu, isiphungumangathi kanye nesidala.

Entwasahlobo, indlovukazi iyaphuma lapho elele khona futhi iqala ukwakha isidleke. Uhlafuna imicu yokhuni futhi ayixube namathe ukuze enze uqweqwe lwephepha, alusebenzisela ukwakha isidleke sakhe. Isidleke siqala sisincane kodwa sikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba kuzalwa iminyovu eminingi futhi ikoloni ikhula.

Indlovukazi izalela amaqanda, achanyuselwa abe izibungu ezidla ezinye izinambuzane ezibanjwa yindlovukazi. Izibungu ekugcineni ziphotha umfece, izibungu, bese ziba ngabantu abadala. Lezi ezindala ezintsha zithatha ukunakekela isidleke kanye nesizukulwane esilandelayo samaqanda. Isikhathi sokuphila somnyovu obomvu cishe unyaka.

Ekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kwekwindla, izisebenzi ziqala ukufa futhi abesilisa nabesifazane abazalayo baqala ukushiya izidleke zabo ukuze bayokhwelana. Ngemva kokukhwelana, amaduna ayafa futhi ezinsikazi ezivundisiwe zithola indawo evikelekile ukuze zidlule ubusika futhi ziqale ukwakha amakoloni entwasahlobo elandelayo.

Iminyovu ebomvu iyizilwane ezibalulekile ezidla ezinye, idla izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane ezihlanganisa amacimbi, izimpukane nezicabucabu. Zingaba yinzuzo kubalimi nabalimi ngokulawula inqwaba yezinambuzane.

Kodwa-ke, ukulunywa kwabo kungaba buhlungu futhi kube yingozi kubantu abanokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile. Uma uhlangabezana ne-wasp ebomvu, kungcono ukuyinikeza isikhala futhi ungaphazamisi isidleke sayo.

Indlela yokubona iminyovu ebomvu

Iminyovu ebomvu iyinto evamile ezindaweni eziningi zase-United States. Lezi zinyovu zaziwa ngombala wazo ohlukile kanye nezidleke ezinjengephepha. Zibonakala kalula ngombala wazo onsundu ngokubomvu, amaphiko amnyama kanye nemilenze ephuzi. Ama-Queens makhudlwana kunezisebenzi futhi angafinyelela intshi ngobude.

Iminyovu ebomvu ivame ukuphambana nezinye izinhlobo zeminyovu, njengeminyovu ephuzi, kodwa inomehluko ohlukile. Ziphinde zibe nolaka kunezinye izinhlobo zeminyovu futhi zizovikela izidleke zazo ngonya.

Uma ubona isidleke ngaphakathi noma eduze kwekhaya lakho, cishe isidleke somnyovu obomvu. Lezi zidleke zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezivikelekile njengama-eaves, ama-attics kanye neminyango yokungena. Zenziwe ngephepha elenziwe iminyovu ngokuhlafuna imicu yokhuni bese ixutshwa namathe.

Iminyovu ebomvu iyizinambuzane ezinenzuzo ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ezinye izinambuzane. Zidla izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane, ezihlanganisa amacimbi, izimpukane nezinye iminyovu. Nokho, uma isidleke sazo siphazamiseka noma sisongelwa, ngeke angabaze ukuhlasela. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela eduze neminyovu ebomvu futhi ungaphazamisi izidleke zabo.

Izimpawu zokuhlasela komnyovu obomvu

Iminyovu ebomvu iyinkinga evamile kubanikazi bezindlu, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo.

Enye yezindlela ezilula zokuthola ukuthi unawo yini umnyovu obomvu ukubheka izidleke zawo ezingamaphepha. Lezi zidleke zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezivikelekile njengama-eaves, ama-rafters namagatsha ezihlahla. Izidleke zenziwa ngokhuni oluhlafunwayo namathe, okwenza kube nephepha.

Zingahluka ngosayizi, kodwa ngokuvamile zilingana nosayizi we-basketball. Uma ubona esinye salezi zidleke endaweni yakho, kuwuphawu oluqinisekile lokuthi unomnyovu obomvu.

Olunye uphawu lokuhlaselwa komnyovu obomvu ukuba khona kwenqwaba yeminyovu endiza endaweni. Uma ubona iminyovu eminingi, kungenzeka ukuthi kunesidleke eduze. Iminyovu ebomvu iyizinambuzane zomphakathi, okusho ukuthi zihlala emakoloni amakhulu. Uma ubona iminyovu eminingi indiza, lokhu kuwuphawu oluqinisekile lokuthi kukhona isidleke eduze.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iminyovu ebomvu ingaba nolaka uma izizwa isongelwa. Uma ubona iminyovu eminingi indiza, kungcono uqhelelene nendawo.

Akukhona nje ukuthi iminyovu ebomvu iyinkinga, kodwa ingaba yingozi nakubantu abangazwani nobuthi babo. Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho enokungezwani okunamandla kokulunywa komnyovu, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe ukuze ugweme ukuhlatshwa.

Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlala endlini ngezikhathi zomsebenzi omkhulu womnyovu, ukugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela lapho ungaphandle, kanye nokusebenzisa i-epinephrine auto-injector esimweni esiphuthumayo.

Imuphi umonakalo odalwa iminyovu ebomvu?

Iminyovu ebomvu iyinto evamile ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba, futhi nakuba ingase ibonakale ingenangozi, ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu kokubili abantu nempahla.

ukulunywa

Enye yezindlela ezisobala kakhulu ukuthi iminyovu ebomvu idala umonakalo ngokusebenzisa ukuntinyelwa kwayo. Ngiyazi mathupha ukuthi ukulunywa komnyovu obomvu kungaba buhlungu kakhulu. Ukuzwa kokuqala kungase kube ubuhlungu obubukhali noma ukuzwa okuvuthayo endaweni yokulunywa.

Uma umnyovu obomvu uhlaba, ujova ubuthi ngodosi uye endaweni eqondiwe. Ubuthi buqukethe amaprotheni ahlukahlukene, ama-enzyme namanye amakhemikhali angabangela ubuhlungu, ukulunywa nokuvuvukala.

Uma uphazamisa isidleke somnyovu obomvu noma unyathele ngephutha esinye salezi zinambuzane, ungase uhlatshwe izikhathi ezimbalwa. Lokhu kuhlaba kungaba buhlungu kakhulu futhi kubangele ukungezwani komzimba kwabanye abantu. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukulunywa komnyovu obomvu kungase kubeke ukuphila engozini.

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ngemuva kokulunywa zingabandakanya:

• ububomvu: Indawo ezungeze ukulunywa ingase ibebomvu futhi ivuvuke.
• Zudyashchy: Indawo ethintekile ingase ilume kakhulu amahora ambalwa.
• ukuvuvukala: Ubuhlungu bungabangela ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba endaweni yokulunywa, kwesinye isikhathi kubonakale.
• isifuba: Kwezinye izimo, amabala abomvu aphakanyisiwe (ama-hives) angase avele esikhumbeni.

Lezi zimpawu zingathatha amahora ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kuye ngokuthi umuntu usabela kanjani kanye nobukhulu bokulunywa.

Nakuba abantu abaningi bengakwazi ukubekezelela ukulunywa komnyovu obomvu ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi, abanye abantu bangase babhekane nokungezwani komzimba. Lokhu kungaba yingozi futhi akufanele kuthathwe kalula.

izidleke

Iminyovu ebomvu yakha izidleke zayo ngemicu yokhuni, okusho ukuthi ingalimaza izakhiwo zokhuni ngaphakathi naseduze kwekhaya lakho.

Uma siyekwa singahloliwe, isidleke somnyovu obomvu singakhula sibe sikhulu futhi sibangele umonakalo omkhulu endaweni ezungezile. Ukwengeza, izidleke zomnyovu obomvu zingaheha ezinye izinambuzane ezinjengezintuthwane nomuhlwa, ezingase zilimaze nakakhulu impahla yakho.

Amagciwane

Uma unemivi ebomvu endaweni yakho, kungaba inkinga enkulu ngokushesha. Iminyovu ebomvu izala ngokushesha, futhi isidleke esincane singashintsha sibe ukuhlasela okukhulu esikhathini esingamasonto.

Lezi zinambuzane kungaba nzima ukuziqeda, futhi ukuzama ukucekela phansi isidleke ngokwakho kungaba yingozi. Uma usola ukuthi unomnyovu obomvu, kungcono ushayele inkampani echwepheshile elawula izinambuzane ukuze ixazulule inkinga.

Indlela yokuvimbela iminyovu ebomvu

Ukuvala imifantu nemifantu

Enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela iminyovu ebomvu ukuthi ingahlali ekhaya lakho ukuvala yonke imifantu nemifantu ezungeze ikhaya lakho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izikhala ezizungeze amafasitela neminyango, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuqhekeka noma izimbobo ezindongeni noma ezisekelweni. Iminyovu ebomvu mincane futhi ingangena kalula ngisho nasezimbotsheni ezincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuvala ikhaya lakho kahle.

Susa umthombo wokudla

Ngaphezu kokuvala ikhaya lakho, kufanele futhi ususe noma yimiphi imithombo yokudla namanzi okungenzeka iheha iminyovu ebomvu. Lokhu kubandakanya ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo nezitsha zamanzi, izifunzo zezinyoni, ngisho namanzi amile egcekeni lakho. Iminyovu ebomvu ikhangwa ukudla okumnandi nokunoshukela, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukugcina lezi zinto zigcinwe kude noma zihlanzwa.

Ukuthena izihlahla nezihlahla

Enye indlela yokuvimbela iminyovu ebomvu ukuthi ingahlali egcekeni lakho ukusika izihlahla nezihlahla kude nekhaya lakho. Iminyovu ebomvu ithanda ukwakha izidleke zayo ezindaweni ezivikelekile, njengangaphansi kwezinsimu, izihlahla kanye nezihlahla. Ngokugcina lezi zindawo zihlanzekile, uzonciphisa amathuba okuthi iminyovu ebomvu inqume ukwakha izidleke zayo egcekeni lakho.

Ungashiyi ukudla kungagadiwe

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukudla nokuphuza ngaphandle. Iminyovu ebomvu ikhangwa iphunga lokudla neziphuzo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ungashiyi lezi zinto zingagadiwe. Uma uphethe ipikinikhi yangaphandle noma umbuthano, qiniseka ukuthi ugcina konke ukudla neziphuzo kuvaliwe noma kugcinwe kude lapho kungasetshenziswa.

Gcina amathini kadoti evaliwe

Kufanele futhi ugcine imigqomo kadoti ivalwe ngokuqinile ukuze uvimbele iphunga lokubola lokudla lingadonsi iminyovu ebomvu. Imigqomo kadoti kufanele ichithwe njalo futhi igcinwe kude nekhaya ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokumisa isitolo somnyovu obomvu eduze.

Ungasusa Kanjani Iminyovu Ebomvu

Uma une-red wasp infestation, kungaba inkathazo enkulu futhi kube yingozi empilweni. Iminyovu ebomvu iyaziwa ngokuziphatha kwayo okunolaka nokuhlaba okubuhlungu, okungadala ukungezwani komzimba kwabanye abantu.

Ngenhlanhla, kunezindlela ezimbalwa ongazisebenzisa ukuze uzilawule futhi uzivikele ekuthatheni ikhaya noma igceke lakho.

Izibulala-zinambuzane

Uma ukhetha ukubhekana nokuhlasela ngokwakho, kunezindlela ezimbalwa ongazisebenzisa. Izifutho zokubulala izinambuzane ziyindlela evamile futhi ephumelelayo yokubulala iminyovu ebomvu. Lezi zifutho zingathengwa ezitolo eziningi ze-hardware noma zokuthuthukisa ikhaya.

Uma usebenzisa lezi zifutho, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo ngokucophelela futhi ugqoke izinto zokuzivikela njengoba zingase zibe nobuthi uma uzigwinya noma uzihogela.

Izicupho

Enye indlela yokubhekana neminyovu ebomvu ukusetshenziswa kwezicupho. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezicupho ezitholakalayo, ezihlanganisa izicupho ezinamathelayo nezicupho ze-pheromone. Lezi zicupho zisebenza ngokuheha iminyovu nokuyigcina ivaleleke, ivimbele ukuba ingazali futhi isakaze lesi sifo.

Nokho, kubalulekile ukubeka izicupho endaweni efanele futhi uzilahle ngendlela efanele ukuze uvimbele ezinye izilwane ukuba zingabanjwa kuzo.

Amalure

Ama-baits enye inketho yokulawula imivi ebomvu. Lezi zilwane zokudla ziqukethe into enobuthi edliwa iminyovu bese ibuyela ezidlekeni zayo, ibulale ikoloni lonke.

Izithiyo zingasebenza, kodwa futhi zingaba yingozi uma zisetshenziswe ngokungalungile. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo ngokucophelela futhi ugcine ukudla okudlayo lapho izingane nezilwane ezifuywayo zingakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo.

Ukuqothulwa kochwepheshe

Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokubhekana nesifo somnyovu obomvu ukushayela inkampani yochwepheshe yokulawula izinambuzane. Laba basebenzi banolwazi nemishini yokuqeda ukuhlasela ngokuphepha nangempumelelo.

Bangaphinde bakunike amathiphu okuvimbela ukuhlasela okuzayo kanye nokugcina ikhaya lakho negceke kungenayo izinambuzane. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma uthola isidleke seminyovu ebomvu endaweni yakho futhi awuzwani naso.

Ukubhekana nokuhlasela komnyovu obomvu kudinga isineke, ukuphikelela, kanye namathuluzi afanele nolwazi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unquma ukushayela inkampani echwepheshile elawula izinambuzane noma uzibambele yona ngokwakho, kubalulekile ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha ukuvimbela ukuhlasela ukuthi kungabi kubi kakhulu.

Ngendlela efanele, ungakwazi ukuqeda iminyovu ebomvu futhi ujabulele ikhaya negceke elingenazinambuzane.

Ezinye izindawo zokuhlala e- BezTarakanov:

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zeminyovu (nokuthi ungazikhomba kanjani)

Indlela yokuqeda ngempumelelo iminyovu futhi uvimbele izidleke ezintsha ukuthi zingaveli