Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nama-shrikes
Izinyoni ezinonya kakhulu
Amashrike yizinyoni eziphuma ku-oda elithi Passeriformes, ezingamalungu omndeni wakwaLaniidae.
Uhlobo oluningi kakhulu yiLanius, igama laso livela egameni lesiLatini elisho "ibhula".
Ama-shrikes atholakala ikakhulukazi e-Eurasia nase-Afrika.
Kuphila uhlobo olulodwa ENew Guinea, izinhlobo ezimbili zitholakala ku ENyakatho Melika (i-pygmy shrike kanye ne-northern shrike). Amashrike awatholakali eNingizimu Melika noma e-Australia.
Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezintathu zama-shrike zizalela ePoland: ihansi, uyakhononda i enobuso obumnyama. Kuze kube muva nje, i-shrike enekhanda elibomvu nayo yahlala isidleke. Abamele abavelele ugwadule kanye ne-Mediterranean shrike.
Ama-shrikes ahlala ezindaweni ezivulekile, ikakhulukazi amathafa nama-savanna.
Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala emahlathini futhi azivamile ukutholakala ezindaweni ezivulekile. Ezinye izinhlobo zizalela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ehlobo bese zifudukela ezindaweni ezifudumele.
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Ama-Shrikes izinyoni ezinosayizi omaphakathi ezinezimpaphe ezimpunga, ezinsundu noma ezimnyama nezimhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi ezinamabala anombala wokugqwala.
Ubude bezinhlobo eziningi busuka ku-16 kuye ku-25 cm, i-Corvinella kuphela enezimpaphe zomsila ezinde kakhulu ezingafinyelela ubude obufika ku-50 cm.
Imilomo yazo iqinile futhi igobile ekugcineni, njengezinyoni ezidla inyama, zibonisa imvelo yazo edla inyama. Uqhwaku luphetha ngokugqama okubukhali, okubizwa ngokuthi “izinyo”. Anamaphiko amafushane, ayindilinga kanye nomsila onyathele. Izwi abalikhiphayo liyahlaba.
Ezincwadini ezihlukahlukene, ama-shrikes avame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Hannibal Lecter yezinyoni noma inyoni enobudlova kakhulu emhlabeni.
Lezi zinyoni zidla amagundane, izinyoni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini kanye nezinambuzane ezinkulu. Bangakwazi ukuzingela, isibonelo, inyoni emnyama noma igundane elincane.
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Ama-shrikes abulala izilwane ezinomgogodla ngokubamba noma ukubhoboza intamo ngemilomo yazo futhi anyakazise inyamazane ngobudlova.
Izinhlobo ezintathu zama-shrikes zizalela e-Poland: i-black-fronted shrike, i-red-rumped shrike kanye ne-Great shrike.
I-Black-fronted Shrike (Lanius major) itholakala engxenyeni esempumalanga yezwe, kodwa ukuzalaniswa kokugcina okuqinisekisiwe ePoland kwenzeka ngo-2010. Phambilini bekuyinyoni esakazeke kakhulu, ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX yayihlala ingxenye enkulu yasePoland, kodwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX inani labantu liye lehla.
Ngeminyaka yawo-80 inani labantu lalilinganiselwa kumapheya ayi-100, kodwa ngo-2008-2012 lalingamapheya angu-1-3 kuphela.
I-Black-fronted Shrike inyoni enomzimba oqondile nomsila omude.
Ekhanda layo inomaski obanzi omnyama, okuthi kubantu abadala avale isiphongo (i-Great-tailed shrike inomugqa omnyama kuphela ngaphansi kwamehlo nomngcele omhlophe phezulu, ofika esiphongweni). Umzimba nekhanda kugrey-blue.
Kunesibuko esimhlophe ephikweni nezindawo ezimhlophe emsileni. Mncane kune-magpie enkulu, kodwa ucula kakhulu kunaye. Iheha izisulu ngemisindo ehlukahlukene eklabalasayo, njengezimpethu, izenze ngenkathi zindiza futhi zindiza emoyeni.
I-black-fronted shrike izala kanye ngonyaka, ekupheleni kukaMeyi nangoJuni.
Isidleke sakhiwe emqheleni wesihlahla eside (ngokuvamile esingaba ngu-10 m ngaphezu komhlaba), emfolokoni yegatsha, elingekude nesiqu, ngokuvamile kuma-poplar noma ezihlahleni zezithelo.
Izici zesici sesidleke sale nyoni, ngaphezu kwezimpande, amahlumela, izindwani eziwugqinsi zotshani nezimpaphe, ziyizitshalo ezinkulu eziluhlaza ezilukwe engxenyeni yazo emaphakathi.
E-Poland, i-black-fronted shrike iwuhlobo oluvikelwe ngokuqinile.
Umsindo ojwayelekile (Lanius collurio) uwukushwabana okuningi kakhulu ePoland.
Ilingana nondlunkulu noma inyoni emnyama, enomzimba omncane. Ine-dimorphism yocansi esobala. Eyeduna inesifihla-buso esimnyama emehlweni ayo.
Ivame kakhulu eNtshonalanga Pomerania nase-Lower Oder Valley, nakuba ingatholakala ezweni lonke. Indawo yayo inelanga, izindawo ezivulekile, ezomile ezinezihlahla ezinameva, kanye nezindawo ezishisayo, ama-peat bogs kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zamahlozi.
Amashrike yizinyoni ezidlayo.
Bahlezi benganyakazi endaweni eqondile. Kunzima ukuzibona. Zivame ukuhlala ezintanjeni, ezigxotsheni noma eziqongweni zezihlahla, lapho zibheke khona inyamazane. Inyoni enovalo iyavevezela futhi ishaya umsila.
Eyeduna ivamise ukulingisa ukukhala kwezinye izinyoni, ngokuvamile amahansi, yingakho igama lezinhlobo zalokhu kushwabana.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nobukhulu bawo obuncane, ama-shrikes angabamba inyamazane enkulu ngokumangalisayo - angakwazi ukuzingela, isibonelo, ixoxo.
E-Poland, lolu hlobo lungaphansi kokuvikelwa okuqinile kwezinhlobo zezilwane, futhi ku-Red Book of Birds of Poland luhlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezingathandeki kakhulu (njenge-magpie enkulu).
I-Great Grey Shrike yiyona shrike enkulu kunazo zonke ePoland.
Oklebe abakhulu abanamabala batholakala ezweni lonke. Bathanda izindawo zokulima ezinezimila zendabuko. Ayikho i-dimorphism yocansi ezimpahleni. Ucingo oluvamile lwe-magpie enkulu ikhwela eliphansi, elide.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-piebalds kuqukethe ama-voles nezinambuzane. Uma kukhona ukushoda kwama-voles ekudleni, bawashintsha ngezinye izilwane ezincelisayo noma izinyoni (amabhungane, amabele, amapayipi, ama-buntings, ondlunkulu, ama-larks nezintaka), kancane kancane - izinyoni ezilingana ne-piebald enkulu kunazo zonke; isibonelo, izinyoni ezimnyama. Ngokungafani nama-shrikes, ama-magpie amakhulu awawadli amatshwele azo.