Imithi Amabhungane

Amabhungane emithi, amabhungane okuphulukisa, noma amabhungane amnyama nje ngamagama anemibala enjalo, kodwa ngemuva kwawo kukhona umqondo ofanayo: ukudla lezi zinambuzane kufanele ukwelapha cishe noma yisiphi isifo, kusukela kushukela kuya kumdlavuza.

Kungani sinokungabaza okungaka futhi kungani igama elithi “okusolwayo” lisetshenziswa? Mhlawumbe umphakathi womhlaba uphuthelwa ngempela umuthi olula nonamandla kangaka? Mhlawumbe lezi zinambuzane zinezindawo zokuphulukisa zangempela? Ake sikubheke lokhu.

Ibhungane lomuthi: hlobo luni lwesinambuzane?

Masivume ukubiza ibhungane okuxoxwe ngalo kulesi sihloko ngokuthi ibhungane lomuthi, njengoba kusikiselwe abacwaningi abacwaninga lolu hlobo. Ungase ubuze ukuthi kungani leli bhungane lingenalo igama lendabuko elaziwayo? Iqiniso liwukuthi yaziwa ku-CIS muva nje futhi ayihlali ezindaweni zethu.

Idabuka eJalimane, kodwa yethulwa e-Argentina kusukela okungenani ngonyaka we-1991, ukusuka lapho yasakazeka kakhulu kulo lonke elaseLatin America futhi yafinyelela eParaguay. Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi lomlando kanye nendawo, singasho ukuthi amabhungane emithi ayengenalo ithuba lokufika empumalanga yeGreenwich ngokwemvelo.

Ibhungane lomuthi liyingxenye yomndeni webhungane elimnyama (i-Tenebrionidae, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Tenebrionodae), uhlobo lwe-Palembus. Ngokuvamile, abameleli balo mndeni abaziwa kabanzi: amagama esiLatini esizukulwane salo mndeni, njengoMartianus Fairmaire, Palembus Casey, Ulomoides Blackburn nabanye, abavusi izinhlangano ezikhethekile.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi emndenini owodwa kunezibhungane zikafulawa, ezaziwa kabanzi eRussia, e-Ukraine naseBelarus, eziphazamisa ufulawa nokusanhlamvu. Lezi zinambuzane ezimnyama ziyizinambuzane eziyingozi ezilimaza iqoqo le-entomological. Nokho, ibhungane lomuthi linesimo esikhethekile kulo mndeni.

Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, amabhungane emithi kuthiwa anamandla okwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa:

• Umdlavuza,
• isifo sikashukela,
• Ukutheleleka nge-HIV
• Isifo sofuba,
• Ijaundice,
• Isifo sikaParkinson…

I-ellipsis isetshenziswa lapha ngesizathu: izifo ezisohlwini zikude nohlu oluphelele lwalezo okuthiwa lezi bhungane zingasetshenziswa kuzo. Ngokusobala, odokotela baphuthelwe ulwazi olubalulekile: kubonakala sengathi ibhungane lomuthi seliphenduke uhlobo lwekhambi lomhlaba wonke, njengommese webutho laseSwitzerland!

Abacwaningi bathola kanjani izici ezimangalisa kangaka ebhungezini lezokwelapha kangangokuthi manje selibhekwa njengethuluzi elingasetshenziswa ekulweni nomdlavuza?

Ireferensi ye-anatomical

Ukuze siqonde ngokugcwele ibhungane lomuthi nokubaluleka kwendima yalo emhlabeni, masikhumbule izisekelo zokwakheka komzimba womuntu. Lokhu kubukeka kuzosiza ekunqumeni ukuthi angempela kangakanani amathuba okusebenzisa la mabhungane ngezinjongo zokwelapha, noma ukuthi kukhona yini uhlobo oluthile lwenuance ngemuva kwalokhu.

Yini umdlavuza

Umdlavuza, noma i-oncology (la magama avame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana enkulumweni yansuku zonke), isifo esihambisana nokungakwazi ukufa kwamangqamuzana omzimba futhi ayeke ukuhlukana. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, umzimba wethu unezinqubo ze-biochemical ezilawula le nqubo. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, lo mshini uphazamiseka, futhi amangqamuzana aqala ukuhlukana ngokungalawuleki, enze isimila.

Isimila singavela kunoma yiliphi iseli emzimbeni, ngisho nasemvukuzaneni evamile. Lapho amangqamuzana eqala ukuphindaphinda ngokungalawuleki, kubangela ukwakheka kwesimila. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza ngokuvamile kuhilela izindlela ezihloselwe ukususa isimila, njengokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili. I-oncologist ikhetha indlela yokwelapha efanele, icabangela uhlobo lwesimila kanye nezici zayo.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza okusebenzayo kuhilela ukuvimba isimila ukuthi singakhuli futhi sisabalale emzimbeni, okwaziwa nangokuthi yi-metastasis. Ukungazinaki isidingo sokwelashwa kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu esigulini.

Siyini isifo sikashukela

Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic emzimbeni okubangelwa ukukhiqizwa okunganele kwehomoni ye-insulin noma ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngendlela engasebenzi. I-insulin iyadingeka ukuze umzimba ubambe i-glucose. Lesi simo singenzeka ngenxa yokungalingani kokudla noma ukuthambekela kofuzo.

Ukuxilongwa kanye nezimbangela zesifo sikashukela kungenziwa kuphela udokotela, futhi nguye kuphela ongabeka ukwelashwa okufanele okuhloswe ukulungisa i-metabolism.

Ukungabi nayo i-insulin eyanele kungaholela ezinkingeni ezingathi sína njengezinkinga zokubona, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokushaywa unhlangothi. Uma ungakunaki ukwelashwa okunikezwa udokotela wakho, isifo sikashukela singaba yingozi kakhulu emzimbeni.

Kuyini ukutheleleka nge-HIV

Ukutheleleka nge-HIV kuvame ukudidaniswa nengculazi, kodwa yizimo ezimbili ezihlukene. I-HIV imele "igciwane lesandulela ngculazi" kanti i-AIDS imele "i-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome." I-AIDS yisigaba esinzima kakhulu sokutheleleka nge-HIV, izibonakalisa kuphela ezigabeni zokugcina zesifo, lapho igciwane lifinyelela umsebenzi omkhulu, futhi imithi inganikeza kuphela ukwelashwa okudambisayo.

Abantu abaningi bathi i-HIV ayelapheki, futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso ngempela - namuhla lesi sifo asinalo ikhambi eliphelele. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukukhumbula into eyodwa ebalulekile: ngosizo lwezidakamizwa ze-antiretroviral, unganciphisa kakhulu inani legciwane emzimbeni, okwenza lesi sifo singasebenzi. Abantu abasebenzisa imishanguzo yegciwane lengculazi bangaphila impilo egcwele futhi babe ngabazali.

Kodwa-ke, ukuqwashisa okuphansi ngezifo, ukusatshalaliswa kwemininingwane eyisidala kanye nezindaba ezingamanga ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kubangela ukudideka phakathi kwabantu futhi kubavimbele ekutholeni ulwazi lwakamuva. Ngenxa yalokho, ngisho nezifo ezelaphekayo zingadlulela esigabeni esithuthukile. Lokhu kudala izinkinga ezinkulu ezigulini, emindenini yazo futhi, ekugcineni, nasekunakekelweni kwezempilo kwezwe.

Ukuntuleka kokuqwashisa ngesiguli kudala ukudideka emkhakheni wezokwelapha futhi kwenza inqubo yokwelapha ibe nzima. Lokhu kusebenza nasezimeni lapho abantu benza iphutha lebhungane lomuthi njengabasindisi bazo zonke izifo.

Mayelana nokuphulukisa izakhiwo zomuthi mabhungane

Ekuqaleni, izakhamuzi zamazwe asempumalanga njengeJapane neShayina zakhuluma ngezinzuzo zalezi zinambuzane futhi zikholelwa ukuthi "ukudla kwamabhungane" kusiza ezinhlungwini ezingezansi kanye nokukhwehlela. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, imibiko yezici ezimangalisayo zebhungane yaqala ukuvela eLatin America.

Lesi sinambuzane senziwe sathandwa nguRuben Dieminger, owashicilela izinto eziningi mayelana nesinambuzane esiphulukisayo kuwebhusayithi yakhe. Kamuva u-Andrei Davydenko wajoyina lo mkhankaso. Abadali besayithi bathi izinguquko ezinhle emzimbeni zibonakala zingakapheli izinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu kuya kwezingamashumi amabili.

Abasabalalisa imininingwane ngezimangaliso zalesi sinambuzane ezinkundleni zokuxhumana basichaza ngalendlela elandelayo. Lapho kuhlolwa omunye wabameleli bomkhaya webhungane elimnyama, uTenebrio Molitor, kwatholakala ukuthi abesifazane bazo bakhipha i-pheromone ethile equkethe “i-molecule yokuvuselela kabusha.” Ulwazi olunembile mayelana nokwakheka kwaleli molekyuli alunikezwanga, ngoba izinto ezitholakala ezinkundleni zokuxhumana zisekelwe embhalweni ofanayo ovela kunguqulo yesiRashiya yesayithi, futhi ayikho enye idatha.

Kodwa-ke, lolu lwazi manje lusakazwa ngenkuthalo, futhi ngisho nasesiteshini esikhulu sezwe kunezincomo zokufaka amabhungane ekudleni. Olunye ucwaningo lwaphawula ukuthi ukuwohloka kwezinzwa kwehliswa kancane kumagundane adla ibhungane elimnyama. Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-pheromone yabhubhisa amangqamuzana athintekile, okusize ukubambezela inqubo yokubhubhisa.

Ibhungane lemithi. Ubani, uma kungeyena?

Ukuthi kubangelwa izinto zokwelapha ezinambuzaneni kuyindaba ehlobene nenye imithi. Yebo, kunjalo, kunezimo lapho ama-chemical compounds afihliwe yizinambuzane asetshenziswa ekudalweni kwezidakamizwa ezigunyazwe yi-World Health Organization, FDA, Ministry of Health kanye nezinye izinhlangano zezokwelapha, kodwa kulezi zimo sikhuluma ngezinto ezikhethekile kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, endabeni yamabhungane emithi, izakhiwo zawo zidlulela ngalé kokutholakala okuvamile. Lokhu kutholakala kungaqokelwa uMklomelo KaNobel kwezokwelapha, ikhemistri kanye ne-biology ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukuzibuza lo mbuzo: mhlawumbe siyangabaza kakhulu futhi sishoda okuthile okubaluleke ngempela?

Izimbungulu ngokumelene namasiko

Inkulumo ethi "imithi yesintu" isivele isiphenduke igama elingcolile ezinkundleni zokuxhumana phakathi kwabalandeli bezinyanga zebhungane. Iyini imithi yesintu jikelele futhi iqhathaniswa ngamiphi imingcele nenye imithi?

Ngokwejwayelekile (umuntu angathanda ukusho ukuqonda kwendabuko), imithi yesintu yileyo ehlinzeka ngohlelo lokwelapha ngezindlela ezamukelekayo. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo: ngobani futhi ngaziphi izindlela la makhambi aqashelwa futhi kungani izakhiwo zawo zizuza ngempela futhi zisinqobe lesi sifo, futhi, ngokwemibandela, ukuphuza i-soda yomdlavuza wesisu kuyindlela evela esigabeni sokwelashwa okuhlukile?

Imithi yendabuko ixhunywe ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nemithi esekelwe ebufakazini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma sifuna ukwazi ukuthi ukwelashwa okuthile kuyasebenza yini, kufanele sibheke izibalo futhi sibone ukuthi kwasiza abantu abangaki nokuthi yimaphi amaphesenti alabo bantu abakha ingqikithi yenani labantu abenze umthetho olandelwayo. Lapho sidlula umkhawulo othile, singasho ukuthi indlela iyasebenza.

Okuthakazelisayo ukuthi "abendabuko" abazange bachithe ukutadisha kwamabhungane. Kukhona okungenani izincwadi ezimbili ezifakazela ukuthi izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali zalezi zinambuzane zibhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi zine-immunomodulatory ne-antiphlogistic, okungukuthi, imiphumela elwa nokuvuvukala. Yini isayensi engayithandanga kangako ngalezi zinambuzane?

Umuthi osuselwe ebufakazini uxwayisa ngalezi zici ezilandelayo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwebhungane lomuthi:

1. Ubuthi: Ukwandisa umthamo we-Ulomoides Dermestoides (lolu uhlobo lwamabhungane amnyama) kungabangela ukudakwa. Inani lezimbungulu ezingaholela ebuthini liyahlukahluka, futhi kubonakala sengathi lo mthamo ungumuntu ngamunye.
2. Ingozi yezinkinga: Ukudla amabhungane emithi kungaholela e-pneumonia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhungane awayona inzalo, okwandisa amathuba okutheleleka kwesibili.
3. Okungacacisiwe: I-pheromone ekhiqizwe amabhungane amnyama yenza ngokungaqondile, ibhubhisa amaseli ngokungakhethi - kokubili okugulayo futhi okunempilo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaseli anempilo emzimbeni nawo angabhujiswa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukucabangela esinye isici: izifundo ngemiphumela yamabhungane emzimbeni zilinganiselwe kakhulu ngenani. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthola iziphetho zomhlaba wonke mayelana nemiphumela emihle yalezi zinambuzane. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi izakhiwo eziyisimangaliso zamabhungane aziyona indaba yocwaningo olunzulu lwezemithi; okungenani hhayi okwamanje.

Beetle-doctor-melaphi-umlaphi: yini umphumela?

Yiziphi iziphetho ezingafinyelelwa ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi? Ngokwezimiso zokuziphatha akunakwenzeka ukwahlulela izinqumo zabantu ababhekene nokuxilonga okusongela ukuphila, ikakhulukazi endabeni yenkulumompikiswano ephikisana ne-HIV kanye nomdlavuza, eqhubeka nokudala impikiswano. Kodwa-ke, mayelana nokunikezwa kwezentengiselwano zokwelapha ngezindlela ezingajwayelekile, kungaba izimbungulu, i-soda nanoma yini enye, isimo sicacile. Sithemba ukuthi isihloko sethu sikusize uqonde le nkinga futhi uhlole ukuthi ungazethemba kangakanani izithembiso eziza esigabeni "sezincwadi eziya kumhleli", ezithembisa ukwelapha noma yisiphi isifo ngaso leso sikhathi.

Ukuphindaphinda kwemisho eyaziwa kakade, kodwa engabalulekile kangako: indlela yokuphila enempilo kuphela kanye nokuhlolwa okuvamile kwezokwelapha kuzosiza ukuvimbela izifo ezinzima, futhi ukwelashwa kungenzeka kuphela ngosizo lwemithi esemthethweni. Vumela lo mlayezo uthole umfundi wawo!

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Ingabe basebenzisa amabhungane kafulawa?

Ikhasi lewebhu elisemthethweni le-beetle yemithi yaseRussia alisho lutho ngokusetshenziswa kwamabhungane kafulawa awaziwayo. Ngezinjongo esixoxe ngazo embhalweni, kusetshenziswa amabhungane ase-Argentina kuphela. Ngokusho kwabadali baleli khasi, e-Argentina la mabhungane aze afuywe futhi athunyelwe mahhala.

Asetshenziswa kanjani amabhungane emithi?

Sincoma kakhulu ukuthi ungazami ukusebenzisa ulwazi olungase lutholakale empendulweni yalo mbuzo! Amakhemikhali akhishwa amabhungane ayaziwa ukuthi anobuthi. Kweminye imithombo evulekile ungathola izeluleko zokuzisebenzisa kanye nesinkwa, ukwandisa umthamo ngokulingana nezinsuku zesifundo (usuku lokuqala - ibhungane elilodwa, usuku lwesibili - ezimbili, njalonjalo), futhi usebenzise i-tincture. .

Yiziphi ezinye izindlela ezikhona uma kungeyona le ndlela?

Njengoba wazi kakade, umbono wethu uhambisana nemithi esemthethweni. Udokotela kuphela ongakwazi ukunikeza ukwelashwa okungafanelekile kuphela, kodwa futhi kuphephile. Wenza lokhu ngemva kokuqoqa ngokucophelela i-anamnesis futhi enze isithombe esiphelele sesifo sakho.