Izinambuzane eziwusizo zokulawula izinambuzane

Nakuba izibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni eziningi zezolimo, ukuncika ngokuphelele kumakhemikhali akuseyona indlela ephumelelayo yokulawula izinambuzane ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezilandelayo:

Ukuphikiswa

Ukuhlehla okukhulu okuqhubekayo nokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezivamile yikhono lezinambuzane ukuthuthukisa ukumelana. Izinambuzane ezingaba ngu-500 kanye nezinambuzane ezihlobene nazo (izibungu) zabonisa ukumelana. Eqinisweni, ezinye zazo azikwazi ukulawulwa ngezikhali zanamuhla zamakhemikhali.

Inkinga yesibili yezinambuzane

Ngisho namakhemikhali asebenza ngempumelelo ezinambuzaneni ngokuvamile abulala noma aphazamise izinambuzane eziwusizo nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Isimo esibe sesidalwa sivumela isinambuzane (okungesona isilokazane esivamile, kodwa esinye isinambuzane esisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukudla okutholakalayo) ukuba sikhule ngokushesha ngenani, njengoba zingekho izilwane ezidla ezinye ensimini ezingavimbela ukuqhuma kwabantu. Kwesinye isikhathi umonakalo owumphumela (wesikhathi eside nowezomnotho) ovela ezinambuzaneni zesibili mkhulu kunalowo ovela ezinambuzaneni ezihlosiwe ekuqaleni.

Thenga ukukhetha kwethu okukhulu kwezinambuzane ezinenzuzo, okuhlanganisa phila ladybugs, eBezTarakanov's. Uhhafu wamaphayinti - ama-ladybugs angu-4,500 - aphatha ingadi enosayizi omaphakathi, futhi i-FedEx iletha zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili. MAHHALA! Ingabe zikhona izinambuzane? Vakashela ithuluzi lethu lesixazululo sezinambuzane ukuze ubone izithombe, izincazelo kanye nohlu oluphelele lwemikhiqizo yokulawula izinambuzane eco-friendly.

Umnotho

Inhlanganisela yokungazweli, izilokazane zesibili, kanye nemikhawulo engokomthetho ebangelwa ukuphepha kanye nokukhathazeka kwemvelo kukhuphule izindleko zokubulala izinambuzane. Okunye okuyinkinga yezomnotho kubakhiqizi bezentengiselwano isidingo sokudla okungenazibulala-zinambuzane (amaketango amakhulu ezitolo ezinkulu akhangisa ukuhlolwa okuzimele kwemikhiqizo yabo ngokuphendula ingcindezi yabathengi).

Isixazululo siwukuthuthukisa kunokwandisa ukulawula izinambuzane:

1. Thola Izinambuzane - Akuzona zonke izinambuzane eziyizinambuzane!
2. Setha izinga elifanele lomonakalo owamukelekayo - akuzona zonke izinambuzane ezibalulekile kwezomnotho.
3. Gada isimo sezinambuzane njalo; ngezinye izikhathi akukho ukulawula okudingekayo.
4. Uma inani lezinambuzane lilikhulu ngokwanele ukuba libangele ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho, sebenzisa zonke izindlela zokulawula ezitholakalayo nezamukelekayo, okuhlanganisa izibulala-zinambuzane zamasiko, zebhayoloji, zemishini, nezemvelo noma zezitshalo.
5. Ukukhishwa okuvamile kwezinambuzane ezinenzuzo (njengendlela yokuvimbela nokulawula) manje sekuyingxenye ye-IPM 'yendabuko' kwezolimo futhi kufanele kucatshangelwe futhi kusetshenziswe ngendlela efanele.
6. Rekhoda imiphumela ezosetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zesikhathi esizayo - izinyathelo zokuvimbela zidinga ukuhlela kusenesikhathi.

"Isitha sesitha sami umngani wami"

Namuhla, abalimi abaningi abakhulu nabalimi basebenzisa izinambuzane eziwusizo, amabhaktheriya nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Labo kini abajwayelene ne-biological control arsenal sebeyakwazi ukubaluleka kokuhlela okufanele. Kulabo abasanda kusijoyina, ungonga isikhathi, imali kanye nokukhungatheka ngokufunda ukubaluleka koku:

1. Ukukhetha uhlobo olulungile
2. Isikhathi esifanele
3. Uhlelo lokusebenza olulungile
4. Indawo ekahle

Uma silima noma silima (ikakhulukazi ekulimeni okukodwa), sishintsha imvelo ukuze sivune esifuna ukukulima. Singasusa ukhula, sivundise umhlabathi, sinikeze amanzi engeziwe, njll. Nokho, lokhu kudla okusha kuzoheha izivakashi zethu zokuqala. Imvamisa, izitshalo ziheha ama-feeders amaningi, ekugcineni aheha izilwane ezizingelayo nama-parasites. Isikhathi esiphakathi kokufika kwezinambuzane nokuvela kwesitha singabiza kakhulu. Ososayensi emhlabeni wonke bahlala befuna izitha zemvelo ezingasetshenziswa ezimweni zezinambuzane.

Ubuningi bezinambuzane zezentengiselwano bukhiqiza uhla lwezinambuzane ezinenzuzo osekuvele kwafakazelwa ukuthi zisebenza kahle ekwehliseni inani lezinambuzane okwanele ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda kakhulu ukulawulwa kwamakhemikhali.

Izimpukane ezimhlophe ziyingozi kuzo zombili izitshalo zangaphandle nezingaphakathi ngokumunca ubisi lwezitshalo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, bangaphinde badlulisele izifo. i-whitefly parasite izalela amaqanda—angu-50 kuya kwangu-100—kuzo zombili izigaba zeziphungumangathi kanye nezibungu kamuva ze-whitefly, iwabulale ngaphambi kokuba abe madala.

1. Izinhlobo ezifanele

• Thola izinambuzane eziyinhloko (izinambuzane zesibili zivame ukubaluleka njengezinambuzane eziyinhloko, kodwa ngokuvamile "zidalwe" ngenxa yemizamo yokulawula amakhemikhali eqondiswe ezinambuzaneni eziyinhloko).
• Khomba izitha zezinambuzane.
• Faka lolu lwazi esu lakho lokulawula izinambuzane.

Uma kungenzeka, khetha isilwane esizingelayo esikhethekile. Ngokwesibonelo, umnyovu i-Trichogramma ubulala amaqanda ezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zamabhu namaqanda ovemvane, ngaleyo ndlela uvimbele ukuvela kwezibungu eziyingozi. Kodwa uma isibungu sesichanyuselwe, siba isisulu sezilwane ezifunzayo ezihlukahlukene, izinhlobonhlobo zezimuncagazi, okungenzeka ukuthi amagciwane kanye nezilwane ezinomgogodla. Indlela yakho eyinhloko yokuzivikela yi-parasite yamaqanda. Ngokunciphisa inani lokuqala lezibungu elilimaza isitshalo, ezinye izindlela zemvelo zokulawula izinambuzane zingase zanele ukugcina inani lezinambuzane lingaphansi kwezinga lomonakalo wezomnotho. Ama-predatory mite akulungele ukwethulwa ukuze alawule izinambuzane. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ukukhetha okufanele (bheka izincwadi ezikhuluma ngemikhaza). Izilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye zemvelo/izimuncagazi azitholakali ngokwentengiso; abaningi babo empeleni namanje abaziwa. Kodwa ulwazi luyatholakala ukukusiza wenze ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu phakathi kwezilwane ezidla ezinye/izimuncagazi ezitholakala namuhla.

2. ukuvumelanisa

Isikhathi esifanele siyisici esibalulekile sokulawula izinambuzane zemvelo lapho ukhulula izinambuzane ezinenzuzo. Umsingathi kufanele afinyeleleke kuma-parasite. Kwezinye izimo (isb. i-Trichogramma spp.) ukukhishwa okuvamile kuyenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ababungazi abaningi bayatholakala, okuvumela inani lezinambuzane ukuthi likhule ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izinambuzane ezihlosiwe. Kodwa uma usebenzisa i-parasite yesigaba esithile somjikelezo wokuphila (i-Trichogramma - i-egg parasite), i-parasite kufanele ibe nenani elanele uma isilokazana esiqondiwe sikhona. Isibonelo, i-Trichogramma ngeke isize uma amacimbi esechanyuselwe kuwo wonke amaqanda. I-Whitefly parasite I-Encarcia formosa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akufanele inikezwe ngaphandle kokuba khona kwezimpukane.

Futhi nakuba ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye zikwazi ukuphila izikhathi ngaphandle komthombo wokudla, eziningi zidinga ukutholakala kokudla njalo. Ngakho-ke, uma isilwane esizingelayo siqondile (okungukuthi, izibungu ezidlayo zokulawula izibungu zesicabucabu), izethulo kufanele zenziwe ngenkathi isilokazane sikhona (noma ngisho nesilokazane), kodwa ngaphambi kokuba inani lezinambuzane libe phezulu kakhulu ukuze kuzuzwe ukulawula okwanele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma umhlaseli ungaqondile, isingeniso singenziwa uma kukhona umthombo wokudla. Ukukhishwa kwezinambuzane okuzuzisayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuzokwandisa inani lezilwane ezizingelayo.

3. Ukusetshenziswa okufanele

Letha izinombolo ezanele zezinambuzane eziwusizo ezisesimweni esihle eduze nendawo okuhloswe ngayo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kwezinye izimo, ukufaka isicelo esifanele kuyindaba nje yokuhlela kahle nokusingatha umthwalo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi thatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele ukuze uthole izinto eziphilayo futhi ugcine indawo enempilo efanele ngaphambi kokuba zikhishwe ensimini yakho, engadini, endlini ebamba ukushisa noma engadini yezithelo. Phela, ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kuyadingeka ukuze lezi zinto eziphilayo ziphile, zisebenze futhi zichume.

Isivinini sohlelo lokusebenza singabaluleka kakhulu. Izincomo ziyatholakala kunoma yisiphi isinambuzane esinenzuzo esitholakala ngokuthengisa. Futhi, UNGALINDI kuze kube yilapho inani lezinambuzane seliphezulu kakhulu. Ungagcina imali uma ubeka isikhathi sokukhululwa kwakho ngendlela efanele.

Izindlela zokufaka isicelo zisukela ekukhishweni komhlabathi mathupha kuye ekudedeleni emoyeni ezindaweni ezinkulu. Kuningi okushodayo ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo kwezinhlelo zamanje zokudiliva. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kwentshisekelo ezinhlelweni ezinkulu zokulethwa kwezidingo kuyathembisa kakhulu.

Lezi zinambuzane ezidla ezinye ziyizihlobo ezidla izibungu zesicabucabu ezidla amaqabunga nezinye izibungu ezidla izitshalo. Ama-spider mite predators cishe ubukhulu besicabucabu esinamabala amabili, esisawolintshi noma esinsundu ngombala, esingenabala, esicwebezelayo nesimise okwepheya kunezisulu zabo.

4. Indawo ekahle

Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokulawula izinambuzane zemvelo ukugcina indawo evumelana nezinambuzane ezinenzuzo ngangokunokwenzeka. Kwezinye izimo, izitshalo zokumboza ezinakekelwa kahle zingaba umthombo wezilwane ezidla ezinye nama-parasites. Ukwethulwa kwezilwane ezidla izilwane ezifuywayo ezifuywayo kuzophumelela kakhulu uma izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama kubhekwa. Izimo ezikahle zigcinwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza; kuqashelwa ukuqinisekisa izimo zokuthutha ezifanele (izinambuzane ezizuzisayo ngokuvamile zithuthwa esigabeni esivikelwe kakhulu somjikelezo wokuphila kwazo); Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphatha izimpahla ngendlela efanele endaweni, i.e. ungayishiyi ebhokisini leposi elishisayo noma emotweni; Ukusetshenziswa okufanele kuhlanganisa ukucabangela izinga lokushisa (akusebenzi ngesikhathi esishisa kakhulu sosuku). Futhi, lapho ukhetha uhlobo oluthile, cabanga ngezidingo ezaziwayo (isibonelo, ezinye izimbuzane ezidla ezinye zidinga umswakama olinganiselwe ongu-60%, ezinye u-40%).

Isicelo

Singasebenzisa ulwazi olunzulu oluhlanganisa ukukhululwa kwezinambuzane ezizuzisayo zibe izinkambu, ukuqapha kwenkundla kanye nezeluleko ezigabeni eziningi zokulawula izinambuzane zemvelo.

Lapho usebenza nezinambuzane eziphilayo ezizuzisayo “ezinesikhathi esifushane sokuphila,” ukuhlela kusengaphambili kubalulekile. Kubalulekile ngokufanayo ukuba nomthombo onokwethenjelwa wezilwane ezidla ezinye zemvelo kanye nezimuncagazi uma usunqume ukuzisebenzisa. Sicela usithinte ngokushesha ukuze "ubhuke" i-oda lakho.

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi

Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuhlinzeka ngezinambuzane ezinenzuzo ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi (QC). Nsuku zonke (futhi ngezinye izikhathi ebusuku) izinambuzane zihlolwe ukubukeka, izinga lokuzala, ulaka, njll. Amasampula athathwa ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi ephezulu. Ubuchwepheshe obusha obuthuthukiswe ama-insectariums ethu, i-USDA namanyuvesi angasetshenziswa ngokushesha ekukhiqizeni ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nokusebenza kahle. Izinambuzane zethu zikhuliswa ezakhiweni ezingayingeni imvelo. Nokho, ukuhlola kubonise ukuthi uma izinambuzane zikhuliswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezona ezemvelo, ikhono lazo lokusesha, ulaka, njll. lingase lehle ngemva kwezizukulwane ezimbalwa. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinambuzane, sithola amasiko "okuqala" ngokuqondile ku-Mother Nature futhi siqale inqubo futhi. Umgomo wethu uwukuhlinzeka ngomkhiqizo ongcono kakhulu ongakusiza ukuthi ulawule izinambuzane zakho ngokuphepha, ngempumelelo nangendlela eyongayo.

Iwaranti

Ngaphandle Kwamaphela iqinisekisa ukulethwa ngesikhathi komkhiqizo wekhwalithi.