Izikelemu: okudingeka ukwazi ngabasizi basengadini
Abalimi abaningi nabalimi, belungiselela imibhede, bahlangana nezikelemu zomhlaba. Lezi zilwane ziletha izinzuzo eziningi, ngenxa yomsebenzi wazo obalulekile, inhlabathi inothiswa umoya-mpilo futhi iyaxega ngenxa yokunyakaza okwenziwa.
Okuqukethwe
Ngabe isibungu sibukeka kanjani: isithombe
Incazelo yezikelemu
Igama: Isibungu somhlaba noma isikelemu
Isi-Latin: I-LumbricinaIbanga: Izikelemu zebhande - Clitellata
Isigcawu: Iqembu - Crassiclitellata
 | Izindawo zokuhlala: | yonke indawo ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica |
 | Inzuzo noma ukulimala: | ewusizo ekhaya nasengadini |
 | Incazelo: | izilwane ezivamile ezisetshenziselwa ukudala i-biohumus |
Izikelemu zomhlaba noma izikelemu ziyingxenye yezikelemu ezincane futhi zihlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Arctic ne-Antarctica. Kukhona abameleli abaningi balesi sigaba esingaphansi, esihlukile ngosayizi.
Ubude bomsundu bungaba kusuka ku-2 cm kuya ku-3 amamitha. Umzimba ungase ube nezingxenye ezingu-80-300, lapho ama-setae atholakala khona, lapho aphumula khona ngesikhathi sokunyakaza. I-Setae ayikho esigabeni sokuqala.
Isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi somsundu womhlaba sinezitsha ezimbili eziyinhloko, lapho igazi lihamba lisuka phambi komzimba liye emuva.
Isibungu siphefumula ngamangqamuzana esikhumba ambozwe amafinyila ayisivikelo agcwele izibulala-magciwane. Akanawo amaphaphu.
Isikhathi sokuphila somuntu ngamunye sisuka eminyakeni emibili kuya kweyisishiyagalombili. Basebenza ngoMashi-April bese kuthi ngoSepthemba-Okthoba. Esikhathini esishisayo, zikhasa ekujuleni, futhi zilale zwi, njengokungathi zilele ubuthongo. Phakathi namakhaza asebusika, iminyundu ishona phansi ize ishone lapho isithwathwa singafinyeleli khona. Njengoba amazinga okushisa ekhuphuka entwasahlobo, akhuphukela phezulu.
Ukukhiqiza
Isikelemu somhlaba.
Izikelemu ziyi-hermaphrodites zala ngokocansi, umuntu ngamunye unohlelo lokuzala lowesifazane nowesilisa. Batholana ngokunuka nomlingani.
Ebhandeni, elisezingxenyeni zangaphambili zesibungu, amaqanda avundiswa, lapho akhula khona amasonto angama-2-4. Izikelemu ezincane ziphuma ngesimo se-cocoon, lapho kukhona abantu abangu-20-25, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-3-4 zikhula zibe ubukhulu bazo obuvamile. Isizukulwane esisodwa sezibungu sivela ngonyaka.
Zidlani izikelemu
Imisundu igwinya inhlabathi eningi, idla amaqabunga abolile, ifaka izinto eziphilayo ezikhona.
Bacubungula yonke into, ngaphandle kwezinhlayiya eziqinile, noma lezo ezinephunga elingemnandi.
Uma ufuna ukuzalanisa noma ukwandisa inani leminyundu, ungatshala okusanhlamvu, i-clover nezitshalo zasebusika esizeni.
Kodwa ukuba khona kwezikelemu emhlabathini kuwuphawu oluhle lokuzala.
Ekudleni kwezilwane, ngaphezu kwezinsalela zezitshalo ezizitholela ukudla kanye nomhlaba, kukhona:
- izinsalela zezilwane ezibolayo;
- umquba;
- izinambuzane ezifile noma ezilala ebusika;
- amakhasi e-gourds;
- i-pulp yamakhambi amasha;
- ukuhlanza imifino.
Ukuze kugaywe ukudla, izikelemu zikuxuba nomhlaba. Emathunjini aphakathi, ingxube ihlangana kahle futhi umphumela uwumkhiqizo ohlanganiswe nezinto eziphilayo, nengxenye enkulu ye-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium ekubunjweni kwayo. Izikelemu ezithambile azigayi yonke into ngokushesha, kodwa zenza izinto emakamelweni akhethekile ukuze kube nokudla okwanele komndeni. I-raincoat eyodwa ngosuku ingamunca inani lokudla elilingana nesisindo salo.
Indlela yokudla ukudla okusha
Amaqabunga amasha, ikakhulukazi izikelemu, athanda ulethisi neklabishi, akudla ngendlela ethile. Izikelemu zithanda izingxenye ezithambile zesitshalo.
- Ngezindebe eziphumile, isikelemu sibamba ingxenye ethambile yeqabunga.
- Ingaphambili lomzimba liqiniswa kancane, ngenxa yokuthi i-pharynx inamathela ku-pulp.
- Ngenxa yokwanda kwengxenye ephakathi yomzimba, kwakhiwa i-vacuum futhi isibungu sigwinya ucezu lwezicubu ezithambile zeqabunga.
- Akayidli imithambo, kodwa uyakwazi ukudonsa izinsalela emgodini ukuze avale ngale ndlela.
Izitha zeminyundu
Izinyoni zithanda kakhulu ukuzitika ngezikelemu, amavukuzane ahlala ngaphansi komhlaba azithola ngokunuka azidle. Ama-Hedgehog, amabheja kanye nezimpungushe nazo zidla izikelemu. Banele ngokwanele izitha zemvelo.
Isibungu: isinambuzane noma cha
Izikelemu zibhekwa njengomqondo ophelelwe yisikhathi. UCarl Linnaeus uthi zonke izilwane ezingenamgogodla zibangelwa lolu hlobo lwezilwane, kodwa ngaphandle kwama-arthropods.
Bakha umndeni ohlukile we-Lumbiricides, isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu somsundu yizibungu kanye nezibungu ze-polychaete. Leli yiqembu labakhileyo enhlabathini, okuthi, ngokusho kwezici eziningi ze-morphological, bahlanganiswe emndenini wama-oligochaetes.
Izikelemu: izinzuzo zezilwane esizeni
Kuningi okungashiwo mayelana nezinzuzo zeminyundu. Asakazwa cishe yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwezingwadule nezindawo ezibandayo.
- Zivundisa inhlabathi ngendle yazo.
- Ukunyakaza kukhulula izendlalelo futhi kukhuthaze ukungena komoya.
- Lahla izinsalela zezitshalo.
- Ukukhishwa kwawo kubamba umhlabathi ndawonye, imifantu ayiveli kuwo.
- Kusukela phansi emhlabathini, izikelemu zithutha amaminerali, avuselela inhlabathi.
- Ithuthukisa ukukhula kwezitshalo. Kungcono kakhulu ukuthi izimpande zingene emihumeni eyenziwe izikelemu.
- Bakha isakhiwo senhlabathi eyinhlabathi futhi bathuthukise ukuhlangana kwawo.
Ungazisiza kanjani izikelemu
Izikelemu ziletha izinzuzo emnothweni, kodwa ngokuvamile abantu ngokwabo bachitha ukuphila kwabo. Ukuze uthuthukise indlela yabo yokuphila, ungalandela izidingo eziningi.
| Ukucindezela | Yehlisa ukucindezela phansi ngazo zonke izinhlobo zemishini nemishini. |
| Isimo sezulu | Sebenza umhlabathi uma womile futhi ubanda, khona-ke izikelemu zijulile. |
| Ukulima | Kungcono ukukhawulela ukulima, futhi kuphela ebusweni ukuze ukwenze uma kunesidingo. |
| Ikhalenda | Ngezikhathi zokusebenza okuphezulu entwasahlobo nasekwindla, nciphisa umsebenzi ekujuleni kwenhlabathi ngangokunokwenzeka. |
| Izimila | Ukuhambisana nokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo, ukwethulwa komquba oluhlaza kanye nokutshala izitshalo ezikhula njalo kuthuthukisa umsoco. |
| Ukudla | Umanyolo ofanele uzosiza ukwenza ukuba khona kwezibungu kube kuhle. |
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo empilweni yezikelemu
Kubonakala sengathi okungavamile kungenzeka ezilwaneni ezilula kangaka.
- Izinhlobo zase-Australia nezaseNingizimu Melika zifinyelela ubude obungamamitha ama-3.
- Uma isibungu silahlekelwa ukuphela komzimba, khona-ke ngokuvamile sikhula esisha, kodwa uma sidwengulwa phakathi, khona-ke izibungu ezimbili ngeke zikhule.
- Isikelemu esisodwa siletha indle engu-6 kg ebusweni bomhlaba ngonyaka.
- Izizathu zokuthi kungani izikelemu ziza phezulu ngemva kwemvula kuseyimpicabadala kwabaningi.
isiphetho
Izikelemu zomhlaba noma izikelemu ziletha izinzuzo eziningi zokucebisa umhlabathi nge-oxygen, ukucubungula amaqabunga awile, umquba. Amaphaseji ambiwe izikelemu afaka isandla ekungeneni komswakama ekujuleni. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo, izinto zamaminerali ezisuka kungqimba lomhlabathi ophansi zithuthela ungqimba olungaphezulu, futhi luvuselelwa njalo.
