Kuze kube nini izimbungulu zihlala ngaphandle kokudla efulethini: izimfihlo zokusinda "kwama-bloodsuckers amancane"

Umbhali walesi sihloko
Ukubukwa kwe-560
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Lapho bethola ukuthi kukhona izimuncagazi ezimunca igazi endlini, abaningi bayethuka. Ngokushesha kuphakama imibuzo: bavelaphi, baqine kangakanani futhi bangaziqeda kanjani. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukwazi hhayi kuphela ngezici zempilo yezinambuzane, kodwa nokuthi i-bug ihlala isikhathi esingakanani ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo futhi ngaphandle kokufinyelela kokudla.

Isiphazamisi sombhede siphila isikhathi esingakanani ngokwesilinganiso

Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila yalawa ma-bloodsucker amancane ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo unyaka ongu-1, kanti umkhawulo yizinyanga eziyi-14. Uma ungekho umthombo wokudla namazinga okushisa aphansi, izimbungulu ziwela esimweni esifana nokugqwayiza okumisiwe, lapho zigcina khona ukusebenza kwazo ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Izimbungulu ziyizinambuzane eziqinile.

Yini ethinta ukuphila kwembungulu

Ukuthi i-parasite iphila isikhathi esingakanani kuncike kakhulu kulokhu:

  • imvamisa yamandla;
  • amazinga okushisa emvelo;
  • umswakama.

Izinga lokushisa elikhulu kubo ngama-28-30 degrees kanye nomswakama ohlobene no-25-30%. Lapho i-thermometer yehla ngaphansi kwama-degree angu-15, izimbungulu ziba zingasebenzi. Ngokushintsha kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu, ama-bloodsuckers ayeka ukuphindaphinda, ukuthuthukisa nokufa ngokushesha.

Izimbungulu nazo zisongelwa izitha zemvelo:

  • ama-centipedes;
  • izintuthwane;
  • amaphela;
  • izilwane ezidla ezinye;
  • izicabucabu;
  • imikhaza.

Lesi sici siholela ekuncipheni kwesikhathi sokuphila komuntu ngamunye, kodwa akuthinti kakhulu ukwehla kwenani lezimuncagazi.

Ziphila isikhathi esingakanani izibungu
Ubude balesi sigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwezinambuzane kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-35 kuya kwezingu-55 futhi kunqunywa inani lemingcele: izinga lomswakama, izinga lokushisa, amandla okudla, njll. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithokomele kakhulu, umjikelezo wokuphila wesibungu uyancipha ube yizinsuku ezingu-35, emva kwalokho uphenduka ube umuntu omdala ovuthiwe ngokocansi.
Amaqanda ezimbungulu aphila isikhathi esingakanani
Ubude besikhathi se-incubation buthatha izinsuku ezingu-6-17 futhi futhi kuncike ezimweni zemvelo ezivumayo. Amaqanda akhiwa ngokuqondile emzimbeni wesifazane izinsuku ezingu-4-5 futhi, uma ukwakhiwa kwamatshe kungathinteki kabi, izibungu ziphuma izinsuku ezingu-6-7. Lapho kukhona izici ezingezinhle ngesimo somoya owomile, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma eliphansi, amaqanda ayafa.

Izici zokudla kanye nokuphila kwezimbungulu

Izimbungulu zikhetha izindawo zokuhlala lapho kukhona konke okudingekayo ukuze uthole ukuphila okunempilo nokunethezeka: okokuqala, ukufudumala nomthombo wokudla oqhubekayo - umuntu. Ngakho-ke, ama-parasites avame ukuhlela izidleke zawo embhedeni, ekhuphuka e-stuffing, umatilasi, amalunga ohlaka. Ukuthola nokubamba izimbungulu akulula. 
Lapho kuqala ubusuku, ikakhulukazi esikhathini esiphakathi kwamahora angu-3-6, ziyakhasa ziphuma ezindaweni zokukhosela futhi ziye kumuntu olele ukuze bathole ingxenye elandelayo yegazi abalidingayo ukuze bazalane futhi bakhule inzalo. Ngesinye isikhathi, umuntu omdala uyakwazi ukuphuza kuze kufike ku-8 ml, okwenza kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-10 ukuluma njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-5-7, isibungu sidinga igazi elincane, kodwa ukudla okuvame kakhulu.
Izidleke ngokuvamile zitholakala ezindaweni ezingabonakali okunzima ukuzifinyelela. Lapho befuna ukudla, bahamba ngokushesha bezungeza ifulethi, futhi umzimba oyisicaba, ohlukene awuvumelekile ukuwubamba ngesandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilokazane zingase zingavikeleki kwezinye izibulala-zinambuzane futhi zilambe isikhathi eside, okuphinde kufakazele ubungqabavu obumangalisayo bezimbungulu.
Izinambuzane ezimunca igazi, ngokungafani namaphela, azidingi ukuphuza uketshezi. Ziyakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi. Amagobolondo angaphandle ezimbungulu aswakanyiswe kahle. Abadingi ukuphuza ukuze baphile. Okuwukuphela kokudla okufanele ama-parasite yigazi lezidalwa ezinegazi elifudumele. Kanyekanye yanelisa izidingo eziningana zomzimba wabo, kuhlanganise nesidingo somswakama.

Zingaphila isikhathi esingakanani izimbungulu ngaphandle kokudla

Ukusebenza okuvamile, kwanele ukuthi ama-bloodsuckers adle izikhathi ezingu-25-30 kuphela ngonyaka futhi ukuntuleka kokudla akuyona inkinga kubo. Izimbungulu zinekhono eliyingqayizivele lokuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokudla kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula. Uma sikhuluma ngezibungu, leli gama lincike ekutheni yiziphi izigaba ezinhlanu umuntu adlula kuzo:

  • I - kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuye kwezingama-38;
  • II - izinsuku ezingu-25-74;
  • III - kufika ezinsukwini ezingu-120;
  • IV - kufika ezinsukwini eziyi-132
  • V - 142 izinsuku.

Izinambuzane ezindala ngokuvamile zibonisa izimangaliso zokukhuthazela, ezihlala zikhona kuze kube yizinyanga ezingu-11-12.

Ingabe uthole izimbungulu?
Kwaba njalo Hhawu, ngenhlanhla akunjalo.

I-Anabiosis njengendlela yokuphila ngaphandle kokudla: zingaki izimbungulu ezingalala

Uma zishiywe ngaphandle kokudla, ama-parasite aqala ukonga izinsiza zawo ngokushintshela kumodi yokonga amandla. Ngalesi sikhathi, imisebenzi iyancipha futhi zonke izinqubo emizimbeni yazo ziyavinjelwa. Izimbungulu zingena esimweni esiphakathi phakathi kokulala nokulala okujulile - i-diapause, engahlala iminyaka engu-1-1,5.
Bayaqhubeka bephila, kodwa babukeka bengaphili. Umzimba wezinambuzane uba isicaba ngokuphelele, njengokungathi womile, futhi ulahlekelwa umbala wawo ocebile. Uma umthombo wokudla ungatholakali phakathi nesikhathi esishiwo, izimbungulu ziyafa. Kodwa-ke, ngokufika kwesisulu, ama-bloodsuckers aphila futhi aqhubeke ephila ngendlela evamile.

Ziphila isikhathi esingakanani izimbungulu ngaphandle kwegazi lomuntu

Izimbungulu zingaphila ngaphandle kwegazi lomuntu kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-400. Kodwa isikhathi sokuphila esiphezulu singenzeka uma ukungabikho kokudla kuhlangene nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa lomoya, okuvumela izinambuzane ukuba zinciphise i-metabolism yazo. Uma kungenjalo, isikhathi sizoba sincane.

Ngakho-ke, ekamelweni lokushisa +23 degrees, ama-parasites azophila ngaphandle kwegazi lomuntu isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu.

Kunini izimbungulu zihlala efulethini elingenalutho

Ukuhlala endlini engenalutho yezimbungulu kufana nokuhlala ngaphandle kokudla futhi kunesikhathi esifanayo. Ngenkathi kugcinwa izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile legumbi, izinambuzane zizohlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-60-90, futhi lapho kuncipha, kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-400, kuye ngesiteji sokuthuthuka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, esakhiweni sokuhlala, iqiniso lokuthola omakhelwane kufanele licatshangelwe.
Ngemva kokuhlala efulethini elingenalutho amasonto ambalwa, izimbungulu zifuna ukudla cishe zizoqala ukuthuthela endaweni entsha yokuhlala efulethini eliseduze noma ezindaweni ezivamile kanye nokuxhumana lapho kutholakala khona amagundane nezilwane ezingenamakhaya nezinyoni. isidleke. Ngakho-ke, izinkinga ngokudla kwezinambuzane endaweni yokuhlala enjalo azisoze zavela.

Ukuphila kwezimbungulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, isikhathi sokuphila se-bloodsuckers sithonywa kakhulu izimo zemvelo kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa lomoya phezulu noma phansi. Ngezici ezivumayo kakhulu, lesi sikhathi siba esiphezulu, futhi lapho imingcele iwohloka, iyancishiswa.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele

Uma izimo zasendlini zezimbungulu ziseduze nezikahle (ukushisa okunethezekayo, indawo ezungezile, umswakama, amandla angaphazamiseki, njll.), ama-bloodsuckers azohlala ngokuphepha futhi azale unyaka wonke, okungenani. Umjikelezo wempilo omude kakhulu kubantu abadala abavuthiwe ubonwa emazingeni okushisa angekho ngaphezu kwama-+20 degrees. Khona-ke isikhathi sabo sokuphila singaba unyaka nengxenye.

Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-disinfection

Ukucekela phansi isibalo sama-parasites kungaba umthelela wamakhemikhali anamandla. Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-disinfection, izinambuzane ezivuthiwe zihlala ziphila kusukela emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini eziyi-10. Kudingeka isikhathi esengeziwe ukuze kuqedwe amaqanda ezimbungulu. Ngisho noma ishaya ngokuqondile, akuwona wonke ama-insecticide abhubhisa umbungu. Kwamanye amasonto amabili, izibungu zingachanyuselwa emaqandeni, aqhubeke ethintana noshevu futhi afe. Kodwa ngokuvamile, ngemva kwenqubo yokubulala amagciwane, izimbungulu zingahlala endlini izinsuku ezingafika kwezingu-21. Leli gama lincike kusayizi wekoloni, ukwakheka nokugxila kwe-ejenti esetshenzisiwe, izimo zokucubungula.

ngaphandle komoya

Lapho ushintshela esimweni se-anabiosis, izinambuzane ziyeka ukudinga umoya, kodwa lapho zibuyela ekuphileni okugcwele, isidingo sazo somoya sanda ngokushesha.

Izinga lomswakama

Isikhathi esingakanani impilo ye-bloodsuckers izophinde incike kumswakama womoya. Ngamazinga angu-40-50%, izimbungulu zibhujiswa ngesikhathi esisebenzayo, futhi ngamanani angaphansi kuka-15-20% - esiteji esingasebenzi.

Ingabe izimbungulu namaqanda azo ziyafa lapho zibhekene namazinga okushisa ahlukene

Umphumela olimazayo emzimbeni we-bloodsuckers unokwenyuka okukhulu noma ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa:

  • emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku--7 degrees, amaqanda ahlala esebenza kuze kube yinyanga eyodwa nesigamu;
  • ngamanani asuka ku--15 kuya ku-20 degrees, abantu bangakwazi ukumelana namahora angu-24 ngaphandle kokulimala empilweni;
  • lapho evezwe emazingeni okushisa asuka ku--27 degrees nangaphansi, ukufa okusheshayo kwama-parasite kwenzeka;
  • lapho inani likhuphukela ku-+45 degrees, izimbungulu ziyafa ngemva kwemizuzu engu-45, kodwa kuze kufike ku-80% yezinambuzane zisinda, ezingaphezu kuka-+45 - izibungu, amaqanda nezinambuzane ezindala zifa ngokushesha;
  • ngokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kusuka ku-+60 kuya ku-30 ​​degrees, igobolondo leqanda ligcina ukusebenza kwalo.

Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa lomoya kuya kuma-degree angu-30 kusheshisa izinqubo ze-metabolic futhi kufinyeze ukuphila kwezinambuzane, kuyilapho kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwazo.

Odinga ukukwazi ukubulala izimbungulu

Ukuze ulwe ngokuphumelelayo nenani elikhulu lezinambuzane, ungasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obubizwa ngokuthi "inkungu eshisayo", ehlanganisa ukuveza izimbungulu ku-steam eshisayo, lapho kokubili abantu abadala kanye nezibungu befa. Ubuchwepheshe "benkungu ebandayo" busebenza ngendlela efanayo, kodwa kungase kudingeke ukwelashwa okukodwa noma okubili ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela ongcono kakhulu.

Kungani kunzima kangaka ukubulala imbungulu

Ngokuvamile Akunakwenzeka ukubhubhisa ama-parasites ngisho nalapho usebenzisa izinto ezinobuthi ngenxa yokuvela kokumelana nezinambuzane kuzo. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe njalo uhlobo lwe-insecticide esetshenzisiwe. Isibonelo, uma isidakamizwa esisekelwe engxenyeni evela eqenjini lama-pyrethroids sasisetshenziswe ngaphambili, khona-ke ngemva kwalokho kungcono ukuthatha i-organophosphorus compound noma i-neonicotinoids.

Izimbungulu zihlala isikhathi esingakanani endlini engenabantu?

Izimbungulu zifa ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo?

Izici ezilandelayo zinomthelela ekufeni ngokushesha kwezimbungulu:

Kuphela ngendlela ehlanganisiwe usebenzisa izindlela eziphumelelayo zokulawula ungakwazi ukuqeda unomphela izimbungulu.

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