Zizalwa kanjani izimpukane: uhlelo lokukhiqiza kabusha nokuthuthukiswa komakhelwane abangemnandi abanamaphiko
Umsebenzi obalulekile wezinhlobo eziningi ze-zokotuh uxhumene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nomuntu kanye nendlu yakhe. Lawa ma-parasite angabizwa ngokufanelekile ngokuthi acasula kakhulu. Kodwa uma wazi izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwezimpukane nokuthi zizala kanjani, ukuziqeda kuyoba lula kakhulu.
Okuqukethwe
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezimpukane nendawo yazo
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezi-3,5 zalezi zinambuzane emhlabeni. Okulandelayo yizona ezivame kakhulu.
Isilinganiso sempilo yezimpukane
Impilo ye-zokotukha ifushane, isikhathi sayo singahluka kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuye kwezingama-60. Umthelela omkhulu kubude besikhathi somjikelezo wokuphila usetshenziswa umbuso wezinga lokushisa. Lesi sinambuzane asikubekezeleli amazinga okushisa aphansi, noma kunjalo, abanye abantu bayakwazi ukusinda ebusika uma bethola indawo yokukhosela efudumele. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lezinambuzane yi-18-25 degrees.
Indlela izimpukane ezizalana ngayo
Izinambuzane ezindizayo ziningi kakhulu. Ngesizini eyodwa, abesifazane nabesilisa bayakwazi ukukhiqiza inani elikhulu lenzalo, futhi uma isibungu sivela eqandeni ngalinye elibekwe, izinambuzane beziyogcwala umhlaba kudala.
Izinambuzane zisho i-dimorphism yocansi. Isimiso sokuzala sempukane yesilisa sinezindlala ezisetshenziswayo, amasende namapayipi. Ezinambuzaneni zesifazane - amaqanda.
Inqubo yokuzalanisa izimpukane ayincikile ezimweni zemvelo: zenza ngendlela efanayo ekhaya nasezimweni zemvelo. Nokho, inani lenzalo ephilayo liyahluka. Emvelweni, ama-brood asengozini enkulu: izilwane zasendle, izinyoni, izimo zezulu ezimbi kanye nokuntuleka kokudla. Ekhaya, ithuba lokusinda likhulu, noma kunjalo, ngisho nalapho inzalo isengozini: umuntu uzama ukubhubhisa izinambuzane kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula kwakhe.
Owesifazane ovundile angahlukaniswa ngokuma komzimba: isisu sesinambuzane sinwebeka kakhulu, futhi ngemva kokukhwelana sishintsha ukuma, sibe yi-convex eyengeziwe. Kubantu abasha, isisu side futhi sincane.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwempukane evamile: izigaba eziyinhloko
Phakathi nokuphila kwazo, izinambuzane zihamba emjikelezweni wokuthuthuka ngoshintsho oluphelele. Izinyathelo zayo eziyinhloko zichazwe ngezansi.
ukubeka amaqanda
Impukane izalela amaqanda ayo ngokushesha nje ngemva kokukhwelana. Eqhutshwa umzwelo wemvelo kamama, ubheka ngokucophelela indawo efanelekile yokwakha - kufanele ibe nokudla okwanele kwezingane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isinambuzane sisebenzisa isitho esikhethekile sokuhogela, futhi, ngemva kokuthola indawo oyifunayo, siyizwa nge-proboscis yayo ukuze siqiniseke ukuthi ifanelana ngempela. Izici zangaphandle zamaqanda zincike ohlotsheni lwezinambuzane, kepha imvamisa zibukeka njengezinhlamvu zelayisi - umumo obude obuyi-oblong, ubude obuyi-1-2 mm, obumhlophe.
Izimpukane ziwabekelaphi amaqanda azo
Ukukhetha indawo ye-oviposition kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo ze-parasite. Kunezinhlobo ezibekela amaqanda phezu kwezilonda ezibhibhayo, ngaphansi kwesikhumba sezilwane nabantu.
Nokho, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zikhetha izindawo ezilandelayo:
- imfucuza yezilwane neyomuntu;
- udoti, imigodi yendle, imigqomo kadoti;
- izinkuni ezibolayo;
- izinsalela eziphilayo, ingcuba;
- izithelo nemifino ebolile;
- inyama nenhlanzi.
| Impukane izalela amaqanda amangaki | Isilinganiso senani lamaqanda ku-clutch eyodwa izingcezu eziyi-100-150, noma kunjalo, zingahluka kuye ngezinhlobo zezinambuzane. Abesifazane bazalela amaqanda angama-500-2000 ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo. |
| inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kweqanda | Eqandeni elibekwe owesifazane, isibungu esizayo siqala ukukhula ngokushesha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona kwe-yolk ngaphakathi kweqanda - isakhi esikhethekile somsoco. Iqanda likhula phakathi kwamahora angu-8-24. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, isibungu senziwe ngokugcwele: siba sikhulu futhi sithole isimo se-oblong. |
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezibungu
Kubantu, isibungu siyanyanyisa - siyisibungu esincane esimhlophe esimhlophe esinekhanda elimnyama. Ngemva kokuphuma eqandeni, impethu iqala ngokushesha ukumunca ukudla, ngenxa yokuthi intuthuko yayo ishesha. Njengomthetho, isinambuzane sondla ngokufaka into efanelekile. Imishini yakhe yomlomo ayikwazi ukumunca ukudla okuqinile, ngakho-ke i-substrate yezakhi kufanele ibe uketshezi. Isigaba sokuthuthukiswa sithatha izinsuku ezi-3. Ngalesi sikhathi, isibungu sikhula kakhulu ngosayizi futhi sishintsha umbala sibe mnyama.
Ukudla kwezibungu
Izibungu zezimpukane azikhethi ekudleni. Ukudla kwabo kuvame ukuba nemikhiqizo elandelayo:
- inyama ebolile nenhlanzi;
- imikhiqizo yemisebenzi ebalulekile yabantu nezilwane;
- imifino nezithelo ezibolayo;
- ukudla kwabantu.
Azinawo isimiso sokugaya ukudla kanjalo, ngakho ukugaya kwenzeka ngaphandle komzimba. Ukwenza lokhu, isinambuzane sifaka imfihlo ekhethekile enolaka ekudleni, ekwazi ukubola noma iyiphi into ephilayo, bese imunca ukudla okuwuketshezi.
fly chrysalis
Ngemva kokuphela kwesigaba sokuthuthukiswa, i-pupa ye-maggot pupas: igobolondo layo elivikelayo liyaqina futhi lenze i-puparia - icala elikhethekile lokuvikela. Ngaphakathi kwayo, ukuguqulwa okuphelele kwesinambuzane kwenzeka: izitho nezicubu zihlakazeka futhi izitho zesinambuzane esikhulile zenziwa. Ezinye izinhlobo zezimpukane ziyasinda ebusika njenge-chrysalis.
Ingabe zikhona viviparous izinhlobo zezimpukane
Emvelweni, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezizala izibungu eziphilayo. Ngalolu hlobo lokukhula, isibungu sivela eqandeni sisuka emzimbeni wensikazi.
Lezi zinhlobo zihlanganisa:
- i-tsetse fly;
- Indiza kaWolfart;
- grey drop fly.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akudingekile ukuthi isibungu esizalwa silungele ukuthuthela esigabeni se-pupal - kwezinye izimo, inambuzane ikhula amasonto ambalwa, bese i-pupates.
Izimo ezivumayo zokuthuthukiswa kwezimpukane
Izimo ezifanele zokuthuthukiswa kwezimpethu amazinga okushisa aphezulu - + 30-37 degrees kanye nomswakama 60-70%. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, isibungu sidlula kuwo wonke ama-molts nama-pupates ezinsukwini ezingu-3-4.
https://youtu.be/if7ZknYRv6o
Kwenzekani empukaneni ekwindla
Njengomthetho, ekupheleni kwesikhathi sasehlobo, ukuphila kwempukane nakho kuyaphela. U-90% wezimpukane uyafa ekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Ezinye izinambuzane zinenhlanhla eyengeziwe - zilala embhedeni noma zithole indawo yokuhlala efudumele lapho kuhlala abantu. Futhi, ezinye izinambuzane zikwazi ukundiza ziye ezindaweni ezinezimo ezivumayo, kuyilapho zikwazi ukunqoba amabanga afinyelela ku-20 km.
Ngaphambilini