Izimbungulu noma i-Hemiptera oda: izinambuzane ezingatholakala kokubili ehlathini nasembhedeni
Uhlelo lwe-Hemiptera luqukethe izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Ngaphambilini, izimbungulu kuphela zazithunyelwe kubo, manje sekufakwe nabanye abameleli. Zonke zihlukaniswa ezinye izici zangaphandle kanye ne-proboscis ehlangene. Lesi sakamuva isisetshenziswa somlomo esihlabayo sesiphazamisi sokubhoboza amagobolondo angaphezulu nokumunca uketshezi lwezakhi.
Okuqukethwe
Incazelo ejwayelekile yeqembu
I-Hemiptera izinambuzane zasemhlabeni noma zasemanzini ezine-metamorphosis engaphelele, umsebenzi wazo obalulekile odume ngokuhlukahluka kwazo. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-mycophages nama-parasites ezilwane ezinegazi elifudumele, i-herbivores kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye, izinambuzane zezolimo namahlathi. Bangahlala emanethini e-spider kanye ne-emby, ekujuleni nangaphezulu kwemithombo yamanzi. Okuwukuphela kwento abameleli be-detachment abakwazi ukukhuphuka ngaphakathi kwezicubu zokhuni futhi bafake i-parasitize emizimbeni yezinto eziphilayo.
Isakhiwo sangaphandle sezinambuzane
Lezi zinambuzane, njengomthetho, zinemibala ehlanganisiwe ekhanyayo, umzimba ophansi ophansi ukusuka ku-1 kuya ku-15 cm ubude, nezimpondo ezinezigaba ezingu-3-5. Eziningi zinamapheya amabili amaphiko agoqeka phansi lapho ziphumule. Amaphiko angaphambili aguqulwa abe yi-semi-elytra, ngokuvamile engekho ngokuphelele. Izitho zivame ukuhamba, futhi kubantu basemanzini - ukubhukuda nokubamba.
Isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-Hemiptera
Abanye abantu bangaziqhayisa ngesisetshenziswa sezwi, ikakhulukazi esithuthukiswe kuma-cicadas. Zinemigodi ekhethekile esebenza njenge-resonator. Ezinye izinambuzane zikhiqiza imisindo ngokuhlikihla i-proboscis emaceleni noma emabeleni azo.
Ukudla kwe-Hemiptera
Izinambuzane zidla ikakhulukazi igazi, imikhiqizo yezitshalo, imfucumfucu yezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-hemolymph.
Iningi labameleli be-oda libonakala ngokudla i-cell sap nezingxenye zezitshalo eziqhakazayo, okusanhlamvu nezihlahla zezithelo. Ezinye izinhlobo zimunca ujusi wamakhowe nama-fern nge-proboscis yawo.
Abanye abantu bathanda izinambuzane ezincane nezibungu zazo. Emihlathini engezansi yalawa ma-hemipteran kunezitayela ezinamazinyo ezisika futhi zihuqe izicubu zenyamazane. Izimbungulu zamanzi zidla izinhlanzi ezithosiwe kanye noshobishobi.
Indlela yokuphila yezinambuzane
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo, kukhona abameleli abanendlela yokuphila evulekile futhi efihliwe, abahlala ngaphansi kwamagxolo esihlahla, amatshe, emhlabathini, njll. Isibonelo, inani elikhulu lezinsikazi zase-Sternorrhyncha lihlala lihlala, linamathele esitshalweni esibambayo. Kukhona futhi ama-parasites amaningi ahlala njalo noma esikhashana embuthweni, ukulunywa kwawo okungaba buhlungu futhi kube yingozi.
| I-Commensalism kanye ne-inquilinism | Ama-Inquilines nama-commensal atholakala emaqenjini ahlukene we-hemipterans. Ezinye zihlala ngokuzihlanganisa nezintuthwane nezintuthwane, ezinye zihlala ngokuhlangana okunesibopho nomuhlwa. Abamele i-Embiophilinae bahlala kuma-emby webs, futhi abantu be-Plokiphilinae bahlala kumanethi wesicabucabu. |
|---|---|
| Indlela yokuphila emanzini | I-Hemiptera, ezwa kahle ebusweni bamanzi, isebenzisa amadivaysi akhethekile ngesimo somzimba ongamanzi kanye nezidladla. Lezi zihlanganisa izinambuzane ezivela emndenini wezivunguvungu kanye ne-infra-order Gerromorpha. |
| Indlela yokuphila yasemanzini | Amaqembu amaningana ezimbungulu ahlala emanzini, okuhlanganisa: ofezela bamanzi, i-Nepidae, i-Aphelocheiridae nezinye. |
I-hemiptera izala futhi ithuthuke kanjani
Ukuzalana kulezi zinambuzane kwenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene. Isibonelo, ukuzalwa okuphilayo, i-heterogony, i-polymorphism kanye ne-parthenogenesis kwenziwa phakathi kwama-aphid. Izimbungulu azikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngokuzala okuphezulu kakhulu. Ezinsikazi zazo zizalela amaqanda angaba ngamakhulu amabili anekepisi ekugcineni, lapho kuphuma khona isibungu esifana nesomuntu omdala. Nokho, kukhona nezinhlobo ezizalayo ngokwazo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezibungu kuqhubeka ngezigaba ezinhlanu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi sokuguqulwa sibe isinambuzane esivuthiwe sihluka kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-14 kuya ezinyangeni ezingu-24.
Indawo yokuhlala yaseHemiptera
Abameleli beqembu basatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke. Izinambuzane eziningi zigcwele eNingizimu Melika. Kulapho ama-specimens amakhulu ahlala khona.
Izinhlobo ezivamile zezinambuzane ezivela ku-oda i-Hemiptera
I-semi-coleoptera edume kakhulu yilezi: izimbungulu (iziduli zamanzi, ama-smoothies, i-belostomy, izimbungulu ezinukayo, izilwane ezizingelayo, izimbungulu, njll.), ama-cicadas (ama-pennitsy, ama-humpbacks, ama-lantern, njll.), ama-aphid.
Izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kweHemiptera kubantu
Kubantu, izimbungulu ziyingozi kakhulu. Izinambuzane ezihlala emvelweni zilimaza izitshalo, kodwa phakathi kwazo kukhona nezinhlobo eziwusizo ezidlayo ezifuywa ngokukhethekile ukuze zivikele isivuno. Lezi yizi: i-podizus, i-macrolofus, i-pikromerus, i-perillus ne-bug-soldier.
Ngaphambilini