Zidlani izinyosi futhi ziphila kanjani amaflaya anomsindo
Ngenkathi efudumele, kanye nezinyosi, ama-bumblebees nawo abamba iqhaza emvuzweni wezitshalo. Zinkulu kakhulu kunezihlobo zazo, futhi zihluke kuzo ngesakhiwo somzimba. Kodwa ukubukeka kwazo okukhulu futhi okwesabekayo akufanele kwethuse - ama-bumblebees enza okuhle kakhulu kunokulimaza.
Okuqukethwe
- Ibukeka kanjani i-bumblebee: isithombe
- Incazelo yalesi sinambuzane
- Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-bumblebees
- Zihlala kuphi izinyosi
- isidleke se-bumblebee
- Ukukhiqiza
- Umjikelezo wokuphila
- Yiziphi izinyosi eziwusizo
- i-bumblebee ihlaba
- Izitha ze-bumblebees
- Amaqiniso e-Bumblebee athakazelisayo
- Inani le-Bumblebee
- isiphetho
Ibukeka kanjani i-bumblebee: isithombe
Incazelo yalesi sinambuzane
Igama: izinyosi
Isi-Latin: IbhomuIbanga: Izinambuzane - isinambuzane
Isigcawu: Hymenoptera - Hymenoptera
Umndeni: Izinyosi zangempela - Apidae
 | Izindawo zokuhlala: | ingadi nengadi yemifino, izimfunda, izimbali |
 | Izici: | izinambuzane zomphakathi, impova ezinhle |
 | Zuza noma ulimaze: | luwusizo ezitshalweni, kodwa luhlaba abantu |
I-bumblebee ithole igama layo emsindweni ohelezayo noma obhuzayo ewenzayo ngenkathi indiza. Lesi sinambuzane somphakathi esakha ikoloni elisha njalo ngonyaka.
Amathunzi
Inyosi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Izinambuzane zalolu hlobo zinezinhlobonhlobo zemibala yomzimba, ehlanganisa imigqa emnyama noma emnyama futhi ekhanyayo ephuzi, ebomvu, empunga noma ewolintshi. Abanye abameleli banombala onsundu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Umbala we-bumblebees uncike ebhalansi phakathi kokufihla kanye ne-thermoregulation. Uhlobo ngalunye lwesinambuzane lunombala walo othize womzimba ezingahlukaniswa ngalo. Abesifazane bakhulu kancane kunabesilisa. Ubude bomzimba wesifazane busuka ku-13 kuya ku-28 mm, owesilisa usuka ku-7 kuya ku-24 mm.
Isakhiwo nobukhulu
Ikhanda lezinsikazi lide, kanti eleduna linonxantathu noma eliyindilinga.
Ama-mandibles anamandla, inyosi iyakwazi ukuququda emicu yezitshalo eyisebenzisayo ukwakha izidleke.
Amehlo awanabo uboya, abekwe umugqa oqondile, izimpondo zabesilisa zinde kancane kunezabesifazane.
Izinyosi zine-proboscis ende ezivumela ukuthi ziqoqe umpe ezitshalweni ezine-corolla ejulile.
Isisu sabo asigobilenga phezulu; ekugcineni, ezinsikazi kanye nezinyosi ezisebenzayo zinezimbongolo ngendlela yenaliti, ngaphandle kwamanotshi. Inyosi ihlaba inyamazane, futhi udosi luyasibuyisela emuva.
Lesi sinambuzane sinamapheya angu-3 emilenze, abesifazane “banobhasikidi” emilenzeni ukuze baqoqe impova.
Umzimba wabo umbozwe uboya obusiza isinambuzane silawule izinga lokushisa lomzimba waso futhi impova eningi inamathela kuzo. Umzimba we-bumblebee uminyene futhi uyasinda, amaphiko asobala, amancane, ahlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili.
I-bumblebee yenza imivimbo engu-400 ngomzuzwana, isigamu samaphiko sihamba ngokuhambisanayo, futhi singafinyelela isivinini esingamamitha angu-3-4 ngomzuzwana.
Питание
Izinambuzane zidla umpe nempova, eqoqwa ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo. Izinyosi zisebenzisa umpe noju ukuze ziphakele izibungu zazo. Ekubunjweni kwayo, uju lwe-bumblebee luhlukile kuju lwezinyosi, kodwa luwusizo kakhulu, nakuba lungeqinile futhi alumnandi futhi lunephunga elimnandi.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-bumblebees
Ama-bumblebees ahlala ezifundeni ezihlukene futhi ayahluka ngosayizi nombala womzimba. Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezinjalo:
- inyosi yomhlaba;
- itshe;
- idlelo;
- emadolobheni;
- ingadi;
- inkambu;
- umgodi;
- inyosi ebomvu;
- isiliva;
- ubulembu;
- umbazi we-bumblebee;
- i-cuckoo bumblebees.
Zihlala kuphi izinyosi
Ama-bumblebees ayakwazi ukuphila ezindaweni ezibandayo, futhi ezindaweni ezishisayo kuba nzima kakhulu ukuba aphile ngenxa yezinto ezingavamile ze-thermoregulation yazo. Izinga lokushisa lomzimba we-bumblebee lingakhuphukela ku-+40 degrees, ngenxa yokuthi ibamba ngokushesha imisipha ye-pectoral, kodwa amaphiko awanyakazi.
Lona ngumthombo womsindo omkhulu. Uma iduma kusho ukuthi iyafudumala.
Lezi zinambuzane zitholakala emvelweni kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinyosi ziphila ngale kwe-Arctic Circle, eChukotka, e-Alaska, naseGreenland. Zingatholakala futhi:
- e-Asia;
- I-South America;
- Afrika;
- Australia;
- E-New Zealand;
- INgilandi.
isidleke se-bumblebee
Isidleke ngaphezu komhlaba.
Izinambuzane zakha izindawo zazo zokuhlala ngaphansi komhlaba, phansi noma egqumeni. Uma izinyosi zihlala eduze kwabantu, zingakha izidleke zazo ngaphansi kophahla, endlini yezinyoni, emgodini.
Isidleke sivamise ukumise okwembulunga, kodwa kuya ngembobo esikuyo. Ama-bumblebees ayakha ngotshani obomile, utshani nezinye izinto ezomile, eziqinisa nge-wax, ekhishwa ezindlala ezikhethekile esiswini.
Ukukhiqiza
Izinyosi ziyizinambuzane zomndeni.
Umndeni we-bumblebee wakhiwe yindlovukazi, abesilisa kanye nezinyosi zezisebenzi. Uma kwenzeka okuthile endlovukazini, izinsikazi ezisebenzayo zingabekela amaqanda.
Umndeni uhlala isizini eyodwa kuphela, kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla. Ingaba nabantu abayi-100-200, kwesinye isikhathi ingaba nkulu kakhulu - abantu abangafika ku-500. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinyosi zinganikeza izizukulwane ezi-2, lezi i-meadow bumblebee kanye ne-Bombus jonellus, ehlala eningizimu yeNorway. I-Bombus atratus ihlala endaweni yoMfula i-Amazon, imindeni engaba khona iminyaka eminingana.
Esidlekeni sama-bumblebees, imisebenzi isatshalaliswa phakathi kwamalungu omndeni:
- isibeletho sizalela amaqanda;
- ama-bumblebees asebenzayo, amancane ngobukhulu, anakekele izibungu, alungise ingaphakathi lesidleke futhi aqaphe;
- abantu abakhulu bandizela ukudla futhi balungise indawo yokuhlala ngaphandle;
- amaduna ayadingeka ukuze avundise izinsikazi, andiza aphume esidlekeni futhi awabuyeli kuso.
Umjikelezo wokuphila
Izigaba zokukhula kwe-Bumblebee:
- iqanda;
- isibungu;
- i-chrysalis;
- omdala (imago).
Ekupheleni kwehlobo, indlovukazi ibeka amaqanda, lapho kuzovela khona abesilisa nabesifazane abancane, okuvundiswa abesilisa. Lezi zinsikazi zizosinda ebusika futhi zizale isizukulwane esisha ngonyaka olandelayo.
Yiziphi izinyosi eziwusizo
I-bumblebee iyi-pollinator enhle kakhulu.
Izinyosi zithulisa impova ezitshalweni ezihlukene, zindiza zisuka embalini ziye ezimbalini ngokushesha kunezinyosi futhi zithuthele izitshalo eziningi. Ziphinde zindiza ngaphandle esimweni sezulu esipholile, lapho izinyosi zingasuki esidlekeni.
Ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa le-ambient liphansi kakhulu ebusuku, izinyosi zihumuzela kakhulu ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa. Kodwa isikhathi eside kwakukholelwa ukuthi ngale ndlela ama-bumblebees angena emsebenzini ekuseni futhi abize ozakwabo kuwo. Eqinisweni, yile ndlela ezishisa ngayo.
i-bumblebee ihlaba
Ama-bumblebees awanawo ulaka, awaqali ukuhlasela. Ezinsikazi kuphela ezilumayo futhi zingaluma kuphela lapho zivikela isidleke sazo, noma lapho zisengozini. Ubomvu, ukulunywa kuvame ukuvela endaweni yokulunywa, futhi inyamalala phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-1-2. Futhi kubantu abaningi, ukuluma akuyona ingozi.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukusabela okweqile kwenzeka.
Izitha ze-bumblebees
Ama-bumblebees anezinwele ezesabekayo anezitha ezimbalwa ezingakwazi ukuzingela.
- Izintuthwane zilimaza kakhulu izinyosi, zidla uju, zintshontshe amaqanda nezibungu.
- Ezinye izinhlobo zeminyovu zintshontsha uju futhi zidle izibungu.
- I-Canopy fly phezu kwempukane inamathisele iqanda kwi-bumblebee, okuvela kuyo ubuso obuncane, futhi idla inyosi yayo.
- Inzalo yama-bumblebees ibhujiswa isibungu sovemvane i-amophia.
- Inyoni edla izinyosi esagolide icofa izinyosi eziqoqa umpe.
- Izimpungushe, ama-hedgehogs nezinja zizobhubhisa izidleke.
- Izinyosi zeCuckoo zigibela ezidlekeni zezihlobo zazo futhi zizilimaze.
Amaqiniso e-Bumblebee athakazelisayo
- Ukuze uchithe ubusika, insikazi imba i-mink futhi ifihle kuyo, kodwa bese ikhohlwa ngaleli khono futhi entwasahlobo isebenzisa izimbobo ezenziwe ngomumo emhlabathini ukuze isidleke sayo.
- Izinyosi zikhuliswa emapulazini akhethekile. Zisetshenziselwa ukuthulisa impova kwezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezifana ne-legumes kanye ne-clover.
Izinyosi ziyi-pollinator.
- Abanye abathanda ukuzilibazisa bazalanisa izinyosi futhi baqoqe uju, olunempilo kunoju lwezinyosi.
- Ekuseni, kuvela inyosi yecilongo esidlekeni, ehlokoma kakhulu. Abanye babecabanga ukuthi yile ndlela avusa ngayo umndeni, kodwa kamuva kwavela ukuthi ekuseni umoya uyabanda futhi i-bumblebee izama ukufudumala ngokusebenza kanzima ngemisipha ye-pectoral.
- Ngaphambilini, kwakukholelwa ukuthi ngokwemithetho ye-aerodynamics, i-bumblebee akufanele indize. Kodwa isazi sefiziksi esivela e-USA safakazela ukuthi i-bumblebee ayindizi ngokuphambene nemithetho ye-physics.
Inani le-Bumblebee
Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva inani lezinyosi liye lehla. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:
- Ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kwama-insecticides, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza.
- Lapho akha isidleke, ama-bumblebees avame ukundizela emagcekeni, awakwazi ukuphuma noma afe.
- Abantu ngokwabo banciphisa inani labantu lapho indawo enezinambuzane iba yingozi noma iphazamiseka.
isiphetho
Izinyosi ziyizinambuzane ezinenzuzo ezithutha impova ezitshalweni ezihlukahlukene. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-300 zazo, zihlukile komunye nomunye ngobukhulu kanye nemivimbo emzimbeni. Bahlala e-Amazon nangale kwe-Arctic Circle.
Ngaphambilini