I-stag beetle: isithombe senyamazane nezici zayo zebhungane elikhulu kunawo wonke
Izwe lezinambuzane lihluke kakhulu futhi abameleli balo abashaya kakhulu amabhungane. Ezinye zazo ziyakwazi ukuhlanganisa ngokuphelele nemvelo, kanti ezinye zidwetshwe ngemibala ekhanyayo kangangokuthi kunzima kakhulu ukungaziboni. Kodwa, omunye wabameleli bebutho laseColeoptera, wakwazi ukugqama ngisho naphakathi kwesixuku esinjalo "i-motley". La mabhungane anzima kakhulu ukudida nanoma ubani, futhi abantu bawaqamba igama - izinduna.
Okuqukethwe
- Libukeka kanjani ibhungane lendluzele
- Ubani ibhungane lendluzele
- Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwe-stag beetle
- Indawo yokuhlala amabhungane endluzele
- Indlela yokuphila yamabhungane endluzele kanye nokubaluleka kwawo emvelweni
- Indlela amabhungane asebenzisa ngayo izimpondo zawo
- Isimo sokulondolozwa kwe-stag beetle
- isiphetho
Libukeka kanjani ibhungane lendluzele
Ubani ibhungane lendluzele
Igama: bhungane lendluzele
Isi-Latin: U-Lucanus cervusIbanga: Izinambuzane - isinambuzane
Isigcawu: I-Coleoptera - i-Coleoptera
Umndeni: Stags - Lucanidae
 | Izindawo zokuhlala: | zisabalele |
 | Kuyingozi ku-: | akulimazi |
 | Izindlela zokubhubhisa: | udinga ukuvikelwa |
Indluzele: ukwakheka kwebhungane.
Amabhungane okuthiwa ama-stag beetles avela emndenini we-comb-beetle noma we-stag beetle. Isici esiyisici salezi zinambuzane ama-mandibles ane-hypertrophied kwabesilisa, angaphandle afana kakhulu nezimpondo zenyamazane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwabesifazane, le ngxenye yomzimba ayithuthukisiwe kakhulu.
Abamele abakhulu bomndeni we-stag bangafinyelela ubude obuyi-9-11,5 cm, kucatshangelwa "izimpondo". Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, umbala womzimba wezinyamazane zezinyamazane uthola imithunzi elandelayo:
- mnyama;
- umbala;
- nsundu;
- i-orange;
- igolide
- eluhlaza.
Izimpondo zezindluzele zincane, zinde, zinenduku emise okwekama ekugcineni. Emaceleni ekhanda kunamehlo amabili ayinkimbinkimbi, kanti phakathi nendawo kunamehlo amathathu alula. Izitho ze-stag beetles zinde futhi zizacile. I-tibiae ye-pair yangaphambili inamachashazi awolintshi agqamile akhiwe izinwele eziningi ezimfushane, kuyilapho i-tibiae ye-posterior pair inamazinyo ayisici.
Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwe-stag beetle
Umjikelezo wokuphila we-stag beetle.
Ngaphambi kokuba kuzalwe ibhungane lendluzele, lihamba ibanga elide, elingathatha iminyaka emi-4 kuye kweyisi-8. Lapho, ubude bayo bempilo esiteji se-imago ngokuvamile amaviki angu-2-3 kuphela.
Ukuze kube nempumelelo yokukhwelana, izimpungushe zidinga amahora ambalwa, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho, eyeduna kusamele iqhudelane nensikazi. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezimbangi kwenzeka ngosizo lwama-mandibles amakhulu futhi umgomo wawo awukona ukubulala, kodwa kuphela ukugingqa isitha emhlane waso.
Amaqanda
Amaqanda ebhungane lezinyamazane.
Ngemva kokuba owinile etholakele futhi ukukhwelana okuphumelelayo sekwenzekile, insikazi izalela amaqanda angamashumi amabili nambili. Ukuze anikeze izibungu zesikhathi esizayo ngesisekelo sokudla, uhlomisa igumbi elihlukile leqanda ngalinye ngokhuni olubolayo. Ngokuvamile, insikazi ikwenza lokhu ngaphakathi kweziqu ezibolile, iziphunzi noma izimbobo.
Amaqanda amabhungane alo mndeni makhulu impela, aphuzi ngokuphaphathekile, amise okweqanda. Ububanzi bawo bungafinyelela ku-2-3 mm. Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, ukuphuma kwesibungu esakhiwe eqandeni kwenzeka cishe emavikini angu-3-6.
ULerva
Umzimba wesibungu upendwe omhlophe, futhi ikhanda lihlukaniswa nombala onsundu-owolintshi noma ophuzi-obomvu ohlukile. Imihlathi yesibungu ithuthukiswe kahle kakhulu, evumela ukuthi ikwazi ukubhekana kalula nokunambitheka kwayo okuthandayo - izinkuni ezibolile.
Izibungu zebhungane lezinyamazane.
Izitho zesibungu nazo zithuthukile, futhi zinesakhiwo esifanayo nobude. Kukhona amazinyo emathangeni emilenze ephakathi, kanye ne-protrusion ekhethekile kuma-trochanters we-back pair. Ndawonye, lezi zitho zomzimba zesibungu zakha isitho sokuqina esizivumela ukuthi zenze imisindo ekhethekile. Ngosizo lwale misindo, izibungu zingakwazi ukuxhumana nomunye nomunye.
Ukudla kwamabhungane esikhathi esizayo kuhlanganisa kuphela izinkuni ezibolayo, lapho isikhunta sesivele sivele khona. Amagatsha anempilo kanye neziqu zezihlahla azithintwa yilezi zinambuzane. Kujwayelekile kakhulu izibungu zendluzele zingatholakala ngaphakathi kwezimpande ezibolayo noma iziqu izihlahla ezinjalo:
- i-oak;
- i-beech;
- i-elm tree;
- i-birch;
- umnyezane;
- i-hazel;
- umlotha;
- ubhabhulini;
- Linden.
Esigabeni sezibungu, isinambuzane sichitha ngokwesilinganiso iminyaka engaba ngu-5-6, kuye ngesimo sezulu. Isibonelo, intuthuko ingaphazanyiswa kakhulu isithwathwa esinamandla noma isomiso eside. Ngaphambi kokuba izibungu zikhule, ubude bomzimba wayo bungafinyelela ku-10-13,5 cm, futhi ububanzi bungaba ngu-2 cm.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isisindo se-larva enjalo singaba ngamagremu angu-20-30.
Idoli
I-pupa yebhungane.
Inqubo yokuzala iqala maphakathi nekwindla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-larva ihlela kusengaphambili ikamelo elikhethekile - i-cradle. Ukwakha "imbeleko", isinambuzane sisebenzisa amapulangwe, inhlabathi kanye nendle yaso.
Igumbi elinjalo litholakala ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi ekujuleni kuka-15 kuya ku-40 cm. Ubude be-stag pupa bungafinyelela ku-4-5 cm. Umuntu omdala ngokuvamile uphuma ku-cocoon ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
Indawo yokuhlala amabhungane endluzele
Izinhlobo ezehlukene zomndeni wezinyamazane zisakazwa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke. Lamabhungane angatholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Ensimini yaseRussia, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 zezindluzele, futhi edume kakhulu phakathi kwazo yibhungane lendluzele. Izinambuzane zalolu hlobo zivame ukuhlala emahlathini nasemapaki. Ungahlangana nabo ezindaweni ezilandelayo:
- I-Voronezh;
- I-Belgorod;
- Kaluga;
- Lipetsk;
- Orlovskaya;
- Ryazan;
- Kursk;
- I-Voronezh;
- I-Penza;
- eSamara;
- Tula;
- eMoscow;
- Isifunda saseKrasnodar;
- IRiphabhulikhi yaseBashkortostan.
Indlela yokuphila yamabhungane endluzele kanye nokubaluleka kwawo emvelweni
Isikhathi sokusebenza kwezinyamazane sincike kakhulu ezimweni zezulu ezihlala kuzo. Ezifundeni ezipholile, ezisenyakatho, ukundiza kwalezi zinambuzane kuqala kamuva futhi amabhungane atholakala ikakhulukazi kusihlwa. Kodwa izindluzele ezihlala eduze naseningizimu zivuka kusenesikhathi ngemva kokulala ebusika futhi zisebenza emini kuphela.
Kokubili ibhungane lensikazi neleduna lingandiza, kodwa amaduna andiza kaningi.
Ukuze "izimpondo" zazo ezinamandla zingaphazamisi ibhalansi, ngesikhathi sokundiza, izinambuzane zibamba imizimba yazo cishe ngokuqondile.
Ngenxa yobunzima bomzimba, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuthi amabhungane asuke endaweni evundlile, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile akwenza lokhu ngokugxuma ezihlahleni noma ezihlahleni. Izindiza ezihamba amabanga amade ziyivelakancane kakhulu, kodwa uma kunesidingo, zingahamba ibanga elifinyelela ku-3000 m.
Ibhungane lisuka egatsheni.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwezibungu zala mabhungane ukhuni oseluqalile ukubola. Ngenxa yalokhu kudla, izinambuzane zibhekwa njengenye yezinhlelo eziyinhloko zehlathi. Bacubungula izinsalela zezitshalo futhi basheshise izinqubo zokubola kwazo. Lokhu kunomthelela ekucebiseni umhlabathi ngezinto eziwusizo kanye nezakhi zokulandelela.
Ngokuqondene nabantu abadala, imenyu yabo iqukethe ubisi lwesihlahla, ngakho-ke bavame ukutholakala emagatsheni awonakele ezihlahla noma izihlahla. Izibungu noma amabhungane ezindluzele azilimazi ezihlahleni ezinempilo. Futhi, ngokungafani nomuhlwa, izindluzele aziwuthinti ukhuni lobuchwepheshe.
Indlela amabhungane asebenzisa ngayo izimpondo zawo
Ipheya yezimpondo.
Inhloso enkulu yalezi zimbangi ezinkulu ukulwa nezimbangi zowesifazane noma umthombo wokudla. Izindluzele zesilisa zihlala zihlaselana futhi, zibona isitha esingase sibe khona emkhathizwe, ngokushesha zigijimela ukuhlasela.
Phakathi ne-duel, abesilisa bavame ukuzama ukubamba isitha sabo ngosizo lwe-mandibles futhi bamphonse esihlahleni. Ekulweleni owesifazane, umgomo oyinhloko ukuphendulela umphikisi emhlane wakhe.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwe-stag beetle
I-stag beetle iyingxenye ebalulekile ye-ecosystem futhi iletha izinzuzo ezinkulu emvelweni. Okwamanje, inani labameleli balo mndeni lihlala lincipha ngenxa yokugawulwa kwezihlahla ezigulayo nezibolayo, kanye nangenxa yokuthunjwa kwezinambuzane ngabaqoqi.
Ama-Stags asevele anyamalala emazweni amaningi aseYurophu futhi afakwe ohlwini lwe-Red Books yaseRussia, e-Ukraine, eBelarus naseKazakhstan.
isiphetho
Ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi, izinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo sezizoshabalala, futhi inani lamanye amabhungane aphuma emndenini wezindluzele nalo liye lancipha kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuhlangana nalo mhlali wasehlathini ongavamile, akufanele umphazamise, ngoba isintu sesimbangele izinkinga eziningi.
Ngaphambilini