Imikhaza ye-Ixodid - abathwali bezifo: ingabe ukulunywa kwalesi silwane kuyingozi futhi kungaba yini imiphumela

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Imikhaza iyizinambuzane eziyingozi, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-60 zazo ezweni, kodwa imikhaza ye-ixodid kuphela ethwala izifo eziyingozi kakhulu, njenge-encephalitis, i-tularemia, i-Lyme borreliosis nezinye izifo eziyingozi ngokulinganayo.

Indlela yokubona imikhaza ye-ixodid

Imikhaza ye-Ixodid ibukeka njengezinambuzane, kodwa ingeyomndeni we-arachnid, futhi ingabonwa yizici ezilandelayo:

  • umzimba unsundu ngokumnyama, onsundu noma onsundu ngokuphuzi, ubude obungu-0,1-0,7 cm, insikazi indlwana kancane kuneyeduna;
  • 4 amapheya emilenze;
  • hlala eduze nomhlabathi, ubeke amaqanda;
  • badla igazi lezilwane noma abantu, umkhaza ogxilile wanda izikhathi eziningana futhi uphenduka umpunga, akulula ukuwuchoboza.

Umkhaza we-Ixodid: isithombe

Imikhaza ye-Ixodid - kuyini

Imikhaza ye-Ixodid noma imikhaza eqinile yizilokazane ezihlala emaqeleni, emaqeleni asehlathini nasemahlathini otshanini obuminyene. Zidla igazi lezilwane nelabantu. Eyensikazi neyeduna ziyehluka ngosayizi, futhi ngokuthi isihlangu somhlane simboza wonke umzimba weduna, kowesifazane - isihlangu sivala umzimba ngo-1/3.

Thika i-ixodes: i-morphology

Imikhaza ye-Ixodid ingeyomndeni we-arachnid, umzimba wayo unomzimba ongahlukanisiwe, ikhanda, futhi unamapheya angu-4 emilenze.

Abesifazane nabesilisa bayehluka ngosayizi nombala.

Ezisikazi zibomvu-nsundu, abesilisa bampunga-nsundu noma abansundu ngokumnyama. Isihlangu esiqinile ngemuva simboza umzimba wesilisa ngokuphelele, futhi umzimba wesifazane - ngo-1/3. Abesifazane abadlayo banda ngosayizi kakhulu kunabesilisa. Umdwebo ukhombisa ukwakheka kowesifazane nowesilisa.

Ukwakheka kwemikhaza.
Izibungu zemikhaza ye-ixodid
Izibungu zomkhaza we-Ixodid ziphuma emaqandeni, zingaphansi kwemilimitha ngosayizi futhi zinamapheya amathathu emilenze. Izibungu zidla kanye, zibambelele kumagundane amancane futhi zanda izikhathi ezingu-10. Lapho sezidlile, ziwela otshanini obomile bese ziphenduka ama-nymphs.
Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwemikhaza ye-ixodid
Umkhaza udlula ezigabeni ezine zokukhula: iqanda, isibungu, inyonyane, omdala. Ukuthuthukiswa esigabeni ngasinye kwenzeka ngokushintsha komninikhaya, izibungu kanye nama-nymphs zidla izilwane ezincane, amagundane noma izinyoni, abantu abadala bafaka izilwane ezinkulu. Ubude besigaba ngasinye sokukhula buncike ekutholakaleni komthombo wokudla, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama wendawo yokuhlala.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwemikhaza ye-ixodid
Ukukhwelana kuvame ukuvela ekuqaleni kwekwindla, eyeduna ibheka insikazi lapho idla isilwane, imikhaza esundlekile kuphela. Eyeduna ingavundisa ezinsikazi eziningana bese iyafa. Insikazi evundisiwe, eyondlekile ifihla endaweni eseceleni ukuze ichithe ubusika. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaqanda ayavuthwa, futhi uwabekela entwasahlobo. Insikazi engavundisiwe, engene emlonyeni izalela amaqanda, okuphuma kuwo abesifazane kuphela.
Indlela yokuphila yomkhaza we-ixodid
Abantu abadala bahlala kudoti wotshani obomile, ezitshalweni, balinde inyamazane yabo. Ukuze bakhiqize inzalo, badinga ukudla ngegazi. Eyeduna ithola insikazi ngesikhathi idla isilwane bese zikhwelana. Iduna liyafa ngemva kokukhwelana. Insikazi evundisiwe iwela kude nomthombo wokudla, ikhule ngosayizi, futhi izalele amaqanda ayi-1000-2000. Entwasahlobo, kuvela izibungu, ezinamapheya angu-3 emilenze, futhi ngemva kokubola ziphenduka ama-nymphs futhi sezivele zinamapheya angu-4 emilenze.
ukuvuthwa kwe-arachnid
Ama-Nymphs, adlula izixhumanisi eziningana, aphenduke abantu abadala. Ngokudla okwanele, zonke lezi zigaba, kusukela ekuzalweni kuye ebudaleni, imikhaza idlula ngesikhathi esithile. Kodwa uma kungekho ukudla, bangakwazi ukuhlala be-overwintering esiteji sezibungu noma i-nymph futhi baqhubeke nokukhula kwabo ngenkathi ezayo uma kukhona umthombo wokudla.
Imikhaza ye-ixodid ilala kuphi futhi kanjani
Imikhaza ye-Ixodid ilala ubuthongo kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula. Zicasha otshanini obomile, emifantwini yamagxolo ezihlahla, phansi ehlathini, ezingqimbeni ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi, ezindaweni ezifudunyezwe kahle yilanga, ngaphansi kweqhwa eliwugqinsi.
Yiziphi izinyanga ezisebenza kakhulu imikhaza ye-ixodid?
Ngemva kobusika, imikhaza ivela lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngaphezu kwedigri engu-1, ezindaweni eziseningizimu ibonakala ngaphambili, ngoMashi futhi isebenza kuze kube nguJuni. Ngokuqala kokushisa, umsebenzi wabo uyancipha. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, zivela kamuva, ngo-April, futhi zisebenza kuze kube maphakathi noJuni. NgoJulayi nango-August, imikhaza isebenza ngokwesilinganiso, ngoSepthemba nango-Okthoba imikhaza ayisebenzi kangako.
Ihlala kuphi imikhaza ye-ixodid?
Imikhaza yamahlathi aseYurophu nemikhaza ye-taiga ibhekwa njengabathwali bezifo eziyingozi. Bathanda izindawo ezifudumele ezimanzi, ngakho-ke bavame ukutholakala emahlathini, ezingosini zehlathi ezigcwele utshani, izihlahla, ezindleleni lapho kutholakala khona izilwane kakhulu futhi abantu bayanyakaza.

Imikhaza ye-genus ixodes: izinhlobo

Phakathi kwezibungu, abanye abameleli bohlobo lwe-ixodex bayizilokazane zesikhashana ezimunca igazi.

Omunye wabamele imikhaza ye-ixodid umkhaza we-Pavlovsky, ohlala eMpumalanga Ekude, ngazo zonke izinkomba, ufana nomkhaza we-taiga, kodwa awuvamile kakhulu kunesihlobo sawo. Iphinde ibe umthwali wezifo eziyingozi.
Umkhaza wasehlathini waseYurophu uhlala ezindaweni eziningi zaseYurophu, ukwakheka komzimba kuhluke kancane kunomkhaza we-taiga. I-parasitizes kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo, ikakhulukazi ezinkulu. Ingumthwali wezifo eziyingozi.
Umkhaza we-taiga uhlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, umjikelezo wokuphila wenziwa phakathi neminyaka engu-2-3, ubusika buhlala esiteji sesibungu noma i-nymph. Zidla izilwane kodwa zinolaka kubantu. Uma ulunywa umkhaza onegciwane, ungathelela abantu nezilwane ngezifo eziyingozi.

Unya

Imikhaza ithwala amagciwane ezifo eziyingozi zezilwane nabantu, ezisakazwa ngokulunywa. Ngamathe, amagciwane ahlukahlukene namagciwane angena enxebeni. Ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zezwe, bathelela abantu nezilwane ngezifo ezinjalo: i-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza, i-Q fever, i-typhus ephethwe umkhaza, i-borreliosis nabanye.

Umkhaza we-Ixodid uyingozi kubantu
Amathe omkhaza aqukethe amaphilisi ezinhlungu, ngakho-ke abonakala kuphela uma emukelwe ngegazi. Kodwa kanye namathe, amabhaktheriya noma amagciwane angangena esilondeni kusuka kumkhaza onegciwane, okuzodala ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo esiyingozi.
Ingozi yemikhaza ye-ixodid ezilwaneni
Ngemva kokulunywa isilwane, izilwane zingenwa izifo ezihlukahlukene ezingalimaza izilwane. Kodwa abantu bangakwazi ukutheleleka kubo, isibonelo, uma uphuza ubisi olubilisiwe ezimbuzini noma izinkomo ezine-encephalitis.

isifo somkhaza we-ixodid

Imikhaza ye-Ixodid ingabathwali bezifo ezinjalo:

  • i-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza,
  • i-borreliosis, noma isifo se-Lyme,
  • i-tularemia, i-hemorrhagic fever,
  • babesiosis,
  • i-typhus,
  • i-relapsing tick fever nabanye.

Zonke lezi zifo zidala umonakalo omkhulu empilweni yomuntu, kanti ezinye zingaholela ngisho nasekukhubazekeni nasekufeni.

I-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza
Igciwane le-encephalitis elithwala umkhaza lingena emzimbeni womuntu lisuka kumkhaza onaleli futhi lithinte isimiso sezinzwa. Izimpawu zalesi sifo zivela emavikini angu-1-2 ngemva kokulunywa. Lokhu ukwanda kokushisa komzimba kuze kufike ku-38-40 degrees, ubuhlungu emisipha nasemalungeni, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu be-eyeballs, ikakhulukazi ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo. Ngokutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo, ukudlikizela, ukukhubazeka, i-coma ngisho nokufa kungenzeka.
Isifo se-Lyme esithwala umkhaza
Izinto ezibangela lesi sifo zingena emzimbeni womuntu lapho umkhaza uluma ngamathe. Isikhathi se-incubation sisukela ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuye kwezingama-30. Indawo emhlophe ibonakala endaweni yokulunywa enesikhungo esikhanyayo ngesimo sendandatho. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, indawo iyanda futhi kuvele izimpawu, njengomkhuhlane: imfiva, ukugula okujwayelekile, ikhanda elibuhlungu, imisipha kanye nobuhlungu bamalunga. Ngemuva kokulunywa komkhaza nokuvela kwezimpawu ezinjalo, kufanele kuhlolwe futhi kuqalwe ukwelashwa, ngaphandle kwalokho lesi sifo singase sibe esingamahlalakhona.
imikhuhlane
Ama-causative agents of fever amabhaktheriya eqembu le-rickettsia. Bangena emzimbeni womuntu ngamathe omkhaza, isikhathi sokufukamela sithatha izinsuku ezingu-5-10. Izimpawu zokutheleleka yilezi: ukushisa okukhulu, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ikhanda elibuhlungu, nobuhlungu bemisipha namalunga. Amachashazi amnyama avela endaweni yokulunywa, izimpawu eziyinhloko zokutheleleka ngemfiva.

Izinyathelo zokulawula

Njalo ngonyaka, inani elikhulu labantu liphendukela ezikhungweni zezokwelapha ngemva kokulunywa imikhaza. Izimuncagazi ezimunca igazi zithwala izifo eziyingozi kubantu nasezilwaneni.

Amakhizane aya ngokuya avela eduze nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu: emapaki, emigwaqweni emadolobheni amakhulu.

Abafuyi bezilwane baphawula ukwanda kwenani lezimuncagazi. Ngakho-ke, izinsizakalo zenhlanzeko zenza izinyathelo zokuqothula kanye nokuvimbela.

Imisebenzi yokulwa

Ezindaweni ezinomkhaza omningi, kusetshenziswa izindlela zamakhemikhali zokulawula izimuncagazi. Ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi, ochwepheshe benza imisebenzi elandelayo:

  • ukuhlolwa kwendawo;
  • ukulungiswa kwendawo ukuze icutshungulwe;
  • ukukhethwa kwezimali;
  • ukucubungula okuqondile kwendawo;
  • ukuhlola kabusha.

Ochwepheshe bakhetha amakhemikhali aphephile kubantu nasezilwaneni. Emsebenzini wabo basebenzisa izifutho zesimanje.

UKUTHOLA OKUKHULU. Imikhaza ye-Ixodid

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela

Imikhaza ihlala ezindaweni eziswakeme ezinotshani obukhulu. Ezindaweni lapho abantu bekhona, udinga ukugunda utshani njalo, ususe utshani obude, amaqabunga awile.

Umthombo wokudla wama-parasites amagundane amancane, ngakho ukulwa namagundane kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvimbela. Ezindaweni lapho kuvela khona amagundane, kusetshenziswa izilobo nezicupho, kodwa kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuqapha ukuze zingalimazi abantu nezilwane.

Ungazivikela kanjani kumkhaza we-ixodid

Lapho uhamba ngezinyawo noma ipikinikini emvelweni, lokhu okulandelayo kufanele kucatshangelwe: imikhaza ihlala otshanini obunzima futhi ilinde isisulu. Gwema izindawo ezimanzi ezinotshani obude, izihlahla. Ukuze uzivikele udinga:

  1. Khetha izingubo nezicathulo ezimboza umzimba ngangokunokwenzeka. Gqoka ihood noma isigqoko ekhanda lakho. Faka ibhulukwe emabhuzuni, qinisa imikhono ukuze umkhaza ungafinyeleli emzimbeni.
  2. Gcoba izinto zokuvikela ezikhethekile ezingutsheni nasemzimbeni ezizoxosha izimuncagazi.
  3. Ngezikhathi ezithile, zihlole wena kanye nalabo ophumula nabo ndawonye ukuze ubone ukuthi imikhaza ikhona yini. Zivame ukukhasa kusukela phansi kuya phezulu.
  4. Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, gubha kahle izingubo, ikakhulukazi amaphakethe, ama-folds, seams. Kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphandle kwesakhiwo.
  5. Ezindaweni lapho ukutheleleka kwe-encephalitis okubangelwa umkhaza kwenzeka njalo, izakhamuzi ziyagonywa.
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