Isikhathi sokusebenza kwemikhaza: yiziphi izimo ezithandwa yizinambuzane, nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani lapho uvakashela izindawo eziyingozi
Inani lama-bloodsuckers emvelweni likhula ngokuqhubekayo minyaka yonke. Isizathu salokhu ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, indawo yokuhlala ye-arthropods yandisa imingcele. Izikhathi lapho imikhaza isebenza iba yinde unyaka nonyaka. Kukho konke ukuphila, umuntu angase angalokothi ahlangane ne-arachnid esabekayo, ngisho nokuhlala edolobhaneni. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi ukuya epaki ukuphumula noma okunye ukuhamba ehlathini kuphetha ngemiphumela engathandeki neyingozi.
Okuqukethwe
- Imikhaza ivame ukuhlala kuphi?
- Ibukeka kanjani imikhaza isithombe
- Lapho imikhaza iyingozi kubantu
- Thika isikhathi somsebenzi: siqala nini futhi sithatha isikhathi esingakanani
- Isikhathi sokusebenza kwemikhaza esifundeni saseMoscow
- Thika umsebenzi ngezinyanga eSiberia
- Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokuvakashela izindawo nezindawo eziyingozi
- Thikha izinto zokuxosha ukuze ukhethe
Imikhaza ivame ukuhlala kuphi?
Kuyenzeka ukwazi ukuhamba ngokugwema indawo lapho imikhaza ihlala khona kakhulu. Abathwali bezifo ezithathelwanayo bahlala endaweni yehlathi lase-Eurasia. Ama-bloodsuckers ayingozi athanda izindawo ezimanzi nezifudumele.
Inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke itholakala emahlathini axubene anomthunzi, utshani obuminyene nasezihlahleni, ama-glade avundile abanzi, imihosha yehlathi nemihume, amahlozi asogwini.
Baphinde bagxile emaphethelweni ehlathi, ezindleleni, emigwaqweni yasepaki, eduze nemithombo yamanzi. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, izimuncagazi ziningi kakhulu kunakulo lonke ihlathi noma ipaki, futhi iphunga lezilwane nabantu abahamba kule mizila liyawaheha. Kunombono oyiphutha wokuthi ama-bloodsuckers awela ezihlahleni awela kubantu. Eqinisweni, i-arthropod iyakhasa isuka phansi iye phezulu, iye emahlombe nasekhanda.
Ibukeka kanjani imikhaza isithombe
Kulabo ababe nenhlanhla yokuthi bangalokothi bahlangane nama-parasites futhi abazi ukuthi imikhaza ibukeka kanjani, izithombe zikhethwa ngokuvumelana nomgomo wokusabalala okukhulu. I-Ixodids ingumndeni ojwayelekile wabathwali bezifo ezithathelwanayo eRussia (i-encephalitis ethwala umkhaza, i-borreliosis ethwala umkhaza, i-babesiosis, i-bartonellosis), abameleli bohlobo lwabo bafana ngaphandle.
Izici zomjikelezo wokuphila
Lapho ufunda isihloko, izici zomjikelezo wokuphila wama-parasite ziyathakazelisa. Banezigaba eziningana zokukhula: iqanda, isibungu, inyoni, umkhaza omdala.
Ezinye izinhlobo zikhula futhi zikhule endaweni eyodwa.
Lapho imikhaza iyingozi kubantu
Akunzima ukukhumbula lapho imikhaza iyingozi kubantu. Ama-parasites ayingozi kakhulu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo; avuka kanye nokuvuka kwemvelo.
- Ungayiletha ehlathini, emapaki edolobha nasezikweleni, kusukela emabhasini ezwe.
- Ungahlangana ne-bloodsucker ezinhlobonhlobo zezimbali, ezikhwameni ezinezinto zasehlobo. Bathwala izifo ezithathelwanayo ezinzima: i-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza, imfiva yokopha, isifo seLyme noma i-borreliosis.
I-Encephalitis iqala ngekhanda elibuhlungu, i-malaise evamile, ubuhlungu emalungeni, entanyeni. Umkhuhlane ongenzeka, isicanucanu. Kulokhu, udinga ukuya esibhedlela ukuze uthole usizo.
Thika isikhathi somsebenzi: siqala nini futhi sithatha isikhathi esingakanani
Ukuze uhambe ngokuthula endaweni enamahlathi, udinga ukufunda isikhathi somsebenzi wamakhizane: iqala nini futhi ihlala isikhathi esingakanani. Izinga lokushisa elithandekayo lemikhaza lingama-+20 degrees, umswakama - 80%. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile, kufanelekile ukulungiselela umhlangano nomunye wabo.
Ngokushesha nje lapho kufika intwasahlobo, isikhathi sokuhamba kwabantu abaningi, uhambo lwepikiniki, nohambo lokudoba luyaqala. Isikhathi lapho imikhaza ivuka isikhathi sokukhula kwamathuba okuthola izifo ezithathelwanayo ezivela kuma-arachnids. Bavuka ekushiseni kuka +1 kuya ku +3 degrees, baqale ukusebenza ngo +10.
Isiqongo sokuqala somsebenzi womkhaza siqala ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwama-primroses. Ihlala kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMashi-ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli kuya maphakathi noJulayi, okwesibili - kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba. Unyaka ngamunye lezi zikhathi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo sezulu. Ama-parasite asebenza kakhulu ekushiseni okumaphakathi kwansuku zonke kuka-+10 kuya ku-+20. Ngezinsuku ezinelanga, inani labo likhuphuka lisuka ku-8 liye ku-11 ntambama, futhi lisuka ku-17 liye ku-20 kusihlwa. Uma ubusika bokugcina bebuqhwa, inani lama-bloodsuckers liyancipha ngokuphawulekayo.
Ngokuqubuka kwamakhaza okuqala okuqhubekayo, kufika isikhathi lapho imikhaza ingasasebenzi. Uma isithwathwa siqala ngoSepthemba, bayaphephela, bangaphinde baphume ezindaweni zabo zokukhosela kuze kufike intwasahlobo. Uma isimo sezulu sifudumele, zisebenza kuze kube ngu-Okthoba-November. Isizukulwane sesibili semikhaza evela ngo-Agasti asisebenzi njengesokuqala. Izizathu zingokwemvelo: izinyoni nezilwane zidla ama-parasites, izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka futhi umswakama womoya uyancipha, abesifazane bayafa, futhi ama-arachnids amancane asesiteji sokuthuthukiswa. Inhloso yabo kuphela ukukhiqiza kabusha.
Abathwali abayingozi nabanakekeli bezifo banesimiso sabo esihlotshaniswa nomjikelezo wempilo kanye nezimo zezulu ezifanele.
Awukho umehluko osobala endleleni ama-parasite aziphatha ngayo ebusuku uma kuqhathaniswa nomsebenzi wasemini.
Isikhathi sokusebenza kwemikhaza esifundeni saseMoscow
Isikhathi sokusebenza kwemikhaza esifundeni saseMoscow siwela ezinsukwini ezifudumele kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Ngenxa yentwasahlobo yokuqala noma ekwindla efudumele, izinsuku zingashintsha. Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi we-parasite esifundeni saseMoscow liyashisa ngoJuni noJulayi. Ukucutshungulwa okuvamile kwezindawo ezingaba khona zokuqongelela i-arthropod kwenziwa ukuze kuncishiswe indawo, kodwa lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha azikwazi ukuvikela i-100%.
Thika umsebenzi ngezinyanga eSiberia
Umsebenzi wemikhaza ngezinyanga eSiberia uvezwa ngezansi, u-April-May no-August-September uhlala uphakeme ekusakazeni ama-parasite:
- umsebenzi ophansi - January, February, March, November, December;
- umsebenzi omaphakathi - Julayi, Okthoba;
- umsebenzi ophezulu April, May, June, August, September.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokuvakashela izindawo nezindawo eziyingozi
Ungazivikela kanjani emikhaza ngenkathi uhamba ngezinyawo
Izingubo zokuzivikela ziyindlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ngabashisekeli bangaphandle.
Amasudi akhethekile e-anti-tick ayenziwe ngendwangu eqinile, ahlanganisa ihembe nebhulukwe elinganikezi ukufinyelela emzimbeni ovulekile, ngaphandle kwalokho abizwa ngokuthi "encephalitis".
Emikhononi nasemilenzeni, kuthungelwa ama-cuffs athambile, aqinile, angavumeli isihuquzelayo singene ngaphansi kwesudi. I-hood ehembeni nayo ithungwe ngebhande lokunwebeka. Njenge-anti-tick, ungasebenzisa i-tracksuit evamile eneziphu. Kungcono ukukhetha umbala okhanyayo, kulula ukubona i-parasite emnyama kuwo.
- Nciphisa amathuba okuthi izilokazane zikhase ngaphansi kwezingubo, kusiza ukuhlola ngokushesha: faka ibhulukwe ebhuthini, amasokisi anebhande elinwebekayo eliqinile, ihood ekhanda, ibhantshi elifakwe ibhulukwe, izinkophe entanyeni, izingalo, imilenze ilingana kahle umzimba.
- Njalo emahoreni amabili, phatha isudi yokuzivikela ngezinto zokuxosha eziqukethe amakhemikhali axosha imikhaza, futhi izingxenye ezisobala zomzimba zigcotshwe ngokhilimu abafanayo.
- Hlola njalo ubuso bezingubo nomzimba njalo ngehora nesigamu ukuze uthole ukutholakala ngesikhathi, unake imibimbi.
Ukuvikela imikhaza endaweni engaphansi kwedolobha
Ukuvikela imikhaza endaweni engaphansi kwedolobha kuza ngokulandela imithetho:
- lapho usika izihlahla nezihlahla, susa amagatsha aphansi kuze kufike ku-50 cm ukusuka emhlabathini, qiniseka ukuthi izitshalo azihlangani nendlu ukuze i-bloodsucker ingabi nethuba lokukhuphuka endlini. Ama-parasites awandizi, adinga ukuphakama ukuze abambelele ezilwaneni;
- susa ngokucophelela imfucumfucu yezitshalo ngenkathi engekho, gunda utshani ngesikhathi;
- ukubiyela indawo kubantu ongabazi nezilwane zasendle;
- tshala izitshalo ze-insecticide kusayithi: I-Caucasian chamomile noma i-tansy, i-catnip, i-lavender, i-rosemary, i-garlic, i-marigolds, ifafaze isayithi kanye ngenyanga ngokufaka lezi zitshalo noma amakhemikhali;
- ama-parasites angakwazi ukucasha ngezimbali ezivela ezindlini zasehlobo ezilethwe edolobheni;
- zigome wena kanye nezilwane ngokumelene ne-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza;
- Ngemva kohambo, kuyisibopho ukuthi uzihlole wena nezilwane ezifuywayo.
Uma kwenzeka ukulunywa, i-bloodsucker eyingozi ingakhishwa kunoma yisiphi isikhungo noma umtholampilo wokuhlukumezeka. I-parasite ihanjiswa ukuze ihlaziywe, uma imiphumela ingavezi igciwane eliyingozi, ungakhohlwa ngokuluma. Uma kukhona ukutheleleka, kuzodingeka wenze inkambo yokwelashwa.
Thika ukuvikela edolobheni
Amacala okulunywa kwe-arachnid awabhalwanga kuphela emizaneni noma ezindlini zasehlobo, ukuvikelwa kuma-arachnids ayingozi kuhlala kubalulekile edolobheni.
Ama-parasite alinda inyamazane yawo ekuphakameni kuka-0,5-1 m ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba eduze kwezindlela, izindlela, okhunini olufile.
Umuntu empeleni akazizwa ukulunywa, kuphela ngosuku lwesibili noma lwesithathu indawo iba buhlungu. Ngokuvamile i-bloodsucker ikhetha ukuluma isikhumba sekhanda, indawo yendlebe, indawo ye-groin, izindololwane, izingalo nemilenze. Izenzo zokuvikela kuma-bloodsuckers edolobheni:
- khetha izingubo ezivaliwe ezinemibala ekhanyayo ezindaweni ezingaba khona ze-bloodsuckers;
- sebenzisa izidakamizwa;
- qaphela izihlahla ezinde notshani;
- susa zonke izinambuzane ezingutsheni njalo ngamahora amabili;
- ngisuka ohambweni ngiyokhumula ephaseji, aqalaze kahle.
Uma i-bloodsucker itholakala, xhumana nesibhedlela esiseduze ukuze isuswe futhi ingabi nalutho.
Thikha izinto zokuxosha ukuze ukhethe
Ngomshwalense omelene nama-parasites, kusetshenziswa izixosha imikhaza, ukuthi yikuphi ongakhetha akuwona umbuzo olula. Ngokusho kwesimiso sesenzo, izimali zihlukaniswa zibe ama-repellents (repel), ama-acaricides (ubuthi) futhi axutshwe. Ezinye zikhiqizwa ngamafutha abalulekile e-geranium, i-clove, i-eucalyptus, amanye asekelwe ekubunjweni kokwenziwa.
Izindlela zifika ngendlela yezifutho, ama-creams, ama-lotions, ama-emulsions, ama-wipes, amapensela, izitika.
Ezimpahleni, umphumela ovimbelayo wezidakamizwa uhlala isikhathi eside kunesikhumba. Lapho ukhetha i-repellent, kufanele ucabangele:
- ithuluzi kumele libe nesitifiketi sokubhaliswa kombuso;
- ulwazi ngenjongo, indlela yokufaka isicelo, izinyathelo zokuphepha zibekwe kulebula;
- ubude besikhathi somphumela wokuvikela wezimali.