Uchwepheshe uvuliwe
izinambuzane
portal mayelana nezinambuzane nezindlela zokubhekana nazo

I-Ixodes persulcatus kusukela ku-oda lemikhaza ye-ixodid: iyini i-parasite eyingozi futhi yiziphi izifo ezithwalayo

Umbhali walesi sihloko
Ukubukwa kwe-348
7 imiz. ukufunda

Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi ngemva kokuhamba entwasahlobo noma ehlobo, abantu bangathola umkhaza unamathele emzimbeni wabo noma ezifuyweni zabo. Lezi zilwane ezincela igazi zihlala emahlathini anotshani nasezihlahleni eziphansi. Imikhaza ye-Taiga ayinawo amehlo, kodwa ngenxa yemishini yezinzwa ethuthuke kahle, izwa inyamazane yayo eqhele ngamakhilomitha ayi-10. Ukulunywa kwemikhaza ye-taiga kuyingozi kubantu, njengoba bengabathwali bezifo eziyingozi, ikakhulukazi i-encephalitis.

Imikhaza ye-Taiga: incazelo

Umkhaza we-taiga ungowomndeni wemikhaza ye-ixodid. Ubukhulu bomzimba womkhaza olambile buyi-1-4 mm, ipendwe ngombala omnyama, onsundu noma obomvu. I-mite enegazi ingakhula ibe ngu-15 mm, iba nombala ompunga omnyama. Owesilisa nowesifazane bahluke kancane ngosayizi.

Umkhaza we-Taiga: isithombe

Umkhaza we-Taiga.

Umkhaza we-Taiga: isakhiwo

Umkhaza we-taiga awunamaphiko namehlo. Uqondiswe kahle phansi futhi uzwa isisulu sakhe endaweni eyi-10 km. Emzimbeni womkhaza kunamapheya angu-4 emilenze, ikhanda elimise okwe-wedge eline-proboscis encane ekugcineni okunomunyu obukhali, ngenxa yokuthi iluma kalula esikhumbeni futhi ingene ezicutshini futhi inamathele ngokuqinile. Lapho.

Umkhaza we-taiga wensikazi newesilisa uyahluka ngosayizi nangombala womzimba. Abesilisa abamnyama. Abesifazane babomvu, u-2/3 womzimba wabo wakhiwe ngamagobolondo anwebeka ngesikhathi sokuncelisa igazi.

Isibungu somkhaza singaba ngu-1 mm ubukhulu, sinamapheya angu-3 emilenze, ngemva kokusincibilika siphenduka inyoni enamapheya angu-4 emilenze. Usayizi womzimba we-nymph cishe u-2 mm. Ngemuva kokubola, i-nymph iba umuntu ovuthiwe ngokocansi.

 

Indawo yokusabalalisa nendawo yokuhlala komkhaza we-taiga

Umkhaza we-taiga utholakala emahlathini kuyo yonke indawo ye-taiga. Itholakala nasemahlathini ase-Altai, eNingizimu yeSiberia kuze kufike ePrimorye, eSakhalin, nasentshonalanga, indawo yokuhlala isuka eCentral Russia iye eBelarus nasezifundeni zaseBaltic. Emahlathini anezihlahla eziminyene, ezigcwele izihlahlana eziphansi notshani obuminyene, obufinyelela ku-1,5 metres ukuphakama. Emahlathini kaphayini nasespruce, imikhaza ingaphila uma imbozwe ukukhula okuminyene.
Uma amahlathi e-coniferous engenawo ukukhula futhi umhlabathi kuwo umbozwe kuphela ungqimba lwezinaliti ezomile eziwile, izimo ezinjalo azifaneleki ukuphila nokukhiqizwa kwemikhaza, futhi azivamile kakhulu ehlathini elinjalo. Imikhaza ye-Taiga ifuna inyamazane yayo emazingeni okushisa omoya angaphezu kuka-+10 degrees kanye nomswakama womoya ka-70-80%, kodwa lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphukela ku-+30 degrees, banciphisa umsebenzi wabo.
Ngokukhuphuka noma ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, imikhaza ingena ebusika kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokukhula futhi ilinde izimo ezivumayo ukuze iphume kulesi simo futhi iqhubeke nomjikelezo wabo wokuphila. Kodwa lezi zinambuzane azikwazi ukuhlala emahlathini kuphela, kodwa futhi eduze nemizi yabantu emapaki nezikwele ezilungiswe kahle. Ukuze ziphile futhi zizalane, zidinga utshani obuminyene kanye nezilwane noma abantu abazodla igazi. Ngakho bahlala balinde inyamazane yabo.

Umkhaza we-Taiga: ulwazi mayelana nezici zempilo

Umkhaza we-taiga iyi-parasite eyingozi engaba umthwali wezifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi kubantu nasezilwaneni. Ngakho-ke, ukwazi izici zokuphila kwakhe, ukwazi isikhathi somsebenzi wakhe, umsoco nokukhiqiza, kulula ukuzivikela kuye.

Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa komkhaza we-taiga

Ngemuva kobusika, lapho kuqala ukushisa, kuvela izibungu ezindala ezivuthiwe ngokocansi. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngo-April futhi kuqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-August, ekuqaleni kuka-September. Umkhaza we-taiga udlula ezigabeni ezi-4 zokukhula: iqanda, isibungu, i-nymph, umuntu omdala.

Ukukhiqiza

Entwasahlobo, insikazi evuthiwe ifuna isilwane esizodla igazi bese izalela amaqanda. Ukukhwelana kungenzeka kokubili etshanini nasesilwaneni insikazi edla kuso. Amaqanda avundisiwe avuthiwe, ngesinye isikhathi insikazi ingabekela amaqanda angaba ngu-2000, ngemva kwamasonto amabili kuvela izibungu kuwo.
Kodwa akuzona zonke izibungu eziphuma emaqandeni ezizokwazi ukuphila. Ngaphandle, zifana nabantu abadala, kodwa ezincane, umzimba wazo ufinyelela ku-1 mm ubude, futhi unamapheya angu-3 emilenze. Izibungu zidla umzimba wezilwane ezincane, zisondle, zikhumule futhi zidlula ama-molts amaningana, ziphenduka ama-nymphs, amancane kunezibungu, kodwa kakade zinemilenze emi-4.
Ngemva kokudla igazi, ama-nymphs aphenduka abantu abadala. Esigabeni se-nymph, zizohlala isikhathi esingangonyaka ngaphambi kokuba zikhiqize inzalo. Eyensikazi ejule, ngisho noma ingavundiswanga owesilisa, izalela amaqanda, okuphuma kuwo abesifazane kuphela.

Udlani umkhaza we-taiga?

Imikhaza ye-Taiga idla igazi, ngakho idla igazi lezilwane noma labantu. Izibungu ezincane zinamathela kumagundane amancane, izinyoni, ama-nymphs amakhulu kunezibungu futhi akhetha izilwane ezinkulu njengezisulu zazo. Abantu abadala badla igazi lezilwane ezinkulu, imfuyo, negazi labantu.

Imikhaza iyingozi kubantu nasezilwaneni.

Izitha zemvelo zemikhaza ye-taiga

Emvelweni, imikhaza izingelwa izinyoni, izicabucabu, izibankwa, abagibeli, iminyovu, izibankwa namaxoxo. Abanye bayawadla, abanye bazalela amaqanda kuwo. Imikhaza inezitha ezanele endaweni yayo, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukwenza izinyathelo eziningi zokulwa nama-parasite, njengoba ezinye izilwane, izinyoni nezinambuzane zingase zife. Imikhaza itheleleka ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zesikhunta, bese ibulawa yilezi zifo.

Wazini ngomkhaza we-taiga?

Yini eyingozi umkhaza we-taiga kubantu

Imikhaza enamagciwane abathwali bezifo eziyingozi kubantu. Uma, ngemva kokulunywa, ekubonakalisweni kokuqala kwesifo, ungahambi esikhungweni sezokwelapha ngesikhathi, ungenzi ukuhlolwa futhi ungaqali ukwelapha, khona-ke imiphumela ingaba engathandeki. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lokhu kungaholela ekukhubazekeni noma ngisho nasekufeni.

Bite Izici

  1. Njengoba ubambelele kulowo ohlukunyeziwe, umkhaza ufuna indawo lapho unganamathela khona futhi udle igazi.
  2. Ngosizo lwe-proboscis, ngaphakathi kwayo okunemihlathi, iluma esikhumbeni futhi ibambelele ezicubu. Ikhanda lomkhaza we-taiga elimise okwe-wedge lingena kalula ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
  3. Uma ulunywa, amagciwane namagciwane, amagciwane ezifo eziyingozi, athwalwa imikhaza, angena esilondeni ngamathe e-parasite.
  4. Amathe omkhaza aqukethe amaphilisi ezinhlungu, futhi ukulunywa akubuzwa ubuhlungu, ngakho-ke ungaqaphela kuphela i-parasite lapho ingena esikhumbeni ngekhanda layo.

Kufanele ngenzenjani uma ngilunywe umkhaza

Uma umkhaza onamathele utholakala emzimbeni, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuzama ukuwususa ngokuphelele, uphathe isilonda, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi udlulisela i-parasite ephila elabhorethri ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo. Uma ungeke ukwazi ukukususa ngokwakho, khona-ke kungcono ukuxhumana nesikhungo sezokwelapha nalapho udokotela onolwazi angakhipha umkhaza.

Ungawuthola kanjani umkhaza emzimbeni futhi uwususe

Umkhaza, uwela kumuntu, uyehla wenyuka ubheke lapho unganamathela khona. Kudingeka uzihlole ngokucophelela wena nalabo abaseduze ukuze uthole imikhaza. Uma esevele ebambelele, akunzima ukukhipha umkhaza uwedwa. Ungayikhipha ngezindlela ezimbili:

  1. I-parasite kufanele ibanjwe ngama-tweezers ngekhanda, eduze nomzimba ngangokunokwenzeka, bese iphenya, ikhiphe kancane kancane. Zama ukuyikhipha ngokuphelele futhi uphile.
  2. Ngosizo lwentambo: xhuma intambo ezungeze umzimba womkhaza bese uyibopha ibe ifindo, welula izintambo emaceleni, kancane kancane ukhiphe umkhaza.

Indawo yokulunywa ingasulwa ngotshwala, igcotshwe nge-iodine noma eluhlaza okotshani. Faka umkhaza engutsheni eswakanyiswe ngamanzi bese uwupakisha esitsheni esinesivalo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi kube khona ukungena komoya bese uzama ukuwugcina uphila.

Ungawuthathaphi umaki ukuze uhlaziywe

Ngemva kokukhipha umkhaza, kufanele uyiswe elabhorethri ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Qiniseka ukuthi uyakhumbula noma ubhale phansi usuku i-parasite eyasuswa ngalo. Ukuze uqhube isifundo, umaka udingeka uphila.

Amathikithi kufanele ahanjiswe ephila ukuze ahlaziywe.

Ungazivikela kanjani wena nabantu obathandayo

Ukuze ungangenwa isifo esiyingozi ngokulunywa umkhaza, udinga ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuzivikela zamakhemikhali. Ezinye zazo zihloselwe ukucekela phansi izimuncagazi, ezinye ziyabethusa.

Ama-Acaricides nama-repellents

Ama-Acaricidal-repellent agents abhekwa njengathembekile kakhulu, abulala ama-parasites futhi avikele ekuhlaselweni kwesibili isikhathi esithile.

Kunezindlela ezikhethekile zokuvikela abantu noma izilwane ezifuywayo. Eklanywe ngokukhethekile amalungiselelo asebenzayo okutshalwa komhlaba.

Ama-Acaricides wezingubo

Izingubo eziphathwe nge-acaricidal agent zizovikela ekuhlaselweni yizinambuzane. Lapho uthinta izingubo, umkhaza uyakhubazeka futhi ekugcineni uyafa. Izingubo kufanele ziphathwe ngesifutho noma i-aerosol endaweni enomoya omuhle.

Izingubo zokuzivikela

Kodwa akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthenga izingubo ezikhethekile zokuzivikela, lapho uya emvelweni, udinga ukukhetha izingubo ezinombala okhanyayo ezizomboza umzimba ngangokunokwenzeka, faka ibhulukwe ezicathulweni. Kungcono ukukhetha izingubo zangaphandle nge-hood, eqiniswe nge-drawstring, qinisa ama-cuffs ehembeni noma ejazini.

Imithi yokugoma

Ezifundeni lapho izimo zokutheleleka nge-encephalitis ngemva kokulunywa komkhaza kuvame ukubonwa, kunikezwa imigomo. Ukugoma kwenzeka ngezigaba ezintathu.

Ukugoma okujwayelekile kwenzeka ngezigaba ezintathu: ukugoma kokuqala nokwesibili kunikezwa ngezikhathi ezithile zezinyanga ezingu-1-3, okwesithathu - izinyanga ezingu-9-12 emva kwesibili.

Izinyathelo zokulawula

Lokhu kuhlanganisa izindlela eziqondile zokususa nokubulala imikhaza, kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela.

Imisebenzi yokulwa

Ukwelapha amahlathi kanye nezindawo eziseduze, ama-insecticidal kanye nama-acaricidal agents asetshenziswa. Balima insimu. Ochwepheshe abanolwazi basebenzisa amakhemikhali, beqaphela izinyathelo zokuphepha. Isikhathi sokwelashwa yizinyanga ezi-1-2, futhi lapho izibungu zivela futhi, ziyaphindwa.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela zihlanganisa:

  • ukususa izindawo ezikhungweni ezifile, izihlahla, izindawo zokulahla udoti eduze nezindawo zokuhlala;
  • ukwelashwa kwezingubo ngemishini yokuzivikela;
  • ukugoma ezindaweni ezinobungozi;
  • ukuhlolwa okuvamile kokutholakala kwemikhaza engutsheni, emzimbeni;
  • ukuhlolwa kwezilwane ngemva kokuhamba.
Ngaphambilini
AmathikithiIzenzo zokulunywa komkhaza womuntu: ukusesha nokususwa kwe-parasite engabonakali kanye nosizo lokuqala
Okulandelayo
izimbungulu zombhedeIngabe izimbungulu ziyingozi: izinkinga ezinkulu ngenxa yokulunywa okuncane
Супер
1
Kuyathakazelisa
1
-Indzaba
0
Izingxoxo

Buza uchwepheshe

Siyabonga!

Sizoshicilela ulwazi maduze.

Ngaphandle Kwamaphela

×