Indawo ebomvu ngemva kokulunywa komkhaza iyaluma futhi ilume: luyingozi kangakanani uphawu lwe-allergic empilweni yomuntu nempilo.
Imikhaza ithwala amagciwane ayingozi angadala ukugula okubi kakhulu. Kodwa noma ngabe i-parasite ayizange itheleleke, ukuhlangana nayo kungabangela imiphumela engathandeki. Abantu abaningi abazwani nokulunywa imikhaza.
Okuqukethwe
Ubukeka kanjani umkhaza
Abantu abavakashela izindawo ezinamahlathi ngenkathi efudumele kudingeka bazi ukuthi lesi silwane sibukeka kanjani ngaphandle ukuze basihlukanise kwezinye futhi sithathe izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi.
Imikhaza ye-Ixodes iyingozi kubantu - ithwala izifo ezibulalayo.
Le subspecies inezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200. Bonke abameleli bayo bayafana ngokubukeka: umzimba oyisicaba, ovoid, ikhanda elincane, izidladla eziyi-8. Umkhaza ogcwele igazi ukhuphuka ngosayizi.
Izici zokulunywa komkhaza
Ngaphandle, ukulunywa akuhlukani nokulunywa kwesinye isilwane. Indawo yokumunca ayinabuhlungu, njengoba isinambuzane sijova isibulali-zinzwa ngesikhathi singena, kuvela ububomvu obuyindilinga.
Kuyingozi kangakanani ukulunywa wumkhaza
Ngemva kokungena, i-parasite inamathela futhi iqala ukuphuza igazi lesisulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukutheleleka kungena emzimbeni wakhe. Amagciwane athwalwa imikhaza ahlanganisa:
- i-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza;
- I-Omsk hemorrhagic fever;
- Umkhuhlane we-hemorrhagic waseCrimea;
- umkhuhlane onamabala;
- i-erlichiosis;
- i-tularemia.
Indawo yokulunywa umkhaza iyaluma futhi ibomvu
Ukubonakala kokusabela ekulunyweni kuncike ezintweni eziningana: izici zomuntu ngamunye eziphilayo, ukuba khona kokungezwani komzimba emlandweni.
Iqhubu lapho okulunywe khona umkhaza
I-bump encane (i-papule) endaweni yokulunywa yindlela evamile yokusabela uma inyamalala phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-1-2. Ukuphikelela kophawu kungase kubonise ukutheleleka ngesifo esithathelwanayo noma eminye imiphumela emibi.
| Kungani kuvela amaqhubu | Izizathu zingase zihluke: isibonelo, ukutheleleka nge-Lyme isifo noma i-encephalitis ethwala umkhaza ibonakala ngale ndlela. Umkhaza okhishiwe kufanele uthunyelwe ngokushesha elabhorethri ukuze uhlolwe ukuze isisulu sokulunywa sithole ukwelashwa okudingekayo ngesikhathi. |
| Uma umkhaza wawungatheleleki, izimbangela zezimvu zamanzi | Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukwakheka kophawu akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Izizathu zingase zibe mnandi kakhulu. |
| Ngemuva komkhaza, iqhubu lihlala: ukungezwani komzimba | Isigaxa endaweni lapho elunywe khona i-parasite singase sibe ukungezwani komzimba. Umkhaza ubhoboza isikhumba somuntu ohlukunyeziwe, ujove amathe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akudingekile ukuthi amathe atheleleke, ngisho nangefomu oyinyumba, angabangela ukungezwani komzimba. |
| Ukuqina ngemva kokulunywa umkhaza: ukusabela komzimba (izibungu zihlala ngaphansi kwesikhumba) | Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-papule ingase yakheke uma i-bloodsucker ingasuswanga kahle futhi ikhanda layo lihlala ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Lokhu kungenxa yesenzo sokuzivikela komzimba, esilahla amaprotheni angaphandle. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukubonakala kokuvuvukala kanye nobomvu akufakiwe. |
| Ukuqhuqha ngemva kokulunywa umkhaza kubantu: ukutheleleka kwenxeba elivulekile | Ukutheleleka kwesibili kwesilonda kungase kwenzeke. Isinambuzane siphula isikhumba, isilonda esiphumela sibe yisango lokungena lamagciwane. Uma ukutheleleka kungene emzimbeni, inqubo yokuvuvukala iyenzeka, ukubukeka kwe-suppuration akubandakanyi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kosizo lwezokwelapha. |
Imiyalo yokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngemva kokulunywa umkhaza
Uma i-parasite itholakala emzimbeni, kuyadingeka ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha. Lokhu kuzogwema imiphumela emibi kakhulu yezempilo.
Izimpawu zezifo eziyingozi uma ulunywe umkhaza
Isikhathi se-incubation sezinye izifo singaba yizinsuku ezingu-25, ngakho-ke ngalesi sikhathi kuyadingeka ukuqapha ngokucophelela isimo sesisulu se-parasite.
Encephalitis
Ngokwesilinganiso, lesi sifo sizibonakalisa phakathi kwamaviki angu-1-2, kodwa isikhathi sokufukamela siyizinsuku ezingu-25. Izimpawu zokutheleleka nge-encephalitis ethwala umkhaza zihlanganisa:
- ukwanda kokushisa komzimba kuze kufike kuma-degrees angu-40;
- ikhanda elibuhlungu ikakhulukazi emathempelini nasesifundeni esingaphambili;
- ukujuluka, ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga;
- ukuba ndikindiki kwamaphethelo, ukudlikizela, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.
Isifo seLyme
I-Borreliosis (isifo seLyme) inezigaba ezi-3, ngasinye esibonakala ngezimpawu ezithile. Isigaba sokuqala yi-erythema migrans: ezinsukwini ezingu-3-30 ngemva kokulunywa, i-erythema (ubomvu) ivela emzimbeni.
Ngokungafani nokusabela okweqile, i-erythema ayinciphi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa iyanda kuphela.
Imvamisa, iba luphaphathekile phakathi nendawo futhi igqame emaphethelweni, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi ihlala iyi-tint ebomvu efanayo. Isigaba sesibili salesi sifo siwuhlobo olujwayelekile lwakuqala. Ibonakala ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukwephulwa kwesimiso sezinzwa: ukukhubazeka kwe-nerve ebusweni, i-meningitis;
- ukwephulwa komsebenzi wenhliziyo: ukwephulwa kokuqhutshwa kwenhliziyo, i-lime carditis;
- izifo zamehlo: conjunctivitis, keratitis;
- i-lymphocytoma;
- i-erythema efudukayo eminingi.
Izimpawu ezilandelayo ziyisici sesigaba sesithathu (semuva) sesifo seLyme:
- ukuphazamiseka okukhulu emsebenzini wesimiso sezinzwa;
- izifo zesikhumba;
- i-arthritis yamalunga amakhulu.
Njengamanje, isigaba sesithathu se-borreliosis siyinto engavamile. Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sitholakala kalula futhi iziguli zithola ukwelashwa ngesikhathi.
I-Monocytic ehrlichiosis
Ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi kwe-ehrlichiosis akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo azicacisiwe, zivame ukuphutha ngokubonakaliswa komkhuhlane ovamile.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-monocytic ehrlichiosis:
- ukukhathala, ukukhathala;
- amakhaza, imfiva;
- ikhanda, ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga;
- ubunzima bokuphefumula;
- ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso sokugaya ukudla, ukuntula ukudla;
- ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph node;
- ukuqubuka kwesikhumba.
Uma kungekho ukwelashwa, izimpawu ezimbi kakhulu ziyabonakala: ukudideka, ukungasebenzi kahle kokuxhumana, ukudlikizeka, ukulimala kwesibindi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nge-ehrlichiosis, izinga lamaplatelet egazini liyancipha kakhulu, elingabangela ukopha okukhulu.
Ngaphambilini