Sithole 18 amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana martins
Idolobha laseDelishon
Le nyoni encane ivame ukuhlala ezidlekeni ebusweni bezakhiwo zabantu. Nakuba eqaphile phakathi kwabantu, akanamahloni futhi uyakwamukela ukuba khona kwabo.
Ihola indlela yokuphila yasemoyeni ejwayelekile, cishe ayikaze yehlele phansi. Okuhlukile ngesikhathi sokwakha isidleke, lapho kufanele aqoqe ukungcola phansi ukuze asebenze njengempahla yokwakha. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalela, ichitha ubusuku ezihlahleni eduze nabanye abameleli bezinhlobo zayo. Njengoba kufanele inkonjane, izinkonjane zindiza ngobuhlakani kakhulu, zichitha amahora amaningana ngosuku zindiza futhi zithola ukudla ngesikhathi sokundiza kuphela. Baziswa abantu ngokuphumelela kwabo ekubambeni izinambuzane.
1
Inkonjane evamile inyoni yomndeni we-swallow-tailed.
Lo mndeni uhlanganisa cishe izinhlobo ezingama-90 zezinyoni ezivela ezizukulwaneni eziyi-19. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-subspecies zegwinya, nakuba okwamanje kukhona impikiswano mayelana nokuthi umuntu kufanele athathwe njengohlobo oluhlukile.
2
Itholakala e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Afrika, kodwa ububanzi bayo buhlukaniswe phakathi kwezinhlobo ezintathu zale nyoni.
I-Eurasian subspecies (D. u. urbicum) itholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kuhlanganise neScandinavia, nase-Asia Ephakathi kuya eNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Ubusika e-sub-Saharan Africa. I-Mediterranean subspecies (Du meridionale) ihlala ezindaweni ezisogwini loLwandle iMedithera e-Morocco, Tunisia nase-Algeria, kanye naseningizimu yeYurophu kanye nasentshonalanga-maphakathi ne-Asia. Ubusika base-Afrika naseNingizimu-Ntshonalanga ye-Asia. Izinhlobo ezincane zase-Asia (D. u. lagopodum) zihlala e-Asia Ephakathi (eMongolia naseShayina), ubusika buseNingizimu China naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
3
Indawo engcono kakhulu yenkonjane yezindlu yizindawo ezivulekile ezimbozwe uhlaza oluphansi. Incamela izindawo ezinokufinyelela emanzini.
Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi ngeke itholakale ezindaweni ezinezintaba noma zasemadolobheni.
Inkonjane yendlu itholakala ezintabeni kuze kube ukuphakama okungamamitha angu-2200. Ayinamahloni njengenkonjane yesibaya futhi ihlala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezakhiwe ngokuminyene, kodwa ezinamazinga aphansi okungcola komoya. Idlula ubusika ezindaweni ezifana nezindawo zayo zokuzalela.
4
Ziyakwazi ukundiza kahle njengezinye izinkonjane.
Bangakwazi ukuchitha amahora amaningana ngosuku emoyeni. Baziwa ngekhono lazo lokuhamba emoyeni, okuvamise ukusindisa izimpilo zabo ezingozini zezinyoni ezidla inyama. Ngokungafani nezinkonjane, ukundiza kwazo kusebenza kakhulu kunokuntweza, futhi uphahla lwazo luphakeme.
5
Lena inyoni efudukayo, ngemva kokuphela kwenkathi yokuzala iya endaweni yayo yasebusika.
Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, amankonjane avame ukuhamba ngamaqembu.
6
Lolu uhlobo lwezinambuzane olubamba inyamazane indiza.
Isilinganiso sokuphakama ezizingela kuso singamamitha angama-21 (endaweni yokuzalela) kanye namamitha angama-50 (endaweni yobusika), futhi indawo yokuzingela ivamise ukuba phakathi kwebanga elingamamitha angama-450 ukusuka esidlekeni. Izisulu ezivame kakhulu ze-swallows yizimpukane nama-aphid, futhi ezindaweni zasebusika - izintuthwane ezindizayo.
7
I-Asian subspecies (i-Du lagopodum) ibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukene zokugwinya.
Kodwa-ke, okwamanje kubhekwa ngokusemthethweni njenge-subspecies yokugwinya.
8
Lezi yizinyoni ezincane, ubude babantu abadala buyi-13 cm.
Ubude bamaphiko enkonjane busukela ku-26 kuya ku-29 cm, kanti isisindo sayo esijwayelekile singama-18.3 g.
9
Ingaphezulu lekhanda nomzimba kuyinsimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umphimbo nezingxenye zangaphansi kumhlophe.
Amehlo alezi nkonjane ansundu, uqhwaku luqondile futhi luncane, lumnyama, nemilenze inombala obomvana.
10
Lezi zinkonjane azinayo i-dimorphism yocansi.
Kokubili umbala nesisindo sabo bobabili ubulili kuyafana.
11
Ngokuya ngobubanzi, isikhathi sokuzala singaqala ngasekupheleni kukaNdasa (Afrika) noma phakathi noJuni (enyakatho yeScandinavia).
E-Poland, ngokuvamile ngo-April-May, lapho ukwakhiwa kwesidleke kuqala. Agxunyekwe odongeni ngaphansi kweshalofu eliphumile. Ngaphambili, ama-swallows ayakhe izidleke emigedeni nasemadwaleni, kodwa ngokufika kwezakhiwo azijwayela ukuhlala ezindongeni zawo.
12
Insikazi izalela amaqanda angama-4-5 ku-clutch, kanti ama-swallows amabili angakhiqiza ama-clutch amabili noma amathathu ngonyaka.
Zimhlophe futhi zilinganiselwa ku-19 x 13,5 mm. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-14-16, amatshwele achanyuselwa futhi ahlale ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwabazali bawo amasonto amathathu kuya kwayi-3. Izinga lokukhula kwazo linqunywa izimo zezulu.
13
Kuyenzeka amankonjane ahlangane nezinkonjane.
Phakathi kwawo wonke ama-passerines, lesi esinye seziphambano ezivame kakhulu ze-interspecific.
14
Bobabili abalingani bakha isidleke.
Iqukethe udaka olufakwa ezingqimbeni. futhi ilayishwe ngezinto ezithambile ezifana nezinwele, utshani noboya. Indawo yokungena itholakala ngaphansi nje kwendawo evundlile, phezulu esidlekeni, futhi ubukhulu bayo buncane kakhulu.
15
Lezi zinyoni zivame ukwakha izidleke emakoloni.
Ngokuvamile kukhona ngaphansi kwezingu-10 zazo, kodwa kunezimo ezaziwayo zokubunjwa kwamakoloni alezi zinkonjane, lapho inani lezidleke liyizinkulungwane.
16
Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwezigwinya ezivamile endle iminyaka emi-4 kuya kwemi-5.
Nokho, bangaphila isikhathi eside kakhulu, ezimweni ezivumayo - kuze kube yiminyaka engu-14.
17
Inani labantu baseYurophu lalezi zinyoni lilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-20 kuya kwezingu-48.
Ngokwezifundo ezivela ku-2013-2018, inani labantu basePoland lilinganiselwa ku-834 1,19 abantu. abantu abangafika ezigidini ezingu-XNUMX. Izingozi ezinkulu kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zezilwane ukuncintisana nondlunkulu abavamile, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye nokuntuleka kokungcola, okuyimpahla yokwakha izidleke zabo, okubangelwa isomiso.
18
Akulona uhlobo olusengozini yokushabalala, kodwa livikelwe ngokuqinile ePoland.
I-International Union for Conservation of Nature ibala inkonjane njengohlobo Olungakhathazeki Kancane.
Amaqiniso anentshisekeloAmaqiniso athakazelisayo ngenkonjane
OkulandelayoAmaqiniso anentshisekeloAmaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nama-crustaceans
