Sithole 17 amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nama-albatross
Abaphathi be-Gliding
Ama-Albatross aphakathi kwezinyoni ezinkulu kakhulu ngokwehlukana kwamaphiko. Azikhathali ekundizeni, zihamba amakhilomitha angamakhulu ukusuka kolunye usebe lolwandle ziye kolunye, zintweza. Bangase bahambe izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka bengazange bavakashele izwe. Baphila isikhathi eside futhi bethembekile kumlingani wabo. Zihlala ezindaweni ezinomoya omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni futhi zingatholakala cishe kuzo zonke izilwandle zomhlaba.
1
Ama-Albatross abomndeni wezinyoni zasolwandle ezinkulu - ama-albatross (i-Diomedeidae), i-oda lezinyoni ezinamakhala ngamapayipi.
Amakhala e-Piper anezici zesici:
- uqhwaku olukhulu olunamakhala ashubhu okukhishelwa kuwo usawoti oweqile,
- lezi ukuphela kwezinyoni ezisanda kuzalwa (ulwanga lweselula kanye nokuncipha kwengxenye kwamanye amathambo) ezinomuzwa omuhle wokuhogela,
- khulula into enephunga elimnandi,
- izinzwane ezintathu zangaphambili zixhunywe ngewebhu,
- Ukundiza kwazo phezu kwamanzi kuyantweza, futhi ukundiza kwazo phezu komhlaba kuyasebenza futhi kuhlala isikhashana.
2
Ama-Albatross achitha isikhathi esiningi sempilo yawo ngaphezu kolwandle nolwandle oluvulekile.
Zitholakala phezu kwe-Southern Ocean (i-Antarctic Ocean, i-Southern Glacial Ocean), i-southern Atlantic kanye ne-Indian Oceans, kanye nolwandle olusenyakatho naseningizimu yePacific. Esikhathini esidlule, i-albatross nayo yayihlala eBermuda, njengoba kufakazelwa izinsalela ezatholwa lapho.
3
Kunezinhlobo ezine emndenini we-albatross: Phoebastria, Diomedea, Phoebetria kanye neThalassarche.
- I-Phoebastria ihlanganisa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo: i-dusky-faced, black-footed, i-Galapagos kanye ne-albatross enomsila omfushane.
- Kuhlobo lwe-Diomedea: i-royal albatross kanye ne-albatross ezulazulayo.
- Ohlotsheni lwe-Phoebetria: i-albatross ensundu kanye ne-dusky.
- Kuhlobo lwe-Thalassarche: ama-albatross anekhanda eliphuzi, anekhanda elimpunga, ansundu-mnyama, anangaphambili amhlophe, anekhanda elimpunga, anekhanda elimpunga nangemuva elimpunga.
4
I-Albatross inomzimba oyisitokisi ubude obungama-71-135 cm.
Zinoqhwaku olukhulu olunomphetho okhonjiwe namaphiko amade kodwa amancane.
5
Lezi zinyoni zivame ukuba mhlophe ngombala omnyama noma onsundu.
Ama-albatross kuphela ohlobo lwe-Phoebetria anombala ofanayo omnyama.
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Ngokukamagazini i-Thermal Biology, ucwaningo lwakamuva lwe-drone lunikeze incazelo engalindelekile yemfihlakalo yombala wamaphiko e-albatross.
Amaphiko e-Albatross amhlophe ngezansi futhi amnyama ngenhla (isibonelo, i-albatross ezulazulayo). Bekucatshangwa ukuthi umbala wamathoni amabili wawucashile (inyoni endizayo ayibonakali kancane kusukela ngezansi nangaphezulu). Khonamanjalo, ososayensi baseNew Mexico State University bathole ukuthi amaphiko anethoni emibili anokuphakama okukhulu nokudonsa kancane. Indawo engaphezulu emnyama imunca kahle ukukhanya kwelanga futhi ifudumale kufika kuma-degree angu-10 ngaphezu kokuphansi. Lokhu kunciphisa ukucindezela komoya endaweni engaphezulu yephiko, okunciphisa ukudonsa kwe-aerodynamic futhi kukhuphule ukuphakama. Ososayensi bahlose ukusebenzisa lo mphumela otholakele ukuze bakhe ama-drones asetshenziswa olwandle.
7
Ama-Albatross angama-glider amahle kakhulu.
Ngenxa yamaphiko azo amade, amancane, lapho umoya ulungile, angahlala emoyeni amahora amaningi. Zichitha izikhathi ezingenamoya phezu kwamanzi njengoba zingababhukudi abasezingeni eliphezulu. Lapho zintweza, zivula amaphiko azo, zibambe umoya futhi indizele phezulu, bese zintweza phezu kolwandle.
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I-albatross endala ingandiza amamitha angu-15. km ukulethela itshwele lakho ukudla.
Ukundiza uzungeze ulwandle akuyona into enhle kule nyoni. I-albatross eneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ubudala kungenzeka ukuthi indiza okungenani u-6 million km. Zindiza nomoya zingashayi amaphiko. Labo abafuna ukundiza ngokumelene nomoya bakhuphuka nemisinga yomoya, babeke isisu sabo phezulu emthambekeni ohlangothini olunomoya, bese bentanta phansi. Basebenzisa amandla omoya namandla adonsela phansi futhi banyakaze kalula.
9
I-wandering albatross (i-Diomedea exulans) inamaphiko amakhulu kunawo wonke kunoma iyiphi inyoni ephilayo (251-350 cm).
Umuntu orekhodiwe wayenamaphiko angama-370 cm ububanzi.
10
I-Albatross idla olwandle oluvulekile, kodwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala lapho ingadla eshalofini.
Zidla ikakhulukazi ama-squid nezinhlanzi, kodwa futhi zidla ama-crustaceans kanye ne-carrion. Zidla inyamazane ebusweni bamanzi noma ngaphansi kwawo. Ngezinye izikhathi zitshuza kancane ngaphansi kwamanzi, 2-5 m phansi. Baphinde badle emachwebeni nasezinkingeni, futhi bathola ukudla emiseleni yendle naphakathi kwemfucuza yezinhlanzi elahlwa ngaphandle kwemikhumbi. Bavame ukulandela izikebhe futhi batshuze befuna udobo, okuvame ukuphetha ngokudabukisayo kubo, njengoba bengaminza uma bebanjwa odongeni lokudoba.
11
Ama-Albatross achitha isikhathi esincane emhlabeni, lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzalanisa.
Ukufika endaweni eqinile kunzima kubo ngoba banemilenze emifushane, uphawu lwezinyoni zasolwandle.
12
Ama-albatross azalela ngemva kweminyaka engu-5-10 yokuphila.
I-albatross ezulazulayo inesi-7, ngisho neminyaka eyi-11. I-albatross, lapho isifinyelele umthamo wokuzala, ibuyela emhlabathini phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana ngemva kokuchitha isikhathi olwandle. Ekuqaleni, lokhu kuwukuqomisana nje, okungakafaneli ngaphambili ubuhlobo obuhlala njalo, kodwa kunalokho kumelela ukuqeqeshwa kumakhono omphakathi. Izinyoni ziyaphaphazela, zivule imisila, zikhophozele, zelule izintamo, zigonane ngoqhwaku, zigcizelela lezo zici ezibangela inzalo. Ukuqomisana kungathatha iminyaka emibili. Lezi zinyoni, "ukuzibandakanya" kwazo okuhlala isikhathi eside, zichitha isikhathi esiningi zigona, zivumela ububele, zinakekele izimpaphe ekhanda nentamo yomunye nomunye.
13
Ubudlelwano be-Albatross buhlala impilo yonke, kepha uma kunesidingo, bangathola umlingani omusha uma bedlula okokuqala.
Inkathi yokuzalanisa i-wandering albatross ithatha unyaka wonke, ngakho izinyoni eziningi zizalela kanye ngemva kweminyaka emibili. Ukukhiqiza kuqala ehlobo futhi wonke umjikelezo uthatha cishe izinyanga eziyi-11. Ngemva kokuhlangana, insikazi izalela iqanda elimhlophe elikhulu kakhulu (isisindo esimaphakathi esingama-490 g). Insikazi ngokwayo yakha isidleke, esifana nendunduma yotshani nobulembu. Ukufukamela kuvame ukuthatha izinsuku ezingama-78. Ngemva kokuchanyuselwa, itshwele linakekelwa yibo bobabili abazali. Ama-albatross amancane azulazulayo andiza ngokwesilinganiso ezinsukwini ezingama-278 ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa. Ama-albatross amadala afunza amatshwele awo aphendula ukudla kwawo kube amafutha ajiyile. Lapho omunye wabazali ebonakala, itshwele liphakamisa uqhwaku lwalo ngokulingana bese umzali efutha umfudlana wamafutha. Ukondla kuthatha cishe ingxenye yesine yehora, futhi inani lokudla lifinyelela ingxenye yesithathu yesisindo setshwele. Ukondla okulandelayo kungase kuthathe amasonto ambalwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, itshwele likhula kangangokuthi abazali bangalazi ngezwi noma ngephunga lalo kuphela, kodwa hhayi ngokubukeka kwalo.
14
Ama-Albatross yizinyoni eziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngokuvamile eziphila iminyaka engama-40-50.
Muva nje, kusanda kuvela ulwazi ngowesifazane ogama lakhe linguWisdom, oneminyaka engu-70 ubudala futhi osephile isikhathi eside kunabalingani bakhe ababemganisela ngisho nesazi sebhayoloji esamhlanganisa okokuqala ngo-1956. Lensikazi isanda kubeletha enye inzalo. Itshwele, elibhekwa “njengenyoni yasendle endala kunazo zonke ezaziwayo emlandweni,” lachanyuselwa ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari 2021 eMidway Atoll yaseHawaii (lesi siqhingi, esinendawo engu-6 km² nje kuphela, siyikhaya lekoloni elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni lama-albatross, angabalwa cishe 2 abantu ngabanye). million pairs) iyindawo kazwelonke yokulondoloza imvelo eNyakatho Pacific. Ubaba wetshwele umlingani kaWisdom Akeakamay osenesikhathi eside ethandana naye, insikazi ethandane nayo kusukela ineminyaka engu-2010 ubudala. Kuphinde kwalinganiselwa ukuthi uWisdom wazala amatshwele angaphezu kuka-XNUMX empilweni yakhe.
15
Ngaphezu kwama-albatross, ama-parrots, ikakhulukazi ama-cockatoo, awazona izinyoni eziphila isikhathi eside.
Ngokuvamile ziphila iminyaka emide futhi zisebenza ngokuzala kuze kube sekupheleni. Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi ekuthunjweni bangaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-90, kanti endle - engaba ngu-40.
16
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-albatross zisengozini yokushabalala.
I-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ihlukanise uhlobo olulodwa kuphela, i-albatross enombala omnyama, njengengakhathazeki kangako.
17
Amatilosi asendulo ayekholelwa ukuthi imiphefumulo yamatilosi aminza yayizalwa kabusha emizimbeni yama- albatross ukuze aqedele uhambo lwawo lwasemhlabeni lokuya ezweni lonkulunkulu.
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