Umzimba wesicabucabu uquketheni: isakhiwo sangaphakathi nangaphandle
Izicabucabu zingomakhelwane njalo babantu emvelweni nasekhaya. Zibukeka zethuka ngenxa yobuningi bezidladla. Naphezu kokuhlukana kwangaphandle phakathi kwezinhlobo nabameleli, i-anatomy yesicabucabu kanye nesakhiwo sangaphandle kuhlale kufana.
Okuqukethwe
Izicabucabu: izici ezijwayelekile
Isakhiwo sangaphandle sesicabucabu.
Izicabucabu zingabameleli be-arthropods. Izitho zabo zenziwe ngezingxenye, futhi umzimba umbozwe nge-chitin. Ukukhula kwabo kulawulwa yi-molting, ukuguqulwa kwegobolondo le-chitinous.
Izicabucabu zingamalungu abalulekile e-biosphere. Badla kancane izinambuzane futhi ngalokho ulawula izinombolo zabo. Cishe zonke ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye ezihlala phezu komhlaba, ngaphandle kohlobo olulodwa.
Isakhiwo sangaphandle
Isakhiwo somzimba wazo zonke izicabucabu siyefana. Ngokungafani nezinambuzane, azinawo amaphiko noma izimpondo. Futhi banezici zesakhiwo ezihlukile - ikhono lokwenza iwebhu.
Umzimba
Umzimba wesicabucabu uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili - i-cephalothorax nesisu. Kukhona nemilenze yokuhamba eyi-8. Kunezitho ezikuvumela ukuthi ubambe ukudla, i-chelicerae noma imihlathi yomlomo. I-Pedipalps izitho ezengeziwe ezisiza ukubamba inyamazane.
i-cephalothorax
I-cephalothorax noma i-prosoma iqukethe izindawo ezimbalwa. Kunezindawo ezimbili eziyinhloko - igobolondo le-dorsal kanye ne-sternum. Izithasiselo zinamathiselwe kule ngxenye. Kukhona namehlo, i-chelicerae, ku-cephalothorax.
imilenze
Izicabucabu zinamapheya angu-4 emilenze yokuhamba. Akhiwe amalungu, kukhona ayisikhombisa. Zimbozwe ama-bristles, okuyizitho ezibamba iphunga nemisindo. Ziphinde ziphendule kumaza omoya nokudlidliza. Kunezinzipho esihlokweni sethole, bese ziyahamba:
- umcengezi;
- amathe;
- inqulu;
- i-patella;
- i-tibia;
- i-metatars;
- itarsu.
I-Pedipalps
Izitho zesicabucabu.
Izitho ze-pedipalp zinezigaba eziyisithupha, azinayo i-metatarsus. Zitholakala phambi kwemilenze yokuqala yokuhamba. Zinenombolo enkulu yezivikeli ezisebenza njengezazi zokunambitha nokuhogela.
Abesilisa basebenzisa lezi zitho ukuze bahlangane nezinsikazi. Bona, ngosizo lwe-tarsus, eshintsha kancane ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, idlulisela ukudlidliza ngewebhu kwabesifazane.
i-chelicerae
Zibizwa ngokuthi imihlathi, ngoba lezi zitho zidlala indima yomlomo. Kodwa kuyizicabucabu ziyizigodi, lapho efaka ubuthi empangweni yakhe.
Amehlo
Kuye ngohlobo iso kungaba izingcezu 2 kuya 8. Izicabucabu zinombono ohlukile, ezinye zihlukanisa ngisho nemininingwane emincane nokunyakaza, kuyilapho eziningi zibona i-mediocre, futhi zithembele kakhulu ekudlidlizeni nasemisindweni. Kunezinhlobo, ikakhulukazi izicabucabu zasemhumeni, ezinciphise ngokuphelele izitho zokubona.
I-Peduncle
Kukhona isici esithile sezicabucabu - umlenze omncane, oguquguqukayo oxhuma i-cephalothorax nesisu. Inikeza ukunyakaza okuhle kwezitho zomzimba ngokwehlukana.
Uma isicabucabu sizungeza iwebhu, sinyakazisa isisu saso kuphela, kuyilapho i-cephalothorax ihlezi endaweni. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ngokuphambene nalokho, izitho zinganyakaza, futhi isisu sihlala siphumule.
Isisu
"Phansi" yesicabucabu.
Uyi-opisthosoma, unokugoqa okuningana kanye nembobo yamaphaphu. Ohlangothini lwe-ventral kunezitho, ama-spinnerets, abhekene nokweluka usilika.
Umumo ngokuvamile u-oval, kodwa kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwesicabucabu, singaba side noma sibe yi-angular. Imbobo yesitho sangasese sowesifazane ingezansi phansi.
I-Exoskeleton
Iqukethe i-chitin eminyene, okuthi, njengoba ikhula, ayinwebeki, kodwa iyachithwa. Ngaphansi kwegobolondo elidala, kwakheka entsha, futhi isicabucabu ngalesi sikhathi simisa umsebenzi waso futhi siyeke ukudla.
Inqubo ye-molting yenzeka izikhathi eziningana ngesikhathi sokuphila kwesicabucabu. Abanye abantu banezingu-5 kuphela zazo, kodwa kukhona abadlula ezigabeni eziyi-8-10 zokushintshwa kwegobolondo. Uma i-exoskeleton iqhekekile noma idabukile, noma ilimele ngomshini, isilwane siyahlupheka futhi singase sife.
Izitho zangaphakathi
Izitho zangaphakathi zihlanganisa izinhlelo zokugaya kanye ne-excretory. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi, sokuphefumula kanye nesimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi.
Isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi simboziwe. Esikhundleni segazi, umzimba ugcwele i-geolymph, ejikeleza ngezitho ngosizo lwemithambo. Lolu ketshezi lunombala oluhlaza kancane, olunikezwa i-hemocyanin, iphrotheni enethusi.
Inhliziyo iyishubhu elilodwa eliqinile, alinawo amakamelo noma ukwehlukana. Itholakala ngaphezu kwamathumbu, phakathi komugqa ophakathi nendawo yesisu.
Isistimu yokuphefumula ingase yehluke ezinhlotsheni zezicabucabu. Bangaba namapheya ama-2 wamaphaphu noma uqhoqhoqho. Kukhona lezo ezihlukene, ingxenye yangaphambili ilula, futhi ingemuva iguqulwa ibe yi-trachea.
Ukugaya kubhekwa ngaphandle. Isicabucabu asikugayisi ukudla ngaphakathi, kodwa sidla isiraphu encibilikisiwe. Isicabucabu sizingela isisulu, ngosizo lokuhlasela noma amanetha, sifaka ushevu kuso. Ngokuvamile kuthatha amahora ambalwa ukuze kutholwe isixazululo sezakhi ngaphakathi kwezinambuzane.
Kukhona i-nerve mass ekhethekile ku-cephalothorax, engathatha kufika ku-40% wevolumu ephelele. Inani elikhulu lezinzwa zobuchopho zisuka kuyo, ezihlukana kuzo zonke izitho, ziye ezihlokweni zemilenze.
Ukukhiqiza
Izicabucabu ziyizilwane ze-dioecious. Izitho zabo zokuzala zitholakala engxenyeni engezansi yesisu. Ukusuka lapho, abesilisa baqoqa isidoda kuma-bulb ekugcineni kwe-pedipalps bese besidlulisela embotsheni yesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
Ezimweni eziningi, izicabucabu ziyi-dimorphic ngokocansi. Abesilisa ngokuvamile mancane kakhulu kunabesifazane, kodwa anombala ogqamile. Zithanda kakhulu ukuzalanisa, kuyilapho ezinsikazi zivame ukuhlasela abakhongi ngaphambi, ngemva nangesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Ukuqomisana kwezinye izinhlobo zezicabucabu kuyindlela yobuciko ehlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, encane peacock spider wasungula umdanso obonisa owesifazane izinhloso zakhe.
isiphetho
Ukwakheka kwesicabucabu kuyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi ecatshangelwe kahle. Ihlinzeka ngokudla okwanele kanye nokuzala okufanele. Isilwane sithatha indawo yaso ochungechungeni lokudla, sizuzisa abantu.
Ngaphambilini