I-Triatomine bug: ukubukeka nencazelo yesinambuzane esinothando esivela eMexico
Izimbungulu ze-Triatomine zingabameleli bomndeni wegama elifanayo, abahlala ikakhulukazi ezwenikazi laseNingizimu Melika. Abantu bayibiza ngokuthi "i-kissing bug" noma "umbulali omnene" - imvamisa ihlala ebusweni endaweni yezindebe namehlo futhi ithwala isifo esibulalayo.
Okuqukethwe
- I-Triatom bug: incazelo nezici zezinhlobo
- Zihlala kuphi izimbungulu ze-triatomine
- Ungathola kanjani ukuthi iphutha lokuqabula lizinze eduze
- Okufanele ukwenze uma i-triatomic bug itholakala ekhaya
- Kungani izimbungulu ze-triatomine ziyingozi kubantu?
- Siyini isifo se-Chagas
- Indlela yokwelapha isifo se-Chagas
- Ukuvimbela ukulunywa kwezimbungulu ze-triatomic
I-Triatom bug: incazelo nezici zezinhlobo
I-triatomine bug ingeyomndeni wegama elifanayo. Bonke abameleli balolu hlobo bahlukaniswa ngobukhulu babo obukhulu nokuziphatha okuqondile.
Ukubukeka kanye nesakhiwo
I-bug kissing iyinambuzane enkulu, ubude bomzimba wayo busuka ku-2 kuya ku-3,5 cm, ilahle elimnyama noma elimpunga ngombala elinemigqa ebomvu ebomvu emaphethelweni. Umzimba omise okwepheya. Ikhanda likhulu, limise okwekhoni namehlo aqhumile. Emuva kunamaphiko asonge ngesikhumba. Inambuzane inamapheya ama-3 ezitho ezibushelelezi.
Ukukhiqiza kanye nomjikelezo wempilo
Idlani i-triatomine bug?
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwezinambuzane eziqabulayo yigazi labantu nezilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi abantu abadala kuphela, kodwa futhi nama-nymphs adla ngale ndlela. Ekufuneni indawo yokuhlala yomuntu, izinambuzane zinqoba amabanga amade, njengomthetho, ukukhanyisa okwenziwa ezindlini kuyisiqondiso saso.
I-bug iluma cishe njalo ubuso. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi ikhangwa i-carbon dioxide, umuntu ayikhipha ephusheni.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa kwezinye izinhlobo
I-triatomine bug ifana nezinye izinambuzane, kodwa ingahlukaniswa ngamaphiko esikhumba futhi incane kakhulu, ifinyelela ekugcineni, izidladla.
Zihlala kuphi izimbungulu ze-triatomine
Izinambuzane eziyingozi zihlala kuphela emazweni anesimo sezulu esishisayo. Izinga lokushisa elikhululekile kakhulu kuye lingama-25-28 degrees.
Kumaphi amazwe lapho ungathola khona izimbungulu
Amazwe lapho kuhlala khona isinambuzane esiqabulayo atholakala endaweni yaseNingizimu neNyakatho Melika.
Izakhamizi zalezi zifunda ezilandelayo zivame ukuhlushwa yikulunywa yilesi zinambuzane:
- eGuatemala;
- i-Ecuador;
- eBolivia;
- i-Argentina;
- eColombia;
- I-Uruguay;
- ePanama;
- Brazil.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva, amacala okutholwa kwama-parasite aye aqoshwa ngokuqhubekayo kwamanye amazwe: Pakistan, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore. Ochwepheshe bachaza ukunwetshwa kwendawo yokuhlala yezinambuzane ngokuthuthukiswa kwethrafikhi yabagibeli nempahla.
Ingabe lolu hlobo lutholakala eRussia?
Izimo zezulu zezwe lethu azifaneleki endaweni yayo, ngakho-ke, eRussia akuzange kube namacala okuhlaselwa kwemikhaza. Abantu baseRussia bangahlushwa ukulunywa kuphela ngenkathi bevakashele amaholide noma uhambo lwebhizinisi. Abantu abavakashela la mazwe angenhla bayelulekwa ukuthi bafunde ulwazi mayelana nalesi silwane.
Ungathola kanjani ukuthi iphutha lokuqabula lizinze eduze
Imvamisa, ukuba khona kwezinambuzane endlini kutholwa ngokuthintana ngqo naso, noma umuntu uyibona ngengozi embhedeni. Futhi, ukubonakala kwamabala amhlophe noma amnyama emvelaphi engaziwa embhedeni kungase kubonise ukubukeka kwawo.
Yiziphi izinambuzane ezivame ukudideka nezimbungulu eziqabulayo
Ukuhleleka kwezimbungulu kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-40. Ezinye zazo zifana kakhulu ne-triatomic:
Okufanele ukwenze uma i-triatomic bug itholakala ekhaya
Uma kutholakala isinambuzane esiqabulayo endaweni yokuhlala, ungalokothi uyithinte ngezandlafuthi, njengoba ukutheleleka kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa ama-microcracks esikhumbeni.
- Kufanele ugqoke amagilavu noma uvikele izandla zakho ngendwangu, uthathe isinambuzane, usifake esitsheni esinesivalo esiqinile bese usithumela elabhorethri ukuze ochwepheshe bakwazi ukuthola ukuthi lowo muntu ungumthwali wesifo esithathelwanayo yini.
- Indawo okutholwe kuyo isilokazane kumele yelashwe. Uma kuyindwangu, kungcono ukuyishisa. Uma ubuso buqinile, kufanele bugezwe ngamanzi anensipho kanye ne-bleach.
Kungani izimbungulu ze-triatomine ziyingozi kubantu?
Siyini isifo se-Chagas
Isifo se-Chagas yisifo se-parasitic. I-ejenti eyimbangela yi-unicellular microorganism i-Trypanosoma cruzi. Ungangenwa igciwane hhayi kuphela ngokulunywa yi-parasite, ngisho nokuxhumana okufushane nobuso bomzimba wakhe kungabangela ukutheleleka.
Okwamanje awukho umuthi wokugomela i-trypanosomiasis yaseMelika.
Izimpawu zokutheleleka
Isikhathi sokufukamela lesi sifo sisukela ezinsukwini eziyisi-7 kuye kwezingama-40. Lesi sifo ngokwaso senzeka ngezigaba ezi-2, izimpawu zincike esigabeni sokukhula kwesifo.
Isigaba esibucayi
Imvamisa, ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo kwenzeka ngokushesha ngemuva kokulunywa, ezimweni ezingavamile lesi sigaba singaba yi-asymptomatic ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kokutheleleka, ubomvu, ukuvuvukala, kanye ne-nodule encane kubonakala endaweni yokulunywa. Izimpawu ezengeziwe zifana nokubonakaliswa komkhuhlane, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile azinakwa.
Lokhu kubandakanya:
- umkhuhlane
- umkhuhlane;
- ama-lymph nodes akhulisiwe;
- ukuvuvukala kobuso;
- ama-rashes amancane esikhumbeni;
- ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu.
Isibonakaliso sesici sokutheleleka yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi isibonakaliso samaRoma - ukuvuvukala okukhulu kanye nokweqa kwejwabu leso phezu kweso. Kulesi sigaba, ingozi yokufa kwesiguli iphezulu uma inganikezwa usizo olufika ngesikhathi. Isiteji siphela ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-1-2, futhi uma kwakungekho ukwelashwa, lesi sifo sidlulela esigabeni esingamahlalakhona.
Ngalesi sigaba, umzimba ukhiqiza amasosha omzimba egciwane. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi kukhona ukululama. Izimpawu zivele zingabi bikho kakhulu futhi lokhu kungubuqili besifo - siyaqhubeka nokubhubhisa izitho, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo umuntu angathola ubuhlungu obubuhlungu besisu noma enhliziyweni, kodwa noma kunjalo, izinguquko ezingenakuguqulwa zenzeka. emzimbeni. Isigaba esingapheli singahlala amashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Imiphumela emibi kakhulu yesifo se-Chagas ukukhula kwemisipha yenhliziyo, isibindi, umphimbo, amathumbu. Ku-5-10% i-meningitis kanye ne-meningoencephalitis ibonakala.
Ezimweni eziningi, i-trypanosomiasis itholakala ngokulunywa yizinambuzane. I-bloodsucker ikhetha ukuluma endaweni eseduze kwamehlo nomlomo, ngakho ngokuvamile igciwane lingena ngolwelwesi lwamafinyila lapho umuntu ehlikihla indawo elunywayo. Amathe ezinambuzane aqukethe i-anesthetic, ngakho-ke umuntu ngesikhathi ebhoboza isikhumba ngomkhaza akazwani nokuphatheka kabi. Izinambuzane ngokwazo zitheleleka ngegciwane ezilwaneni zasendle - izinkawu, ama-opossums, amagundane nama-armadillos.
Ukungena kwegciwane lesifo se-Chagas emzimbeni womuntu kungase kwenzeke nangezinye izindlela: ukuthintana okuthintekayo nesinambuzane esinegciwane: ukutheleleka kungena esikhumbeni, bese kungena ngamanxeba, ama-microcracks, nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ukungenwa ngengozi indle yezinambuzane ebezisekudleni okungakenziwanga ukwelashwa okudingekayo kokushisa. Kusukela kumama onegciwane kuye enganeni ngesikhathi sokubeletha kanye nokuncelisa. Lapho udla inyama yezilwane ezigulayo, ngokumpontshelwa igazi kanye nokufakelwa kwezitho zomzimba.
Njengamanje, ukutholakala kwesifo se-Chagas akuphelele. Ukuze unqume ngokuthembekile ukuthi kudingekile yini ukwenza izivivinyo eziningana. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-serological kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-Guerreiro-Machado kwenziwa ocwaningweni. I-Xenodiagnosis iphinde isetshenziswe: igazi lomuntu ongase abe negciwane lijovwe ezinambuzaneni eziqabulayo ezinempilo, bese izinambuzane zihlolelwa isifo se-Chagas. Uma lesi sifo sesidlulele esigabeni esingamahlalakhona, ngokuvamile imiphumela yokuhlola iba negethivu.
Indlela yokwelapha isifo se-Chagas
Namuhla akukho ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kwesifo i-Chagas. Ukwelapha kuyizimpawu, futhi kuhloswe ngakho ukunciphisa inani lama-parasites emzimbeni.
Uma uqala ukwelashwa esigabeni esibi, khona-ke amathuba okuthola kabusha okuphelele angama-90%.
Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yiNifurtimox neBenznidazole. Lezi zidakamizwa zinezakhiwo ze-antiprotosis futhi zibulala amagciwane. Esigabeni esingapheli, ukuthatha le mithi akunconywa, kusetshenziswa kuphela ukwelashwa kwesondlo.
Ukwelashwa kokulunywa ekhaya
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-tryponasomiasis ekhaya phambi kwezimpawu ezibucayi, izimpawu akwamukeleki futhi ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha kuyimpoqo.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuya esibhedlela, ungathatha izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ngokwakho:
- geza indawo yokuluma ngamanzi afudumele kanye nensipho ye-antibacterial;
- sebenzisa iqhwa elifakwe esikhwameni sepulasitiki esihlanzekile esikhumbeni eduze nendawo yokulunywa ukuze ukhulule ukuvuvukala;
- phatha isilonda nganoma iyiphi i-antiseptic - isisombululo sotshwala, ijeli yokubulala amagciwane;
- ukuze unciphise ukulunywa, sebenzisa i-calamine noma i-fenistil esikhumbeni;
- akukho cala ungahlanganisi indawo yokuluma, kunconywa futhi ukuthi usike izipikili zakho ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ungalihlisi isilonda ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ephusheni;
- thatha noma yimaphi ama-antihistamine.
Yiziphi izimpawu ezidinga ukuyiswa esibhedlela?
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kufanele uthinte isikhungo sezokwelapha kunoma yikuphi. Izimpawu ezilandelayo ziyisizathu socingo oluphuthumayo oluya kudokotela:
- isiyezi kanye nokulahlekelwa orientation emkhathini;
- ukuvuvukala kwejwabu leso;
- ukuphelelwa umoya, ubuhlungu enhliziyweni;
- umkhuhlane;
- ukuqubuka kwesikhumba;
- ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, noma ukuqunjelwa okukhulu.
Ukuvimbela ukulunywa kwezimbungulu ze-triatomic
Awukho umuthi wokugomela isifo i-Chagas, kodwa ukulandela izinyathelo ezilula zokuvimbela kunganciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka:
- sebenzisa i-mesh ekhethekile ukuvikela amafasitela nezindawo zokulala, okuvimbela ukungena kwe-parasite;
- gcina yonke imithetho yenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu;
- njenge-prophylaxis, thatha izidakamizwa ezisekelwe ku-permetrin;
- uma izimuncagazi zitholakala ekhaya, sebenzisa izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezikhethekile ukuze uziqothule.