Ziyini izimbungulu: izinhlobo zezilokazane, amagciwane kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye ezizuzisayo ezivela kuhlelo lwezimbungulu
Izimbungulu ziwuhlobo olujwayelekile lwezinambuzane. Akubona kuphela ososayensi okufanele bafunde izici zabo - bavame ukuhlala ezindaweni zokuhlala zabantu, okubangela abantu izinkinga eziningi. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-40 zalezi zinambuzane. Ngezansi kunencazelo enemininingwane yokuthi yiziphi izimbungulu ezikhona, izinhlobo zazo, izithombe.
Okuqukethwe
Incazelo evamile yezimbungulu
Izimbungulu zingabamele i-oda elithi Hemiptera. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zalezi zinambuzane, kodwa naphezu kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, abameleli balo myalelo banezici ezithile ezivamile.
Внешний вид
Izici zangaphandle zezimbungulu zingahluka, ngokuvamile zibangelwa izimo zemvelo ezihlala kuzo. Ubude bomzimba bungahluka kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-15 mm. Izibungu zihlala zincane kunabantu abadala, kodwa zisheshe zizithole ngosayizi. Futhi, abesifazane bahlala bebakhudlwana kunabesilisa.
Umbala wezinambuzane uyizinhlobo ezi-2: ukuvimbela kanye nokuboniswa.
Imibala evikelayo (brown, green shades) inezinhlobo eziningi zezimbungulu. Izinambuzane ezingenazo izitha zemvelo zidwetshwe ngemibala egqamile. Izimo zemvelo nazo zinquma ukuma komzimba wezimbungulu: zingaba yi-oval, i-rod-shaped, round, flat.
Izici zesakhiwo
Ukudla
Ukudla kwezimbungulu kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezidla igazi labantu nezilwane, izinhlayiya zesikhumba esifile, izinwele. Abanye badla ukudla kwezitshalo kuphela: amaqabunga, amahlumela, izithelo. Kukhona nezinambuzane ze-polyphagous, ekudleni okukhona kanye nokunye ukudla.
Izindawo ezihlala izimbungulu
Lapha, futhi, yonke into ihlukile: ezinye izinambuzane zihlala kuphela endaweni yokuhlala yabantu (emifantwini, izindwangu zasendlini, ifenisha, izingubo, njll.), ezinye zihlala kuphela emvelweni nasezindaweni zasengadini.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezimbungulu
Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezimbungulu ezilimaza abantu nezolimo. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziwusizo, kanye nalezo ezingalimazi futhi zingazuzi. Okulandelayo incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zalezi zinambuzane.
Izinhlobo zezilokazane zasengadini nasengadini
Izinhlobo eziningana zezimbungulu zihlala ezindlini zasehlobo nasezingadini. Bamunca ijusi ezitshalweni, badla amahlumela, okuholela ekufeni kwesitshalo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezimbungulu
Ama-parasitic bugs adla igazi lezilwane ezinegazi elifudumele futhi avame ukuba yingozi kuzo, njengoba zingabathwali bamagciwane ayingozi.
Okokulala
Bahlala kuphela endaweni okuhlalwa kuyo abantu, bekhetha umbhede. Ubude bomzimba bungahluka kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-8 mm - umuntu owondliwe kahle uyakhula ngosayizi, umbala womzimba unsundu. Ihlasela umuntu, njengomthetho, ebusuku: ibhoboza isikhumba nge-proboscis ebukhali futhi idonsa igazi.
| I-Cimex lectularius | Lolu wuhlobo lwesiphazamisi sombhede. Ibonakala ngesimo somzimba oval, umbala womzimba onsundu. Uma isisuthi, isiphazamisi sithola umbala obomvu futhi sikhule kakhulu ngosayizi. |
| I-Cimex adjunctus | Kuphinde kube yizinhlobo ezingaphansi kwezimbungulu. Cishe awekho umehluko wangaphandle kulo mbono ochazwe ngenhla. Isebenzisa igazi lamalulwane njengokudla, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ingahlasela nabantu. |
Cimex hemipterus
Zondla ngegazi lezinkukhu, ngakho-ke amapulazi ezinkukhu avame ukuba yindawo yawo yokuhlala. Bayakwazi futhi ukuhlasela umuntu, kodwa abantu abahlala eduze kwezinyoni ngokuvamile baba yizisulu zabo. UCimex hemipterus uhlala kuphela ezindaweni ezifudumele ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo.
U-Oeciacus
Izisulu zalezi zinambuzane ziyinyoni yohlobo olulodwa kuphela - ama-swallows. Izimbungulu zihlala ezidlekeni zazo futhi zihamba phezu kwazo. I-parasite inomzimba oyindilinga, opendwe omhlophe. Kusatshalaliswa kabanzi engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia.
I-Triatomine bug (i-Triatominae)
Lesi sinambuzane sibhekwa njengesiyingozi kakhulu, njengoba singangena kumuntu onesifo esibi - isifo se-Chagas. Inkulu impela - abadala banobude bomzimba obungaba ngu-2 cm. Umbala omnyama, kukhona amabala abomvu noma awolintshi emaceleni.
Izinhlobo zezimbungulu ezihlala emanzini
Izinhlobo eziningana zezimbungulu ziye zajwayela ukuphila emanzini. Izinambuzane ezinjalo zihlukaniswa ngezitho ezinde, ezikhulile, ezizisebenzisa njengehhashi ukuhamba emanzini. Zonke izimbungulu zamanzi ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye ngendlela yokudla.
Abasizi bezimbungulu
Ezinye izinhlobo zezimbungulu zidla izinambuzane ezikanye nazo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, zibhekwa njengeziwusizo futhi zifuywa futhi zidayiswe ngokukhethekile.
| Isiphazamisi sombhede Podisus maculiventris | Umbala wabameleli balolu hlobo uyahlukahluka kusuka ku-beige kuya ku-brown. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-11 mm. Ibug i-Podisus maculiventris idla izibungu ze-Colorado potato beetle, i-gypsy moth, ne-American whitefly. |
| I-Anthocoris nemorum | Izinambuzane ezincane (ezingekho ngaphezu kuka-4 mm) ubude, ezinomzimba onsundu. Hlala ngezithelo, izitshalo zemifino, izitshalo ze-nectariferous. Zivikela izitshalo ezinambuzaneni ezinjenge-aphid, izibungu zesithelo ezibomvu, izikelemu namapheya. |
| Izimbungulu eziyingozi zohlobo lwe-Orius | Ihluke ngosayizi omncane kanye ne-voracity enkulu. Bhubhisa ama-aphid, amaqanda ezibungu, izibungu zesicabucabu nezinye izinambuzane kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokukhula kwazo. Uma kungekho ukudla ngobuningi obudingekayo, bangasebenzisa futhi ijusi yezitshalo, engalimazi ekugcineni. |
| Umndeni wezilwane ezidla ezinye (Reduviidae) | Bahlukaniswa nombala ongavamile: ingxenye eyinhloko yomzimba imnyama, kodwa kukhona ama-blotches akhanyayo, awolintshi nabomvu. Zizingela ebumnyameni kuphela: zithola izindawo zokubekela izimuncagazi futhi zimunce amaqanda. |
| Umndeni we-Macrolophus of horseflies (Miridae) | Abantu abadala banomzimba omude omncane (ongekho ngaphezu kuka-4 mm), opendwe ngemithunzi eluhlaza. Bahlukaniswa ukuminza okuphezulu: ngenyanga bayakwazi ukubhubhisa amaqanda e-whitefly angaba yizinkulungwane ezi-3. |
| I-Perillus bicentennial | Abamele lolu hlobo bahlukaniswa ngegobolondo elimnyama elinephethini elikhanyayo. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-prillus yi-Colorado potato beetle kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula. Uma kungekho mabhungane, izimbungulu ziqala ukusebenzisa amacimbi nezimvemvane njengokudla. |
Izinhlobo zezimbungulu eziwusizo
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezimbungulu nazo zinenzuzo kwezolimo.
Izimbungulu ezingenabungozi
Izinambuzane ezinjalo zingabizwa ngokuthi zingathathi hlangothi ngokuphathelene nezinto zezolimo: azilimazi futhi azizuzi.
Isosha lezimbungulu
Lolu hlobo lwezimbungulu belwaziwa abaningi kusukela ebuntwaneni ngenxa yombala walo ohlukile: isihlangu sombala obomvu ocebile onamaphethini amnyama. Ukwakheka komzimba kuyisicaba, side. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinambuzane zihlala kumakholomu amakhulu futhi azifuni ukufihla emehlweni abantu. Ngezinsuku ezinelanga, ukuqoqwa kwabo kungabonakala ezihlahleni, ezihlahleni, ezakhiweni zamapulangwe.
i-alder bug
Elinye igama lalezi zinambuzane ngumama wesikhukhukazi. Lolu hlobo lwathola igama laso ngenxa yokuthi abesifazane bakhetha isihlahla se-alder kuphela ukuze sizale. Isici esithakazelisayo sabameleli balolu hlobo ukuthi abesifazane abasoze bashiya isidleke kuze kube yilapho izibungu ziba namandla futhi zikwazi ukuzondla ngokwazo.
Imuphi umonakalo ongenziwa izimbungulu?
Lezi zinambuzane ngokuvamile ziyizinambuzane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umonakalo eziwubangelayo uncike ezinhlotsheni zazo.
- Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, izimbungulu zombhede noma zendlu azikwazi ukudala umonakalo omkhulu empilweni yomuntu - azithwali izifo eziyingozi kanye namagciwane, kodwa ukuba khona kwazo kungalimaza impilo: i-bed bug iluma itch ukuze ukulala okuphumuzayo kungenzeki.
- Ezinye izinhlobo ezihlala ezitshalweni ziyakwazi ukucekela phansi izitshalo noma zidale umonakalo omkhulu kuzo.
Ingabe Izimbungulu Zingakusiza?
Kodwa-ke, izimbungulu nazo zingaba nenzuzo: zibhubhisa ezinye izinambuzane, ngaleyo ndlela zenze umsebenzi wokuhleleka. Izinhlobo eziwusizo kubantu nasezitshalweni sekuxoxiwe ngazo ngenhla.
Izimbungulu engadini nasengadini
Ukulawula izinambuzane engadini, ungasebenzisa amakhemikhali namakhambi esintu. Ama-insecticide asebenzayo ngokumelene nezimbungulu:
- i-chlorophos;
- i-phosphamide;
- umlingisi;
- i-karbofos.
Izindlela zabantu zomzabalazo azifani namakhemikhali, kodwa ziphephile kubantu nasezilwaneni.
Kunamaresiphi alandelayo:
- ikhasi lika-anyanisi. 200-300 gr. ikhasi lika-anyanisi uthele 1 litre lamanzi abilayo bese ushiya izinsuku ezingu-3-5, bese uhlunga. Ngesixazululo esiwumphumela, phatha izindawo ezihlaselwe izimbungulu.
- Tincture of amakhambi elimnandi. Yenza i-decoction yama-clove, upelepele oshisayo nomhlonyane. Phatha izitshalo ngoketshezi oluphumayo.
- Abaxosha Bemvelo. Tshala i-wolfberry, i-cohosh emnyama eduze nendawo ezungezile yesayithi - izitshalo ezinjalo zingabaxoshi bemvelo bezimbungulu.
Indlela yokuqeda izivakashi ezingamenyiwe endlini
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokubhekana nezimbungulu izibulala-zinambuzaneNokho, ukusetshenziswa kwazo akuphephile ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Imiyalelo ephelele yokukhipha izimbungulu endlini nasegcekeni - isixhumanisi.
Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo Ngezinambuzane
Izimbungulu ziyizinambuzane ezinyanyekayo, lapho uma uqala nje, zingenasithakazelo. Nokho, kukhona amaqiniso athakazelisayo ahlobene nawo:
- E-Thailand, izimbungulu ezinkulu zamanzi zisetshenziswa njengendlela yokwelapha emnandi.
- Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwezinambuzane kutholakala emibhalweni yomlando ka-400 AD. BC. U-Aristotle wayekholelwa ukuthi zingase zisetshenziselwe ukwelapha izifo ezindlebeni futhi zinciphise imiphumela yokulunywa yinyoka.
- I-water bug i-Micronecta scholtzi iyakwazi ukwenza umsindo ongafaniswa nezinga lomsindo nokuduma kwesitimela esigijimayo - abesilisa abanomsindo onjalo banwaya ipipi labo ezinhlangothini ukuze bahehe abobulili obuhlukile. Nokho, umuntu akawuzwa lo msindo, njengoba isinambuzane sikwenza lokhu ngaphansi kwamanzi.
- I-Acanthaspis petax wuhlobo lwezinambuzane ezidla ezinye ezikwazi ukuzivikela ezitheni zemvelo ngendlela engavamile: zibulala izintuthwane ezinkulu futhi zibeke izikhumba zazo emhlane. Izicabucabu, zona ezihlasela izimbungulu, azikwazi ukuzibona ngendlela ecashile futhi zidlule kuzo.