Indlela Yokulahla Ibhu Lamazambane: Izindlela Ezi-3 Ezifakazelwe

Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamabhu, inundu yamazambane ayiphawuleki. Kubukeka kungabonakali, kepha kulimaza ukutshalwa kwamazambane kanye nezitshalo ezivunwayo ezingekho ngaphansi kwe-Colorado potato beetle, ejabulela ukukhiqiza. Izinambuzane kufanele zibonwe futhi zibhujiswe kusenesikhathi kunokuba zonakalisa isivuno.

Ibukeka kanjani inundu yamazambane (isithombe)

Izici ezijwayelekile

Igama: ibhu lamazambane
Isi-Latin: I-Phthorimaea operculella Zell

Ibanga: Izinambuzane - isinambuzane
Isigcawu: I-Homoptera - I-Homoptera
Umndeni: Ama-Triosides - Gelechiidae

	Izindawo zokuhlala:	izindawo zokugcina amazambane, ingadi yemifino
	Kuyingozi ku-:	amazambane, izitshalo ze-nightshade
	Izindlela zokubhubhisa:	ama-bioinsecticides, ama-pyrethroids

usayizi wezinambuzane

Amabhu ovemvane mancane ngosayizi, afinyelela ku-8 mm ubude, futhi anamaphiko afinyelela ku-13 mm. Umuntu omdala unezimpondo kanye nezingxenye zomlomo, kodwa akusebenzi njengoba kuhlosiwe. Izibungu zincane, azibonakali, zifinyelela ku-6-8 mm ubude.

Amaqanda nezibungu zezinambuzane

Izibungu zebhu lamazambane.

Amaqanda ebhu lamazambane mancane kakhulu, amhlophe, afinyelela ku-0,8 mm ubude. Zitholakala ngemuva kwamaqabunga, eduze kwama-cuttings noma emithanjeni. Uma izilimo eziyizigaxa ezingenalutho zilunguza ngaphansi komhlaba, khona-ke kungatholakala kuzo ukwakhiwa kwamatshe.

Izibungu ezincane ezisanda kuzalwa azifinyeleli ngisho no-2 mm ngosayizi.. Banqunu futhi baphaphathekile. Njengoba zikhula futhi zidla, imizimba yalezi zibungu ziba luhlaza uma zidla izingxenye zemifino, noma zibe nsundu uma zidla izilimo eziyizigaxa. Ubukhulu bezibungu ezindala bufinyelela ku-12 mm, umzimba uhlukaniswe ngokucacile.

Umjikelezo wokuphila

Kunezikhathi ezine ibhu lamazambane elidlula kuzo:

1. Iqanda, eselizalelwe kakade, liphenduka isibungu ngesonto ehlobo, futhi cishe inyanga ebusika.
2. I-larva molts izikhathi ezine ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, okuhlala amasonto amathathu ehlobo kanye nezinyanga ezimbili ebusika. Ngalesi sikhathi, isinambuzane sidala umonakalo omkhulu.
3. Lapho izibungu sezidlile futhi zalungisa umfece, zingena esiteji se-pupal. Isikhathi sihlala ngenkathi efudumele hhayi izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezi-5, futhi ebusika singahlala ngisho nezinyanga ezi-3.
4. I-butterfly ikhula ngokushesha kakhulu, isikhathi sayo sokuphila asikho ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ehlobo namasonto ebusika. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ishada izikhathi eziningana, futhi nge-clutch eyodwa ingazalela amaqanda angaba ngu-200.

Kusukela ekubukeni kwenundu kuya eminyakeni lapho selikwazi ukukhwelana, akudluli usuku. Inqubo yokubeka ngokwayo ingathatha amasonto amabili. Phakathi nehlobo elifudumele, ngisho nezizukulwane ezi-5 zezinambuzane ezinonya zingase zivele.

Idlani

Kunengqondo ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo zamazambane zidla amazambane. Lapho iziqongo zisaluhlaza, izibungu ziyazidla. Eduze kwekwindla, lapho izingxenye zemifino zomile, izibungu zithuthela ezigabeni futhi zingene ngaphakathi ngamehlo.

Ibhu lezambane lidla izilimo eziyizigaxa kanye namahlumela aluhlaza.

Ubusika bunjani futhi kuphi

Isinambuzane singasinda emakhazeni kuphela esimweni se-chrysalis, kancane kancane njengesibungu. Ukuhamba kuvame ukuqala ngoMeyi.

Ezimweni ezinethezekile, isibonelo, lapho izilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane zigcinwa endaweni engaphansi, azikwazi ukugcinwa kuphela, kodwa futhi zande ebusika.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo

I-Central and South America ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yamazambane futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo indawo yokuzalwa kwezinambuzane. Sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 kusukela yatholakala esifundeni soLwandle Olumnyama. Kukholakala ukuthi izinambuzane zalethwa eRussia notamatisi, ugwayi namazambane.

Izici zokuthuthukisa

Ibhu lisakazeka ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha.

Kunesici esisodwa esingabajabulisi abalimi. Ibhu lingakhula ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Kodwa izinga lokushisa lidlala indima ebalulekile:

• ngamanani aphansi ukusuka ku-+15 nangaphansi, umjikelezo wokuphila cishe izinsuku ezingu-150-200;
• uma izinga lokushisa elizungezile lingama-+20 degrees, khona-ke umjikelezo uzodlula ezinsukwini ezingu-70;
• emazingeni angaba ngu-30 degrees, ukubonakala kwezinambuzane ezivela eqandeni nokuguqulwa kwayo ekubeni umuntu omdala kuzohlala cishe inyanga.

Ehlobo, ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezizinzile, izinambuzane ezincane ezinolaka zizovela njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-14. Yingakho ehlobo isivuno sivame ukulimala kakhulu.

Ungayisusa kanjani

Kunezindlela eziningana zokuqeda inundu yamazambane, lesi zinambuzane eziyingozi. Ezinye zazo zilula, kanti ezinye zidinga ukulungiswa.

Indlela yebhayoloji

I-Bioinsecticide ingumkhiqizo wokucubungula amagciwane.

Imikhiqizo yebhayoloji noma, ngokunembile, ama-bioinsecticide ayimikhiqizo yemfucuza yamagciwane anomphumela onobuthi ezinambuzaneni. Azenzi ngokushesha kangako, kuze kufike ezinsukwini eziyi-10, kodwa ziphephe ngokuphelele kubantu.

Amalungiselelo ezinto eziphilayo avame ukusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokugcina izilimo eziyizigaxa. Udinga ukuqaphela, ngoba ukusebenza kwawo ngokuvamile kuwunyaka, eminye emibili kuphela.

Ezivame kakhulu yilezi: Entobacterin, Lepidocide, Bitoxibacillin Dendrobacillin.

Indlela yamakhemikhali

Ngokumelene ne-fluorimea, njengoba inundu lamazambane ngokwesayensi libizwa kanjalo, amakhemikhali awalutho ngaphandle kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Asetshenziselwa ukufutha. Zinobuthi futhi azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-21 ngaphambi kokuvuna.

Indlela ye-Agrotechnical

Indlela ye-agrotechnical ihlanganisa ukutshala nokutshala okufanele ukuze kuncishiswe inani lezinambuzane. Nazi ezinye izindlela zokulwa nebhu lamazambane:

1. Ukutshala ngendlela efanele ekujuleni okulungile ukuze izinambuzane zingafiki ezigabeni.
2. 

   Amazambane ama-Hilling.

   Ukutshala izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, kuseyisibalo esincane sezinambuzane.

3. Ukugqwala kwezihlahla nokuhlanzwa kwezikhala zemigqa.
4. Ukuchelela nge-sprinkler ukususa amacimbi.
5. Ukuvuna kanye nokuhlunga ngesikhathi.

Uma unakekela kahle futhi uhlanza isayithi, khona-ke ingozi yezinambuzane iyancishiswa.

Ukuvikelwa kwesitoreji samazambane

nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezilimele.

Ngaphambi kokubeka isitshalo ukuze sigcinwe, kufanele sihlungwe. Susa zonke izilimo eziyizigaxa ezilimele ukuze izinambuzane zingatholi imifino enempilo kuzo. Igumbi futhi lidinga ukuhlanzwa ngokufuthwa noma ukugeza ngesisombululo se-iron sulfate kanye ne-lime.

Ungakwazi ukucubungula izilimo eziyizigaxa ngokwazo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kulungiswa ama-biosolutions, lapho izilimo eziyizigaxa zibekwe khona imizuzu embalwa. Khona-ke kudingeka zomiswe kahle futhi zingathunyelwa ukuze zigcinwe.

Ukuvimbela

Ukuvikela ukutshala ezinambuzaneni ze-fluorimea, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo eziningi zokuvikela.

Phakathi kwabo:

• ukuthengwa kwezinto zokutshala kuphela ezindaweni eziqinisekisiwe;
• hluma izilimo eziyizigaxa;
• susa ukhula futhi ugxumeke izitshalo;
• ukuhlanza ngesikhathi;
• inqubo ngaphambi kokwehla futhi ngaphambi kokubeka endaweni yokugcina.

Ukwelashwa ngamalungiselelo akhethekile ngokumelene ne-Colorado beetle kuzosiza ngokumelene namabhu amazambane.

isiphetho

Ibhu lamazambane lingacekela phansi ngokushesha amasimu amakhulu amazambane. Futhi uma ingasuswanga ngokuphelele, khona-ke impango enhle, yenza ukuthi ingakufanelekeli ukugcinwa nokutshala okunye. Kungcono ukwenza zonke izindlela zokuvimbela kanye nokwelapha ezingase zibe khona ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusabalala. Ehlome ngolwazi mayelana nezici, kuyacaca ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani namabhu amazambane.