Izintuthwane ezinesibindi ziyizinambuzane eziwusizo
Umndeni wezintuthwane unezinhlobo ezahlukene ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-14, futhi cishe zonke zidlala indima ebalulekile ku-ecosystem. Izinhlobo eziningi zehlathi lezintuthwane zingabasizi bangempela bemvelo futhi ngenxa yazo inqubo yokubola kwezinsalela zezitshalo nezilwane ishesha kakhulu. Enye yalezi "ezihlelekile" intuthwane emnyama.
Okuqukethwe
Ibukeka kanjani intuthwane emnyama ye-woodworm: isithombe
Incazelo nokubukeka
Izintuthwane ezimbazi ezimnyama zingelinye lamalungu amakhulu omndeni wezintuthwane. Ubude bomzimba wabameleli balolu hlobo bungafinyelela ku-15 mm, nakuba lokhu kusebenza kuphela kumasosha nabesifazane. Umzimba womuntu osebenzayo wezintuthwane zombazi ngokuvamile awudluli u-5-10 mm ubude.
Umbala womzimba wesinambuzane umnyama ngokuphelele noma umpunga omnyama, futhi ichopho lesisu lingase libe lula kancane kunombala oyinhloko. Ubuso bomzimba bushelela futhi bucwebezela. Kunezinwele ezimpunga ezikhanyayo ezikhanyayo noma ezibomvu ekhanda, esifubeni, ikakhulukazi esiswini.
Ikhanda lombazi oyisisebenzi limise okwesikwele esinamakhona ayindilinga, kodwa emasosheni ukuma kwekhanda kufana nonxantathu. Amehlo abameleli balolu hlobo athuthukiswe kahle, okubavumela ukuba bahlukanise kalula ukunyakaza kwesisulu noma isitha esingaba khona.
Habitat
Indawo eyinhloko yalolu hlobo lwezinambuzane ihlanganisa indawo enamahlathi enyakatho ye-Asia, kanye naseningizimu neYurophu emaphakathi. Ezweni laseRussia, intuthwane emnyama ingatholakala ezifundeni ezilandelayo:
- INyakatho yeCaucasus;
- eCrimea nase-Ural;
- Western Siberia;
- Isifunda sase-Altai.
Lapho izintuthwane zababazi abamnyama zakha khona amakhaya azo
Izintuthwane ezibazi ngokuvamile zibeka izindawo zazo zokuhlala emaphethelweni ehlathi nasemaceleni, athola ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele. Lokhu kungenxa ye-thermophilicity ekhethekile yezinambuzane, ngoba izinga lokushisa lomoya elikhululekile kakhulu kubo lisuka ku-+20 kuya ku-+27 degrees Celsius.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nezindlela zokuziphatha
| Isici | Izintuthwane ezimnyama zibhekwa njengezinambuzane ezinolaka kakhulu. |
| Amasosha | Ikoloni ngalinye lalolu hlobo linemingcele ecacile yezinto, ezigadwa amasosha. Bezwa ukusondela kwesitha, abalindi ngokushesha baphonsa wonke amandla abo ekuvikeleni kwendawo yokuhlala. |
| Ulaka | Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubukhulu besitha ngeke bubavimbe. Ngisho noma umuntu ehlasela indawo yezintuthwane, izinambuzane zizama ukumluma. |
| Izidlo | Ekudleni, lezi zinambuzane azikhethi. Ukudla kwezintuthwane ezibaziyo kungabandakanya kokubili ukudla kwezitshalo nemikhiqizo yezilwane. |
| Ukutshala ama-aphid | Njengezinye izintuthwane, ababazi bavame ukuzalanisa ama-aphid ukuze bathole amazolo. |
Ukuhlomula nokulimaza abantu
Izintuthwane ezimnyama ezibaza zitholakala kakhulu endle futhi azivamile ukuphambana nabantu. Kodwa, muva nje, ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu, indawo yokuhlala yalezi zinambuzane iye yehla kakhulu.
Lokhu kuholela ekwehleni kwenani lezintuthwane zombazi, futhi kwezinye izifunda zaseRussia lolu hlobo lwaze lwafakwa ohlwini lwe-Red Book.
Amaqiniso anjalo anonya aphoqelela lezi zinambuzane ukuba zidlulele ngalé kwehlathi futhi zihlale eduze kwabantu. Izinkinga ezibangelwa ukubukeka komakhelwane abanjalo zingabonakala. Kodwa-ke, kukhona futhi izinzuzo ezivela endaweni enezintuthwane ezimnyama ezibhoboza izinkuni. Basiza ukulawula inani lezinambuzane ezincane ezihlukahlukene.
Nyamalala endaweni:
- izimbungulu zombhede;
- imvukuzane;
- izimpukane;
- ama-midges;
- izicabucabu.
Ukulimala kwezinambuzane:
- ukulimala kwefenisha;
- ukwephulwa kobuqotho bezindonga zokhuni nophahla;
- ukuvela kwama-aphid ezitshalweni zasendlini nezasengadini.
isiphetho
Zonke izidalwa eziphilayo kule planethi zinenhloso yazo, ngisho nezinambuzane ezincane zidlala indima ebalulekile. Izintuthwane ezimnyama ze-woodworm azizona izinambuzane nhlobo, kodwa nje izidalwa eziphilayo ezizama ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko ezisheshayo emhlabeni ozungezile. Ngakho-ke, lapho uqaphela i-anthill yabameleli balolu hlobo engadini, akufanele usebenzise amakhemikhali futhi ucekele phansi izinambuzane. Kungaba ubuntu kakhulu ukuzama ukususa ikoloni endaweni ethile kude - ngaphandle kwegceke.
Ngaphambilini