Izintuthwane ezinkulu emhlabeni: izinambuzane ezinkulu eziyingozi eziyi-8

I-Ant Camponotus gigas inkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwabalingani bayo. Abesifazane bafinyelela ubude buka-31-33 mm, abantu abasebenzayo bafinyelela ku-22 mm, amasosha - 28 mm. Lolu hlobo lutholakala eThailand, eMalaysia, e-Indonesia. Umzimba upendwe waba mnyama, imilenze iphuzi, ingemuva lomzimba linombala onsundu ngokubomvu. Umndeni uningi kakhulu, abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-8, ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba ye-anthill ithatha indawo eyihekthare. Lezi zintuthwane ezinkulu zidla izithelo, imbewu, inyama ebolile kanye nendle. Bazingela ebusuku futhi ngamaqembu abantu abangu-10, iminyango yendawo yokuhlala igadiwe njalo, uma kwenzeka ihlaselwa, ikhombisa ulaka. Phakathi kwemindeni kunezimpi zokuthola izindlu, impi iqhubekela phambili. Ukulunywa kwalezi zintuthwane kubuhlungu, kodwa ubuhlungu budlula ngokushesha, futhi ayikho imiphumela eyingozi empilweni yomuntu.

I-Dinoper giant noma intuthwane ye-dinosaur itholakala eNingizimu Melika. Amakoloni amaningi atholakala emahlathini ase-Amazonian eBrazil nasezintabeni zasePeru. Lezi zintuthwane zidla izinhlanzi, izinyoni, izinambuzane, zihlasela isisulu, zisilume, zisihudulele esidulini futhi zisihlinze. Amasampula asebenzayo we-giant dinoper akhula aze afike ku-33 mm. Umzimba wabo umnyama, uyacwebezela, ekhanda kukhona ama-chelicerae anamandla futhi abukhali. Lezi zintuthwane azinawo udosi noma ubuthi. Imindeni yabo ayiminingi, bambalwa abantu, abanayo indlovukazi yesifazane, kukhona abesilisa. Abesifazane abasebenzayo banezitho zobulili nama-hormone, ukuze wonke amalungu omndeni akwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo. Kodwa enye yezinsikazi izalela amaqanda futhi ikhiphe into ekhethekile, i-pheromone, ngaphansi kwethonya lawo wonke umuntu emndenini amlalelayo. Izintuthwane zakhiwe ekujuleni okungama-40 cm.

Intuthwane yenhlamvu noma intuthwane ihlala amahora angu-24 eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Yathola igama layo ngokulunywa okubuhlungu kakhulu, ukulunywa okukodwa kulinganiswa nobuhlungu ngokulunywa kweminyovu engama-20, ubuhlungu buyaphela ngosuku. Ukudla kwalezi zintuthwane umpe, ubisi lwesihlahla, izinambuzane ezincane. Abesifazane bafinyelela ku-28-30 mm ubude, abesilisa bafika ku-25 mm, abantu ngabanye babomvu-nsundu, onsundu noma onsundu. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo yimigqa ephuzi ekhanyayo emilenzeni yangaphambili. Amaduna alula kancane kunezinsikazi. Imindeni mincane, ifinyelela kubantu abayi-1000.

Izintuthwane zamasosha aseNtshonalanga Afrika i-Dorulus nigricans zingenye yezintuthwane ezinkulu ezitholakala ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Nakuba izintuthwane eziyizisebenzi zincane, zifinyelela ku-3 mm ubude, izintuthwane eziduna ezizulazulayo zingafinyelela ubude obufika ku-30 ​​mm, abesifazane ngesikhathi sokupaka, phakathi nenkathi ye-oviposition enkulu, bafinyelela osayizi berekhodi kufika ku-50 mm. Zonke izintuthwane zinsundu ngokumnyama noma zimnyama. Imindeni yabo mikhulu kakhulu, abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-22. Ukuphila kokuhlala kanye nokuzulazula kwekoloni kuthatha amasonto angu-2-3, phakathi nesikhathi esinqunyiwe, insikazi ibeka amaqanda, izibungu ziphuma kuzo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo abantu abadala bavela emifeceni yomjikelezo wokuzala odlule. Izibungu ziyaphakelwa, ziyaphuphuma, futhi ikoloni liyazulazula. Izintuthwane eziyizisebenzi zithwala imifece. Amasosha agada ikoloni. Zidla umuhlwa, zicekela phansi izindunduma zomuhlwa, ezinye izinambuzane kanye nenyama efile. Izintuthwane zamasosha ase-Afrika zinobuthi, kodwa ukulunywa akuyona ingozi kubantu.

I-bulldog intuthwane ihlala e-Australia. Umzimba walezi zintuthwane upendwe ngemibala egqamile: obomvu, ophuzi, onsundu. Abesifazane bafinyelela ku-30 ​​mm ubude, abesilisa - 21 mm, abantu abasebenzayo bafinyelela ku-26 mm. Zinemihlathi enamandla, ebukhali kanye nodosi olunobuthi. Izintuthwane ezindala zidla amajusi, umpe, izibungu zidla ezinye izinambuzane noma izintuthwane. Izintuthwane ezingama-bulldog zinolaka kakhulu, zihlasela kuqala, ubuthi buyingozi ezilwaneni nakubantu. Ngisho nokufa kuyaziwa ngemuva kokuhlatshwa yilezi zintuthwane. Ama-bulldog abona kahle, anyakaze ngokugxuma, abhukude, enze imisindo ephezulu. Baphila iminyaka emi-5.

Izintuthwane ze-Myrmecia brevinoda zitholakala e-Australia futhi lolu hlobo lwezintuthwane lulethwe ngabantu eNew Zealand. Abantu abanobukhulu obukhulu, abesifazane - 30 mm, abesilisa - 22 mm, izintuthwane eziyizisebenzi zikhula zibe ngu-36 mm. Umzimba unombala obomvu-nsundu. Ikhanda elikhulu, amehlo amakhulu aqhumile. Kukhona udosi ekugcineni kwesisu. Imindeni iqukethe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezi-2,5 kanye nendlovukazi eyodwa. Kwakhiwa isiduli bese kutshalwa izinsalela nomhlabathi. Izintuthwane eziyizisebenzi ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu, abantu abakhulu basebenza phezulu, bazingela, bagada iminyango yentuthwane futhi benza umsebenzi wokwakha ingxenye yawo engaphezulu. Ezincane, ubude bemizimba yazo buyi-13 mm, zimba amaphaseji ngaphakathi kwesiduli. Izintuthwane zalolu hlobo lwezintuthwane zibuhlungu, kodwa ubuthi abuyona ingozi kubantu, futhi ayikho imiphumela eyingozi empilweni.

Intuthwane ebomvu enesifuba esibomvu ivamile emazweni aseYurophu, itholakala endaweni yaseRussia, ngisho naseTrans-Urals. I-woodworm ihlala emahlathini ane-coniferous namaqabunga. Abantu bapendwe ngombala omnyama, isifuba kuphela esimnyama esinombala wecherry. Izinsikazi nezinduna zimnyama, zinezimpiko, zindiza ziphuma esidlekeni, futhi zenze amakoloni amasha. Zikhula zize zibe ngu-20 mm, izintuthwane eziyizisebenzi zincane kakhulu. Izintuthwane zihlala ezihlahleni eziwile, iziphunzi ezomile. Baququda emihubheni eminingi okhunini. Ngale ndlela, zingalimaza ukugawulwa kwemithi uma zizinza eziqwini zezihlahla ezigoqiwe. Ukulunywa kwezintuthwane ezibaziyo akuyingozi kubantu, azinawo ushevu noma ukuntinyela.

Intuthwane emnyama yokhuni, njengesihlobo sayo, intuthwane enesifuba esibomvu, itholakala emazweni aseYurophu, eRussia, eKazakhstan, eCaucasus ngisho naseTurkey. Izintuthwane zazo ziyizintuthwane ezimnyama emaphethelweni ehlathi, izindawo ezivulekile, izindawo ezindala ezivulekile. Intuthwane emnyama engumbazi incane kancane kunesihlobo sayo, abesilisa bafinyelela ku-15 mm ubude. Abantu abasebenzayo bancane, bafinyelela ku-3 mm. Izintuthwane zimnyama, isiphetho sesisu silula kancane, ingemuva lomzimba limbozwe izinwele ezibomvu. Kokubili ezinsikazi nezinduna zinamaphiko futhi zingandiza. Kodwa lolu hlobo lwezintuthwane luyivelakancane kakhulu futhi lubhalwe eNcwadini Ebomvu njengezilwane ezisengozini.