Izintuthwane Ezikhulile namaqanda: Incazelo Yomjikelezo Wokuphila Kwezinambuzane

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Abameleli bomkhaya wezintuthwane basakazwa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke. Lezi zinambuzane zaziwa ngamandla azo, ukusebenza kanzima, nendlela yokuphila eyinkimbinkimbi nehlelekile ngendlela emangalisayo. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zezintuthwane zihlala emakoloni futhi umuntu ngamunye unomsebenzi wakhe kanye nezibopho ezichazwe kahle. Kulokhu, inani labantu ekoloni elilodwa lingafinyelela amashumi amaningana noma ngisho namakhulu ezinkulungwane.

Okuqukethwe

Indlela izintuthwane ezizalana ngayo
- Yiziphi izigaba zokukhula kwezintuthwane
isiphetho

Indlela izintuthwane ezizalana ngayo

Izintuthwane zingazala ngokushesha. Isikhathi sokukhwelana salezi zinambuzane sibizwa ngokuthi "indiza yomshado". Ngokuya ngohlobo lwezintuthwane nezimo zezulu, ukuqala kwalesi sigaba sokuzala kuwela esikhathini kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuJulayi futhi kungathatha amasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Umjikelezo wempilo yezintuthwane.

Ngalesi sikhathi, ezinsikazi ezinamaphiko nabesilisa zihamba ziyofuna umlingani wokukhwelana. Lapho umuntu ofanelekayo etholakala, ukuvundiswa kwenzeka. Ngemva kokukhwelana, eyeduna iyafa, futhi insikazi ichitha amaphiko ayo, ihlomise isidleke futhi yakhe iqoqo elisha lezinambuzane ngaphakathi kwaso.

Imithombo yesidoda insikazi eyithola kweyeduna lapho ikhwelana yanele ukuba ivundise amaqanda kukho konke ukuphila kwayo, kuyilapho indlovukazi yezintuthwane ingaphila iminyaka engu-10 kuya kwengu-20.

Yiziphi izigaba zokukhula kwezintuthwane

Abameleli bomndeni wezintuthwane bangabezinambuzane ezinomjikelezo ophelele wokuthuthuka futhi endleleni yokuba abantu abadala, badlula ezigabeni ezimbalwa.

Iqanda

Mancane ngosayizi, amaqanda ezintuthwane awahlali eyindilinga. Ikakhulukazi i-oval noma i-oblong. Ubude obukhulu bamaqanda abudluli ku-0,3-0,5 mm. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuba insikazi izalele amaqanda, athathwa abantu abasebenzayo abanomthwalo wemfanelo ngenzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Lezi zintuthwane ezingabahlengikazi zithwala amaqanda ekamelweni elikhethekile, lapho zinamathela eziningana zazo ndawonye namathe, zenze lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "amaphakheji".

Emavikini angu-2-3 alandelayo, izintuthwane eziyizisebenzi zivakashela njalo i-oviposition futhi zikhothe iqanda ngalinye. Amathe abantu abadala aqukethe inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba, futhi lapho efika ebusweni beqanda lentuthwane, amuncwa ngegobolondo futhi ondle umbungu. Ngaphezu komsebenzi wokudla okunomsoco, amathe ezintuthwane ezindala nawo asebenza njenge-antiseptic, evimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhunta namagciwane ebusweni bamaqanda.

ULerva

Ngemva kokuba iqanda selivuthiwe, kuphuma isibungu kulo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-15-20. Ngeso lenyama, kunzima ukuhlukanisa izibungu ezisanda kuzalwa emaqandeni. Zincane, zimhlophe ngokuphuzi, futhi azinyakazi. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuba isibungu sichanyuselwe eqandeni, izintuthwane ezincelisayo zisidlulisela kwelinye ikamelo. Kulesi sigaba sokukhula, izintuthwane zesikhathi esizayo azinayo imilenze, amehlo, noma ngisho nezimpondo.

Isitho esisodwa esakhiwe ngokwanele kulesi sigaba siwumlomo, ngakho-ke impilo eyengeziwe yesibungu incike ngokuphelele osizweni lwezintuthwane eziyizisebenzi. Bachoboza futhi bamanzise ukudla okuqinile ngamathe, futhi baphakele izibungu udaka oluvelayo. Isifiso sokudla sezibungu kuhle kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, zikhula ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha nje lapho inani elanele lezakhamzimba linqwabelana emzimbeni wabo, inqubo ye-pupation iqala.

Idoli

Iziphungumangathi ziyimifece emise okweqanda, ephuzi-beige noma insundu ngokukhanyayo. Kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, i-cocoon ingase iguquke noma ingabikho ngokuphelele, ngenxa yokuthi i-silhouette yesinambuzane esivelayo ingabonakala. Yiziphungumangathi zezintuthwane abantu abazithatha ngephutha zibe amaqanda, ngoba abantu abadala bavame ukuzithwala bona. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-35-45 ngemuva kokuzala, abantu abadala abasanda kuchanyuselwa izintuthwane bayazalwa.

Izinambuzane ezincane ngokuvamile azikwazi ukuphuma zodwa emfeceni, ngakho abantu abasebenzayo baphinde basize. Izindonga ze-cocoon ziminyene kakhulu futhi "intsha" ayikwazi ukuyiphula, ngoba isikhumba sayo sisathambile futhi sithambile. Lokhu kungabonakala ngombala wabantu abadala abasanda kuzalwa, njengoba umzimba wabo ulula futhi uguquguqukayo. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3, umbala wentuthwane osemusha uba mnyama, futhi uba yilungu eligcwele lekoloni.

Imago

Izintuthwane ezindala ezavela emifeceni zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amaningana:

abesilisa abanamaphiko;
abesifazane abanamaphiko;
abesifazane abangenamaphiko.

Amaduna nezinsikazi ezinamaphiko zishiya isidleke ngesikhathi esithile futhi ziye phezulu ukuze zihlangane. Bangabasunguli bamakoloni amasha. Kodwa ezinsikazi ezingenamaphiko zingabantu abasebenzayo abaphila cishe iminyaka emi-2-3 futhi banikeza ukusekelwa kwempilo kwayo yonke i-anthill.

Izintuthwane ezindala.

isiphetho

Izintuthwane ziyizidalwa ezimangalisayo ezingenasithakazelo kuma-entomologists kuphela, kodwa nakubantu abavamile. Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwabo awufani ikakhulukazi namabhungane, izimvemvane noma izinyosi, kodwa emhlabeni wezinambuzane kunzima kakhulu ukuthola labo abazobonisa inani elifanayo lokunaka nokunakekela inzalo yabo.

Ngaphambilini

IzintuthwaneI-Myrmecophilia ubuhlobo phakathi kwe-aphid nentuthwane.

Okulandelayo

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