Ama-Horsflies: isithombe kanye nomlingiswa wezinambuzane ezinkulu ezimunca igazi
Ihlobo linuka amajikijolo amasha, ebusuku kakhulu namadolo ashukiwe. Ngemisebe yokuqala yelanga, zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ziyavuka. Futhi uma ezinye zinenzuzo, ezinye zicasula nje ngomsindo wabo nokungena, kukhona lezo ezingakonakalisa ngokuphawulekayo okunye. Zinjalo izimpukane.
Okuqukethwe
Izimpukane: isithombe
Incazelo yalesi sinambuzane
Igama: izimpukane
Isi-Latin:TabanidaeIbanga: Izinambuzane - isinambuzane
Isigcawu: I-Diptera - i-Diptera
 | Izindawo zokuhlala: | yonke indawo |
 | Kuyingozi ku-: | imfuyo, abantu |
 | Izindlela zokubhubhisa: | izicupho, amakhemikhali |
Ama-Horsflies umndeni omkhulu wezinambuzane ze-Diptera. Zitholakala yonke indawo futhi zihambisana nesimo sezulu kanye nesimo sezulu. Zitholakala yonke indawo ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica, i-Iceland neziqhingi zaseHawaii.
Labo ababehlala esigodini futhi begcina umuzi bajwayelene kakhulu nalezi zimpukane ezinkulu. Izimpukane zihlala nezinkomo namahhashi. Izinsikazi zidla igazi lama-ungulates ngaphezu kwe-nectar.
Izimpukane zithwala inqwaba yamagciwane, amagciwane, i-helminths kanye ne-protozoa engumthombo wezifo kubantu nemfuyo.
Umjikelezo wokuphila
Isinambuzane sidlula ezigabeni ezimbalwa zomjikelezo wokuphila. Lawa ngamaqanda, izibungu, iziphungumangathi kanye nabantu abadala.
Usayizi wabo ungahluka kusuka ku-1,3 mm kuya ku-3 mm. Umbala wabo uncike ezimweni lapho zikhula khona. Ezimnyama zisezifundeni ezisenyakatho ukuze zimunce ukukhanya. Kuye ngohlobo, zingase zibe ngezendlalelo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, ngesimo sephiramidi, fan noma iconsi.
Umumo ungaba yi-fusiform noma umumo wepheya. Zingaba mhlophe, zibe nsundu, zibe nsundu noma zibe luhlaza okotshani. Ubude bungahluka kuye ngezinhlobo, kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-5 cm.
Zinsundu, zinemilenze, amehlo, nezimpiko. Ubude buyahlukahluka kuye ngo-9 kuya ku-35 mm. Angakhula emanzini noma emhlabathini. Badla kakhulu, baze bathambekele ekubeni namazimuzimu.
omdala, imago
Imago ngokushesha kakhulu ukuphila ukuphila kwabo. Abesilisa abaphili izinsuku ezingaphezu kweziyi-7, futhi ekuthunjweni bangahlala amasonto ama-3. Izinsikazi ziphila isikhathi eside, kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kwenyanga.
| Inhloko | Izinhlobo eziningi zinamehlo amakhulu, kodwa kukhona lezo ezincishisiwe. Kukhona izimpondo kanye nemishini ehlabayo emlonyeni. |
| Isifuba | Umnyango uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezi-3. Isifuba nemigqomo emibili, zimbozwe izinwele. |
| Amaphiko | Ithuthuke kahle, ipheya elilodwa. |
| Izingibe | Amapheya amathathu emilenze, emhlane ama-spurs aqinile. |
| Isisu | Ibanzi, isicaba kancane. Ekupheleni kwemishini yokukopisha. |
Indlela yokuphila yabantu abadala
Ngokuthakazelisayo, isinambuzane esisheshayo singolunye lwezinhlobo zezimpukane. Ijubane layo ngu-145 km/h.
Indlela yokuqeda i-horsefly
Phakathi nokuphila kwazo, izimpukane zibangela umonakalo omkhulu emnothweni. Ukuhlasela kwabo okukhulu kwemfuyo kunciphisa ukungatheleleki kanye namandla. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi izinkomo nezimbuzi zize zinciphise ukukhiqizwa kobisi. Baphatha izifo eziyingozi:
- uvendle;
- i-tularemia;
- i-anthrax;
- i-trypanosomiasis.
Ukulunywa kubantu kuyingozi - kubangela ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala.
Izindlela Zemishini
Lezi izindlela zokusiza ukubamba izimpukane, zifile noma ziphila. Okungcono kakhulu kule ndaba yizindlela ezinjalo.
Amakhemikhali
impukane.
Kwezolimo, ngokunqwabelana okukhulu kwezilwane eziyingozi, kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali. Kunamaqembu amathathu amakhulu awo:
- I-Phosphorusorganic. Izinto zingena zibangele ukukhubazeka. I-Dichlorvos, Umafos, Karbofos ilula futhi iyasebenza.
- ama-pyrethroids. Thintana nezibulala-zinambuzane ezisebenza kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula nokukhula. Lezi yiSumitrin, Fenvalerate, Bioalletrin.
- Amalungiselelo nge-chlorine. Izingxube ze-bactericidal kanye ne-oxidizing ezisetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane. Lona uLindane, iMethoxychlor.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha
Ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yimaphi amakhemikhali kusho ukuthintana nawo ngqo. Ukuze uphephe, landela lezi zinyathelo ezilula:
- Sebenza ngamagilavu.
- Ungadli futhi ungabhemi ngesikhathi kuqhubeka inqubo.
- Yenza izinyathelo zokuvimbela (amaxhaphozi okukhipha amanzi kanye namadamu).
isiphetho
Izimpukane ezinkulu zingalimaza ezolimo futhi zibangele ukungakhululeki kubantu. Bathwala izifo futhi balume kabuhlungu. Lapho izinambuzane ezindizayo zivela, udinga ukuqala ngokushesha ukulwa.
Ngaphambilini