I-Bombardier Beetles: I-Talented Artillerymen
Izimbungulu ze-Bombardier zaziwa ngamakhono azo ezikhali - zidubula zibuyela ezitheni, azibalekeli. Lezi zimfanelo zibasiza ukuba bazivikele ezitheni. Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi behlola indlela engavamile yokudubula izinambuzane.
Okuqukethwe
Libukeka kanjani ibhungane lokushaya amaphuzu: isithombe
Incazelo yebhungane
Igama: I-Bombardier
Isi-Latin: I-BrachinusIbanga: Izinambuzane - isinambuzane
Isigcawu: I-Coleoptera - i-Coleoptera
Umndeni: Amabhungane aphansi - Carabidae
 | Izindawo zokuhlala: | amasimu, amathafa namagquma |
 | Kuyingozi ku-: | izinambuzane ezincane |
 | Izindlela zokubhubhisa: | uphephile, ungalimazi abantu |
I-Bombardier ayilona ibhungane elilodwa, kodwa amalungu omndeni webhungane lomhlabathi. Akubona bonke abantu abahloliwe, umndeni ongaphansi kukaPaussin awaziwa abantu futhi uyisihloko esithakaselwayo.
Ubukhulu bebhungane buhluka kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-15 mm. Umzimba unomumo we-oval obude. Umbala umnyama. Kukhona i-metallic sheen. Ingxenye yomzimba ipendwe ngokubomvu ngokunsundu.
Umshayi magoli webhungane ekuhlaseleni.
Ekugcineni kwekhanda kunezinsimbi ezimise okwesikela ababamba ngazo baklebhule inyamazane yabo. Amehlo anosayizi omaphakathi adizayinelwe impilo efiphele. Kukhona ama-supraorbital setae emehlweni. Izikhwebu nezidladla zibomvu ngokumnyama. Izitho zohlobo olugijimayo.
I-Elytra ingaba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza noma emnyama enemifantu emide engashoni. Amabhungane asebenzisa izitho ngaphezu kwamaphiko. Abantu besifazane nabesilisa bayafana. Izitho zabesilisa zifakwe izingxenye ezengeziwe.
Indawo yokuhlala nokusabalalisa
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwebhungane lokushaya amaphuzu yibhungane eliqhumayo. Indawo yokuhlala - eYurophu nase-Asia. Bakhetha izindawo ezomile eziyisicaba kanye nomhlabathi oswakeme ngokusesilinganisweni.
Ezindaweni zeRussian Federation, zitholakala yonke indawo, kusukela endaweni yaseSiberia kuya eChibini iBaikal. Kodwa kunabantu abathile ezintabeni, hhayi ezindaweni eziyisicaba kuphela.
Umjikelezo wokuphila
Ama-Bombardier asebenza ebusuku kuphela. Emini bacasha ezindaweni zokukhosela. Abantu abasha kuphela abandizayo, okudingeka bazi kahle le ndawo. Ebusika, bangena ku-diapause, lapho zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic zinciphisa futhi zicishe zima.
I-diapause efanayo ingase yenzeke kubhungane lokushaya amaphuzu ehlobo elishisayo ngesikhathi sesomiso.
Ngemva kwesonto, isibungu siba njengesibungu. Isigaba sokuzala sithatha izinsuku eziyi-10. Umjikelezo wonke wokuthuthukiswa yizinsuku ezingama-24. Amabhungane ahlala ezindaweni ezipholile awakwazi ukunikeza inzalo engaphezu kweyodwa phakathi nonyaka. Abashaya amagoli ezindaweni ezishisayo zezulu bakhiqiza inzalo yesibili ekwindla. Umjikelezo wokuphila kwabesifazane ungaphezu konyaka, kanti abesilisa - cishe iminyaka emi-3.
Ukudla kwebhungane lokushaya amaphuzu
Amabhungane ayizinambuzane ezidla inyama. Izibungu ziyazidla futhi zidla iziphungumangathi zamanye amabhungane. Abantu abadala baqoqa imfucumfucu yokudla. Bayakwazi ukucekela phansi izihlobo ezincane.
Ukuvikela ibhungane lokushaya amaphuzu ezitheni
Indlela yokuvikela ingeyokuqala kakhulu. Lapho izitha zisondela, isinambuzane sifutha ingxube yegesi noketshezi olushisayo, eshisayo nenuka kabi.
I-cavity yesisu ifakwe izindlala ezimbili - idivayisi yokudubula ebhanqiwe. Amakhemikhali asezindlala. Indlala ngayinye inezingxenye ezimbili. Elinye lamakhompathimenti lisebenza njengendawo yokugcina amanzi e-hydroquinone ne-hydrogen peroxide, kanti eyesibili njengendawo yokusabela enama-catalases nama-peroxidase.
Lapho kuvela izitha, i-hydroquinone ne-hydrogen peroxide kukhishwa endlaleni yesibili. I-hydrogen peroxide ikhipha umoya-mpilo. Ukucindezela ekamelweni kuyakhuphuka, futhi izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-100 degrees. Ibhungane liyakwazi ukudubula kunoma iyiphi indawo.
Amaconsi engxube angaba mancane futhi abe mkhulu. Isinambuzane siyakwazi ukulawula le nqubo. Amaconsi amakhulu aklanyelwe amabanga amafushane, futhi amaconsi amancane aklanyelwe amabanga amade.
Inombolo enkulu yamashothi ifinyelela ku-20. Amashothi amasha angenzeka ngemuva kwekhefu okungenani lemizuzu engama-30. Izibhamu ezishisayo nezinobuthi zibulala noma zixoshe izilwane ezidla ezinye.
Amakhemikhali awayona ingozi kubhungane le-bombardier, njengoba ukuqhuma kungenzeki emzimbeni. Futhi lesi ngesinye isifundo esifundwayo. Yeka ukuthi ukusabela kanye nomthamo wezingxube kubalwa ngokufanele kangakanani, ukuthi ukuqhuma kwenzeka ngendlela yokuthi ibhungane ngokwalo lingalinyazwa.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana namabhungane ashaya amaphuzu
Amanye amaqiniso ngesinambuzane:
- indlela yokudubula kanye nokusabela kwamakhemikhali kuyisisekelo sokuklama kwemishini yobuchwepheshe. Ososayensi baqala kabusha izinjini zejethi ngendlela efanayo;
- ngokusabela okungalindelekile, isele lingagwinya oshaya amagoli. Ukudubula kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwesele. Uvele akhafula ibhungane eliphilayo.
isiphetho
Amabhungane ashaya amaphuzu ayizidalwa zemvelo ezihlukile. Abalimazi abantu. Ngokudla izinambuzane, zinenzuzo emasimini nasezingadini. Futhi indlela yabo yasekuqaleni yokuzivikela ezinambuzaneni iyindaba yocwaningo kanye nesithakazelo sososayensi.
Ngaphambilini