Ukuhlolwa Kokutheleleka Kwethika: I-Algorithm Yokuhlonza I-Parasite Ukuhlonza Ingozi Yokutheleleka

Ihlala kuphi imikhaza

Imikhaza ye-Ixodes, eyingozi kakhulu kubantu, ihlala ehlathini nasezindaweni ezisemaqeleni. Izindawo abazithanda kakhulu amahlathi avuthulukayo anomswakama ngokumaphakathi naxubile. Izinambuzane eziningi zitholakala ngaphansi kwemihosha yasehlathini, otshanini, ezindaweni eziminyene. Muva nje, imikhaza iya ngokuya ihlasela abantu nezilwane endaweni yasemadolobheni: amapaki, izikwele ngisho namagceke.

Kungani imikhaza iyingozi kubantu?

Ingozi enkulu yama-parasites isemandleni abo okuthwala izifo eziyimbangela yezifo ezimbi kakhulu.

Izifo ezivame kakhulu zomkhaza zihlanganisa:

• i-encephalitis;
• i-borreliosis (isifo saseLyme);
• i-piroplasmosis;
• i-erlichiosis;
• i-anaplasmosis.

Lezi zifo ziba yimbangela yokukhubazeka komuntu, okubangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwemizwa nengqondo, futhi kucekele phansi izitho zangaphakathi. I-encephalitis eyingozi kakhulu ephethwe umkhaza: kwezinye izimo, umphumela ungabulala.

Indlela yokuvimbela ukulunywa komkhaza

Ukuhambisana nemithetho elula lapho uhamba ehlathini kuzosiza ukugwema ukuhlaselwa kwe-bloodsucker futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukutheleleka ngamagciwane ayingozi:

• ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu: amalungiselelo okuxosha kanye ne-acaricidal ngendlela yezifutho nama-aerosols kubantu, amakholomu namaconsi ezilwane;
• ukusetshenziswa kwezingubo ezinemibala ekhanyayo - kulula ukubona i-parasite kuyo ngesikhathi;
• izingubo zangaphandle kufanele zifakwe ebhulukweni, iziphetho zamabhulukwe - zibe amasokisi namabhuzu;
• intamo nekhanda kumele kuhlanganiswe isikhafu noma ihood;
• ngesikhathi sokuhamba, ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kube khona imikhaza emzimbeni nasezimpahleni.

Okufanele ukwenze uma ulunywe umkhaza

Umkhaza kufanele ukhishwe futhi ulethwe elabhorethri kungakapheli amahora angama-24 ulunyiwe. Ukuze ususe i-parasite, kungcono ukuthintana nesikhungo sokuhlukumezeka noma umtholampilo endaweni yokuhlala.

Lapho ususa umaka ngokwakho, kufanele uhambisane nezincomo ezilandelayo:

Ungawuthathaphi umaki ukuze uhlaziywe

Umkhaza uyiswa elabhorethri ye-microbiological ukuze uhlaziywe. Njengomthetho, ama-laboratories anjalo ayatholakala esikhungweni sokuhlanzeka kanye ne-epidemiology, kanye nasezikhungweni eziningi zezokwelapha ezizimele.

Ucwaningo lwaselabhorethri lomukha

Ama-bloodsuckers asusiwe ahlolwa ngezindlela ezimbili:

1. I-PCR - DNA / RNA yamagciwane e-encephalitis ethwalwa umkhaza, i-borreliosis, i-anaplasmosis ne-ehrlichiosis, i-rickettsiosis.
2. I-ELISA iyi-antigen yegciwane le-encephalitis elithwala umkhaza.

Inkomba yenhloso yocwaningo

Kunconywa ukuthatha ithikhi ukuze uhlaziye kuzo zonke izimo ngaphandle kokukhetha. Lokhu kuzovumela ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu ukuhlola ingozi yokutheleleka ngezifo ezibangelwa umkhaza futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo ngesikhathi esifanele.

Ukulungiselela inqubo

I-parasite ekhishwe ngocezu lukakotini olumanzi kufanele ifakwe esitsheni esikhethekile noma esinye isitsha esinesivalo esiqinile.

Imikhaza eminingi ethathwe kubantu abehlukene akufanele ifakwe esitsheni esisodwa.

I-parasite ephilayo ingase igcinwe esiqandisini ekushiseni kwama-+2-8 degrees ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Njengoba kunikezwe ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-encephalitis kanye nobude besikhathi socwaningo, kunconywa ukuthi umkhaza uhlaziywe ngosuku lokususwa.

Thikha ukuhlola ukutheleleka

Ukudluliselwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokumunca umkhaza kulowo ohlukunyeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-causative agents of the infection kanye nokubonakaliswa komtholampilo kwalesi sifo kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe.

Yini engathinta umphumela

Isikhathi sezifundo ze-PCR singanwetshwa lapho ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa kwenziwa.

Ukusebenza okuvamile

Uma umphumela wokuhlaziywa ungalungile, ifomu lizobonisa ukuthi "akutholakali". Lokhu kusho ukuthi azikho izingcezu ezithile ze-RNA noma ze-DNA zamagciwane athwalwa umkhaza atholakala emzimbeni womkhaza.

Izinkomba zokuqopha

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lezi zifundo zisekelwe ekutholeni izingcezu ze-DNA ne-RNA zamagciwane ezifo ezithwalwa yimikhaza emzimbeni wesilwane. Izinkomba azinayo i-quantitative character, zingatholakala (khona-ke impendulo yelabhorethri izobonisa ukuthi "itholiwe") noma cha (impendulo izobonisa ukuthi "ayitholakali").

Ukucacisa amagama amagciwane athwalwa imikhaza:

• I-encephalitis ethwala umkhaza, i-TBEV - i-ejenti eyimbangela ye-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza;
• I-Borrelia burgdorferi sl - i-agent causative ye-borreliosis, isifo se-Lyme;
• I-Anaplasma phagocytophilum iyimbangela ye-granulocytic anaplasmosis yomuntu;
• I-Ehrlichia chaffeensis/E.muris-FL iyimbangela ye-ehrlichiosis.

Isibonelo sokuchazwa komphumela wenhlolovo:

• I-encephalitis Virus, i-TBEV - itholiwe;
• I-Borrelia burgdorferi sl - ayitholakali.

Esibonelweni esinikeziwe, umkhaza ofundisiwe utholakale une-encephalitis, kodwa hhayi nge-borreliosis.

Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe uma kwenzeka kuchezuka kokujwayelekile

Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuhlola umkhaza ngenjongo yokutholwa kusenesikhathi ukutheleleka kwalowo olunyiwe, kuhle ukuba kwenziwe ukuhlaziya okulinganiselwe kwamasosha omzimba ekilasi le-IgM kugciwane le-encephalitis elithwalwa umkhaza. Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka nge-encephalitis, amasosha omzimba atholakala ezinsukwini ezingu-10-14 ngemva kokulunywa, ngakho-ke akunangqondo ukuthatha izivivinyo ze-encephalitis ngokushesha ngemva kokulunywa - ngeke abonise lutho.