Ubukeka kanjani umkhaza: izithombe zemikhaza eyingozi kakhulu ethwala izifo ezibulalayo

Umbhali walesi sihloko

Ukubukwa kwe-249

8 imiz. ukufunda

Akekho umuntu onjalo ongakaze ahlangane nemikhaza. Othile wahlangana nalezi zinambuzane edlelweni, ezinye zelapha izilwane ezifuywayo ze-demodicosis, futhi othile waze waba notwayi ngokwakhe. Konke lokhu kuwumphumela wezinambuzane ezibizwa ngokuthi izibungu. Yeka ukuthi umkhaza ubukeka kanjani, isithombe kanye nencazelo yezinhlobo eziyinhloko, zingavikela abantu nezilwane.

Okuqukethwe

Incazelo yethikhi
Izinhlobo zemikhaza
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngemikhaza

Incazelo yethikhi

Umkhaza yi-arthropod, eyingxenye yama-arachnids. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-54 zezinhlobo zazo, ngakho ukubukeka nemikhuba yabameleli abahlukene kuhlukile. Kodwa ukwakheka nezici zicishe zifane.

Isithombe somkhaza olambile futhi owondleke kahle.

Isakhiwo somkhaza

Ama-arthropods ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezimbili, kuye ngesakhiwo. Bangase babe nomzimba:

ikhanda nesifuba esihlanganisiwe, izinhlobo zibizwa ngokuthi zesikhumba;
ngokunamathiselwe okunyakazayo kwekhanda emzimbeni, kodwa ngegobolondo eliminyene. Babizwa nge-armored.

Izinambuzane zingasuka ku-0,08 mm ziye ku-4 mm ngosayizi. Akekho noyedwa kwabamele abanye onamaphiko futhi ongakwazi ukugxuma.

Ukubona, ukuthinta nokudla

Imikhaza ayinazo izitho zokubona kanjalo, ayinawo amehlo. Kodwa ngenxa yezitho zabo zezinzwa, bangabazingeli abahle. Imishini yomlomo iqukethe i-chelicerae kanye ne-pedipalps. Owokuqala ukhonza ukugaya ukudla, kanti okwesibili - ukukhathazeka.

Ube isisulu somkhaza?

Yebo, kwenzekile Cha, ngenhlanhla

Uhlobo lokudla

Imikhaza ingaba yizinhlobo ezimbili kuye ngokuthanda kwabo ukudla: ama-saprophages kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye.

Isici saleli klasi ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kakhulu kwezimo zemvelo abahlala kuzo.

AmaSaprophage adla ubisi lwezitshalo, izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo, amafutha, izingcezu zothuli, isikhumba somuntu esifile.

Izilwane ezizingelayo zithanda igazi, zingadla abantu nezilwane. Ukubekezelela kalula indlala futhi ube nezinga eliphezulu lokusinda.

Ukukhiqiza kanye nomjikelezo wempilo

Phakathi kwemikhaza, cishe abekho abantu abakwazi ukuzala bephila. Iningi labo lidlula emjikelezweni wokuphila ogcwele.

Thika umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa

Kulula ukulandelela umjikelezo wempilo esibonelweni sezinhlobo ezidla imikhaza.

Ukuze insikazi izalele amaqanda, kufanele isuthe ngokuphelele. Ukwenza lokhu, udla igazi izinsuku ezingu-8-10. Umuntu oyedwa uyakwazi ukubekela amaqanda afinyelela ku-2,5 XNUMX. Isikhathi lapho izibungu zivela emaqandeni sihlukile kuhlobo ngalunye.

Izibungu zincane, njengembewu ye-poppy, zinemilenze emithathu, futhi zifana nama-arthropods amadala. Aqinile, angaphila ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside noma ezimeni ezingafanele.

Inqubo yokuguqula isibungu sibe i-nymph yenzeka ngemva kokuba umhlaseli usugcwele izinsuku ezingu-5-6. I-nymph inamapheya angu-4 ezitho futhi inkulu. Kulezi zigaba, imikhaza idala umonakalo ofanayo nowabantu abadala.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, ebusika noma ngokuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco, i-nymph ingaba sesimweni esifanayo isikhathi eside, ngaphambi kokuba ibe umuntu omdala. Ubude bempilo buhluka kuye ngezinhlobo zemikhaza, izimo zokuphila kanye nokudla okwanele.

Izinhlobo zemikhaza

Izinhlobo eziningi zemikhaza azikakahlolisiswa nhlobo. Asakazwa yonke indawo nakuzo zonke izindawo ze-biosphere. Akuzona zonke izinambuzane, kodwa kukhona abameleli abayingozi.

imikhaza ixodid

Imikhaza ye-Ixodid iyizilwane ezidla ezinye kanye nezimuncagazi, iyingozi kubantu nasezilwaneni ezifuywayo. Emvelweni, kunabameleli balolu hlobo abangaphezu kuka-650, abatholakala yonke indawo. Kuyaqinisekiswa ukuthi nase-Antarctica kukhona imikhaza ye-ixodid eqeda amaphengwini. Imizimba yalolu hlobo lwemikhaza inokuhlukaniswa okucacile kwesisu kanye ne-cephalothorax, igobolondo eliqinile limbozwe ungqimba we-chitinous. Isakhiwo sezitho zabo zomlomo sihambisana nohlobo lokudla: i-proboscis iqukethe imihlathi engaphezulu nephansi esika isikhumba. Amatende asiza ukuthola isisulu, ayisitho sokuthinta. Ubukhulu bezinambuzane bungaba kusuka ku-2,5 mm kuya ku-4 mm, noma kunjalo, lapho kugcwele igazi, isisu salaba bantu sikhuphuka izikhathi ezingu-2,5. Laba bameleli bangabathwali bezifo eziningi eziyingozi kubantu nasezilwaneni.

Izibungu ze-Argas

Izibungu ze-Argas nazo ziyingozi ezilwaneni ezifuywayo, kanye nezinkomo nakubantu. Ziluma kabuhlungu, amalungu amaningi alolu hlobo anamathe anobuthi abangela ukulunywa nobuhlungu obubi, angena egazini lapho elunywa. Ama-parasite aphila isikhathi eside, noma elambile angaba khona iminyaka engu-8-10. Abameleli bangaba amamilimitha angu-3 noma abahle kakhulu - amasentimitha angu-3. Ngokuvamile baphuzi, bampunga noma ba-brownish, lapho begcwele, imizimba iba nsundu ngokumnyama noma onsundu. Izici ezihlukile zalolu hlobo yi-dimorphism yezocansi - iduna lincane kakhulu kunowesifazane, mhlawumbe izikhathi eziningana. Ngaphezu kokuhlalisana eduze kwabantu, bathanda kakhulu izidleke zezinyoni zabo, futhi bavame ukuqhekeka nasezakhiwo ngezinhloso ezihlukahlukene. Bathanda imigede ehlukene nemifantu yamatshe.

Izibungu zegobolondo

Izibungu zamagobolondo aziyona ingozi kubantu nasezifuyweni. Iningi lazo lihlala phezu komhlabathi, kodwa ezinye zihlala ezihlahleni. Izinhlobo zezikhali zidla izinsalela ezihlukahlukene zemikhiqizo ephilayo, zidla inyama ebolile, ulele noma isikhunta. Zizingelwa ngenkuthalo izinyoni ezinhlobonhlobo, eziyizitha zazo zemvelo. Ama-arachnids angaba abathwali be-helminths, ngisho nezikelemu ze-tapeworm, ngakho-ke zingaba usongo ezinyoni ezifanayo. Ngokusho kwegama, banegobolondo eliqinile eliqinile, okuthi, lapho ligcwele, futhi, njengezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, livuvukala ngokuphawulekayo.

Izibungu ze-Gamazov

Izibungu zeGamasid ziyizinhlobo ezicebile kakhulu, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-6000. Ngokuya nge-subspecies, ubukhulu bungaba kusuka ku-0,2 kuya ku-2,5 mm. Imizimba yazo imise okweqanda, insundu kancane noma imhlophe. Phakathi kwabameleli kungase kube inyamazane edla inyama yonke kanye nezinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwakho konke ziwusongo ezilwaneni. Angadla izidleke ezidlekeni, emigodini, ezidlekeni, enhlabathini nasezindaweni zemfuyo. Phakathi kwama-arachnid e-gamasid, kukhona futhi ayingozi kubantu abaluma kabuhlungu futhi baphathe izifo ezihlukahlukene.

I-subcutaneous mite

Abamele izibungu ezingaphansi kwesikhumba bangabangane njalo bomuntu, ngenani elincane bahlala behlala esikhumbeni futhi babambe iqhaza emsebenzini ojwayelekile wokufihla. Lapho ukutholakala kwezibungu ezingaphansi kwesikhumba kukhulu kakhulu kunokuvamile, zikhula ngenkuthalo, zihlala ngaphansi kwesikhumba somuntu futhi ziletha izinkinga eziningi: ukulunywa, ukucasuka nokungakhululeki. Inkinga evame kakhulu umuntu angase ahlangabezane nayo i-demodicosis, i-acne kanye nokungezwani komzimba. Lolu hlobo lwe-parasite lukhula ngokushesha. Nakuba izinsikazi ziphila cishe izinsuku ezingu-90, ngayinye yazo ngalesi sikhathi ingabekela amaqanda angaba ngu-100, okuzovela izibungu ezisebenzayo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Izibungu zotwayi

Izinhlobo ze-arachnid ezibanga utwayi. Bangakwazi ukuqeda kokubili izilwane nabantu. Enkambweni yokuphila, benza izimbobo ezincane esikhumbeni sabantu nezilwane, amavesi abo, alume futhi avuvukale. Izibungu ezivela emaqandeni e-itch zidla igazi, ngenxa yokulunywa okukhulu, ukutheleleka kuvame ukungeniswa emanxebeni. Ama-Microspoky arachnids angaphandle komzimba womuntu awavumelani nokuphila.

Izibungu zendlebe

Lezi zimbuzane ezincane zihlala kuphela emakati nasezinjeni kuma-auricles. Ziphindaphindeka ngokushesha futhi ngobuningi zimboze ama-auricles ngaphakathi, zivuse ukuhlanganisa okunamandla, kuze kufike ezilonda nokuvuvukala. Kubantu, lolu hlobo aluyona ingozi.

izibungu zothuli

Zibizwa nangokuthi ilineni noma umbhede ngokuthanda kwazo ezindaweni zokuhlala. Zidla izinsalela zesikhumba somuntu, uthuli, izimpaphe. Izindawo abazithanda kakhulu yifenisha ene-upholstered, okokulala, omatilasi, imicamelo, amathoyizi athambile kanye nemibhede yezilwane ezifuywayo. Ukulunywa yile mikhaza emincane akubonakali, kodwa kuningi okulimazayo. Ekuphileni kwabo, bakhipha imfucuza umuntu ayihogelayo. Umzimba usabela kulezi zinhlayiya njengezinto ezingezwani nomzimba ezinamandla kakhulu.

spider mite

Amalungu alo mndeni ayizinambuzane zezitshalo. Phakathi kwabo kukhona abadla imifino kuphela abadla amajusi ezicubu ezithambile. Ziholela ekuwohlokeni kwesimo sesitshalo ngisho nokufa okuphelele. Azideleli noma yiziphi izingxenye zezitshalo, kokubili engadini, engadini nasezimbalini zasendlini. Ukulwa nalolu hlobo lwezinambuzane kuwumsebenzi onzima, ikakhulukazi uma zisabalele.

izibungu zamanzi

Kulo mndeni kukhona abantu abahlala emanzini ahlanzekile nanosawoti. Bangama-parasites abakhileyo emanzini, izilwane ezidla ezinye. Zihlala emigodini yabakhileyo olwandle noma emzimbeni wezinambuzane. Bagwaza izisulu, bajove imfihlo ephenduka ukudla. Leli qembu linabameleli abangaphezu kuka-5000. Zincane ngosayizi, zinde kancane noma zi-oblong, zinemilenze yangemuva emide embozwe ama-bristles futhi isiza ukubhukuda.

imikhaza yesibaya

Lolu hlobo lomkhaza alilimazi ngokuqondile abantu, kodwa lumosha ukudla. Izinhlamvu ezihlaselwe yizinambuzane aziqhubi kahle, isitokwe sokusanhlamvu, ufulawa neminye imikhiqizo eyinqwaba iyavaleka, ikhunte futhi ibole. Uma ukudla okutheleleke ngomkhaza kungena emzimbeni womuntu, khona-ke ukukhungatheka, ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, ngisho nobuthi kuyaqala. Lezi zinhlobo zincane, zifinyelela ku-0,5 mm ngosayizi, zimhlophe-nsundu, zicishe zikhanye, kodwa zinemihlathi eqinile.

izimbuzane zamadlelo

Lona ummeleli ovamile we-oda le-Ixodes. Isakazwa eSiberia, e-Asia naseYurophu, ehlathini-asemaqeleni nasehlathini. Zilimaza izilwane futhi zidla abantu futhi. Ukulunywa kwabo kuyingozi futhi kuyingozi, kungaba umthwali we-encephalitis noma isifo. Imikhaza elambile ibonisa ulaka, ilume isikhumba izikhathi ezingu-4-5 ngaphambi kokuqala ukunamathela. I-bloodsucker eyondleke kahle ingafinyelela ubukhulu obuyi-15 mm.

Imikhaza yenja ensundu

Laba bameleli bayingozi ezinja kuphela, abadli ngegazi lomuntu noma kuyaqabukela. Ihlala ogwini nasehlathini-asemaqeleni. Ama-arachnids angahlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokudla, acashe emifantwini, ezindongeni nangaphansi kwamatshe. Ngemva kokudla igazi lesisulu sabo, bavele bawa kuze kube ngokulandelayo.

Abavuni imikhaza

I-oda elincane lama-arachnids anemilenze emide nomzimba oval. Laba bameleli bahlala phansi ehlathini nangaphansi kwamatshe, bahlala emazweni ashisayo. Phakathi kwabameleli bathola izilwane ezizingelayo kanye nezinhlamvu zesikhunta, ama-lichens.

umkhaza we-steppe

Kusatshalaliswa yonke indawo lapho kunezitshalo. Emathafeni, ngisho nasotshanini obuphansi, otshanini notshani, lo mmeleli wama-arachnids uphila. Uhlushwa izifo eziningi lapho eluma, akazixwayi izilwane zasekhaya, imfuyo, kodwa uthanda abantu.

Umkhaza we-Taiga

Omunye ummeleli wama-Ixodes. Ithanda amahlozi ezihlahla, ngokwegama, ezihlahleni nasetshanini obude. Ubukhulu bezinsikazi ezindala buyi-3,8 mm, futhi uma bondliwa ngegazi - 13 mm. Ithwala izifo eziningi ezingaba yingozi kubantu nasezilwaneni.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngemikhaza

Akuzona zonke izibungu eziyingozi futhi ezimbi. Kodwa kukhona amaqiniso ambalwa angase akumangaze.

Abanye abantu bangaphila iminyaka emi-3 ngaphandle kokudla.
Imikhaza ine-parthenogenesis, izalela amaqanda angavundisiwe, kodwa inzalo ivela kuwo.
Umkhaza otheleleke nge-encephalitis ubekela amaqanda asevele atheleleke.
Amaduna awakuthandi ukudla, adla kancane kakhulu. Abesifazane bahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Lawa ma-arachnid angesinye sezidalwa eziqine kakhulu. Ezinye zazo zingaba khona endaweni engenalutho futhi zikwazi ukumelana nesibonakhulu se-electron.

Ngaphambilini

AmathikithiI-Ixodes persulcatus kusukela ku-oda lemikhaza ye-ixodid: iyini i-parasite eyingozi futhi yiziphi izifo ezithwalayo

Okulandelayo

AmathikithiIzibungu Zothuli