Ubani odla imikhaza ochungechungeni lokudla: yiziphi izinyoni ezidla "ama-bloodsuckers" nokuthi kungani ama-parasite edlula izintuthwane zehlathi

Obani imikhaza

Imikhaza ingeyesigaba sama-arachnids, ahlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-25. Zincane kakhulu, zihluka ngosayizi ukusuka ku-000 kuye ku-0,1 mm, akuvamile ukuba zifinyelele ku-0,5 mm ubude. Imikhaza ayinamaphiko, ihamba ngezinzwa.

Iphunga inyamazane yayo ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-10, idla igazi. Umzimba wesifazane umbozwe izikali, ngenxa yokuthi umzimba wakhe uyakwazi ukwelula, ngemva kokuba usugcwele igazi, futhi wanda ngosayizi.

Incazelo kanye nezinhlobo

Umzimba we-bloodsucker unekhanda kanye ne-torso, futhi banemilenze ehambayo engu-8. Ikhanda liklanywe ngendlela yokuthi livumela ukuthi lilungiswe emzimbeni womuntu ohlukunyezwayo ngendlela yokuthi kube nzima ukulikhipha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-bloodsucker isakhipha amathe, okwenza kube nokuvumelana okuqinile enxebeni lesisulu.

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-48 zemikhaza esezijwayele ukuhlala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zesimo sezulu. I-Ixodid - imele ingozi enkulu kubantu nasezilwaneni, isakazeke eRussia yonke indawo. Futhi owaziwa kakhulu izinhlobo ezinjalo:

Izici zendlela yokuphila yemikhaza

Umjikelezo wokuphila kwemikhaza.

Ekuthuthukisweni kwawo, umkhaza uhlala ezigabeni ezi-3 futhi kwesinye nesinye uba nomphathi wawo. Owesifazane uyalala izibunguezihlala emhlabathini futhi zidla igazi lamagundane.

Bese bayamolt bese bedlulela esigabeni esilandelayo - nymph, izilwane ezinkulu ziba izisulu zabo.

Ngemva kwalesi sigaba, bayamolt futhi babe imago, ukuba umuntu omdala. Kukhona nalezo lapho zonke izigaba zokukhula zenzeka esilwaneni esisodwa noma ezimbili eziyizisulu zazo.

Uhlalaphi umkhaza

Imikhaza ihlala emvelweni, ngoba ithanda umswakama, ayiphakeme kunemitha elilodwa ukusuka emhlabathini. Baqamekela inyamazane yabo phansi, embhedeni wotshani, emahlahleni.

Ezidlalweni kukhona izitho zokuhogela, ngosizo lapho ehlaziya khona ushintsho ekubunjweni komoya. Lapho isisulu sisondela, omunca igazi uyakuzwa lokhu futhi asebenze. Ulinda ukuthi isisulu sidlule futhi akwazi ukukhasa kuye ngokwakhe. Lapho sebefinyelele isisulu, baqale bafune indawo ekahle emzimbeni, bebambelele ngosizo lwezidladla ezinezinkomishi zokumunca.

Udlani umkhaza

Njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zomkhaza, zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili ngokuya ngohlobo lokudla:

• ukudla izinsalela eziphilayo, okuthiwa saprophages;
• ukudla ujusi wezitshalo kanye negazi lezilwane nabantu, okuthiwa izilwane ezidla ezinye.

Ukubaluleka kwemvelo kanye nokuphila komuntu

Kukholelwa ukuthi izinkinga kuphela kubantu, izilwane nezitshalo ezihlotshaniswa nemikhaza, ngokulunywa kwazo. Umonakalo odalwa imikhaza:

• i-parasitize ezilwaneni, kubantu nasezitshalweni;
• konakalisa ukudla, ufulawa, okusanhlamvu.

Nakuba umthelela omubi wezimuncagazi empilweni yabantu neyezilwane umkhulu, umuntu kufanele azi ukuthi ayini. zuza emvelweni:

• zisetshenziselwa ukulawula ezinye izinambuzane zezolimo;
• zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwenhlabathi: ukubola kwezilwane nezitshalo eziphilayo, ukugcwaliswa kwenhlabathi ngama-microorganisms anenzuzo;
• susa izitshalo zama-parasite.

Izitha zemvelo zemikhaza

Imikhaza ayisebenzi unyaka wonke, uma kubanda kakhulu noma kushisa, ingena esimweni esingangokuthi izinqubo zayo ze-metabolic ziyancipha. Kulesi simo, zingaba yizisulu zezilwane eziningi ezifuna ukudla kwama-arthropods. Izilwane ezidla ukhula nazo zingazigwinya kanye notshani. Cabangela izitha zemvelo eziyinhloko ze-bloodsuckers.

Izinyoni

Izinyoni ezifuna ukudla phansi ziyingozi enkulu kuma-bloodsuckers:

Ondlunkulu abakhuthele kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi bathole ukuthi yini ebadonsela egazini elisesiswini se-parasite. Ngakho abantu abalambile maningi amathuba okuba baphile. Izinyoni ezifuna ukudla kwazo emoyeni empukaneni aziyidli imikhaza.

Kunezinyoni ezidla izimuncagazi esikhumbeni sezilwane. Lezi zihlanganisa ama- cuckoo, abeluki bezinyathi, izintaka zomhlaba.

Izinambuzane

Imikhaza ingaba yizisulu zezinambuzane eziningi:

Izitha ezisebenza kakhulu ze-bloodsuckers yizintuthwane, umkhaza oye wadla kuwo uyisilwane esimnandi. Bamhlasela ngamakoloni amakhulu.

Izitha zemvelo zemikhaza eRussia

Ezindaweni zaseRussia, izitha eziyingozi zemikhaza zikhona izinambuzane ezidla ezinye, izinyoni nezilwane. Izintuthwane, ama-lacewings, abagibeli, amabhungane aphansi yizona ezisebenza kakhulu. Yizona ezibambezela ukwanda kwenani labantu abasutha igazi. Nakuba zidla abantu asebephakelwe kakade, lokhu akuwenzi amahlathi ethu aphephe kubantu.

Nokho, hhayi njalo ukubhujiswa imikhaza amakhemikhali iyazithethelela ngoba iholela ekubhujisweni kwezitha zabo zemvelo. Izizukulwane ezilandelayo zemikhaza zizophila ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhululekile, zingesabi ukudliwa.

Akunangqondo ukushisa utshani, njengoba amagundane amancane, izinyoni nezinambuzane eziwusizo nazo zizofa emlilweni. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphazamisi kakhulu inqubo yemvelo, njengoba ukucekelwa phansi kohlobo olulodwa ochungechungeni lokudla kuholela ekufeni kwezinye eziningi.