Izinhlobo zemikhaza esifundeni saseMoscow hhayi kuphela: indlela yokuzivikela kubathwali bezifo nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokuluma

Ubukeka kanjani umkhaza wehlathi

Imvamisa, usayizi womzimba we-arachnid aweqi ku-3 mm., Abesifazane bade kakhulu kunabesilisa. Ngemuva kokuphuza igazi, umkhaza ukhula ngosayizi ngo-10-15 mm. Abantu abadala banamapheya angu-4 wezidladla, lapho kukhona khona izinzipho nama-suckers. Imikhaza ayinamaphiko futhi ayikwazi ukugxuma kude. Ama-parasite nawo awanawo amehlo, azulazula emkhathini ngosizo lwezitho ezikhethekile zezinzwa.

Izinhlobo zezibungu zasehlathini

Ukuhamba ehlathini, ungahlangana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-parasite. Uhlobo ngalunye lomkhaza lunombala walo, ukwakheka komzimba nendlela yokuphila.

Uhlalaphi umkhaza

Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomkhaza zihlala emhlabeni yonke indawo, zonke zinezintandokazi ezifanayo: zithanda izindawo ezimanzi nezimnyama. Imikhaza ye-iscod eyingozi ivame ukutholakala ezindleleni ezikhule kakhulu, otshanini, nasezihosheni.

Njengamanje, ama-bloodsuckers amaningi ahlasela abantu emapaki edolobha, ezindaweni eziluhlaza zamagceke, kuyilapho ukusika utshani notshani akusona isiqinisekiso sokuthi umkhaza ngeke uzinze kuwo.

Kunombono oyiphutha ovamile wokuthi imikhaza ihlala emagatsheni ezihlahla bese igxuma izisulu zayo khona lapho. Akunjalo: imikhaza ayikwazi ukugxuma, ukugijima ngokushesha, ukuhamba amabanga amade nokundiza.

Imikhaza icasha kuphi ebusika?

Umzimba womkhaza unesimiso esikhethekile sokuzilawula, ngenxa yokuthi uyakwazi ukuwela ezithombeni ezimisiwe lapho kubanda isimo sezulu - lokhu kuwuhlobo lwe-analogue yokulala kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Izinambuzane ezingenakulimala emzimbeni zingalinda isikhathi esibandayo futhi zisebenze kakhulu lapho kuqala ukushisa.

Lapho izinga lokushisa lehla liye ku--10, zonke izinqubo emzimbeni we-arachnid zihamba kancane futhi isinambuzane siqala ukufuna indawo yokukhosela ubusika. Lapho nje indawo efanelekile isitholakele, i-parasite iyayeka ukunyakaza futhi iwela ezithombeni ezimisiwe. Ngokuvamile, ama-bloodsuckers ebusika ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

• amaqabunga awile;
• utshani;
• i-moss;
• amadiphozi kadoti;
• phansi kwehlathi;
• isikhala phakathi kwezimpande zesihlahla.

Uma umkhaza ungene endlini, ungahlala isikhathi esingakanani uphila endlini

Ifulethi liyisimo esingesihle empilweni yomkhaza, ngakho-ke iwela ezithombeni ezimisiwe - izinqubo ze-metabolic zicishe ziyeke, isinambuzane asinyakazi. Kulesi simo, umkhaza ungahlala iminyaka engu-8. Lapho isisulu sivela, sisheshe siphile, sidakwe igazi futhi siqhubeke nomsebenzi waso ovamile wokuphila.

Izici zomlingiswa nendlela yokuphila

Amakhizane aqala ukukhombisa umsebenzi ngasekupheleni kukaMashi-ekuqaleni kuka-April (kuye ngokuthi isifunda). Ukuze bavuke ebusika, kuyadingeka ukuthi inhlabathi ifudumale ifike ku-+ 3-5 degrees, futhi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile nsuku zonke lifinyelele ku-+10 degrees.

Izinambuzane zisebenza kuze kube ngu-August-September, kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa elizungezile lehla liye ezingeni elifanayo.

Umkhaza wensikazi ubekela amaqanda ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ngenxa yalokhu udinga ukusutha. Izibungu ziphuma emaqandeni, futhi uma zikwazi ukumunca igazi lomninikhaya esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, zidlulela esigabeni esilandelayo sokuthuthukiswa ngonyaka ofanayo.

Inani labantu kanye nobuningi bama-parasites buxhomeke ngokuqondile ezimweni zezulu: uma ihlobo lipholile, kunemvula eningi, futhi ubusika bufudumele futhi bukhithikile, ngonyaka olandelayo inani lezinambuzane liyakhula.

Uma inzalo ihlala ilambile, bese iwela ebusika futhi iqhubeke nokukhula kwayo ngonyaka olandelayo. Ngemva kokukhetha isisulu futhi sathuthela emzimbeni waso, i-parasite ayiqali ngokushesha ukumunca igazi layo. Ngezinye izikhathi kudlula amahora angu-12 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuxhumana kuya esikhathini sokumunca.

Emzimbeni womuntu, bakhangwa kakhulu izindawo ezinoboya, kanye nezindawo ezingemuva kwezindlebe, izindololwane, nentamo. Izingane zivame ukulunywa ekhanda. Isikhathi esiphezulu sokumunca umkhaza imizuzu eyi-15. Amathe e-parasite aqukethe into ebulala izinzwa, ngakho ukuluma kwawo akubonakali kumuntu ohlukunyeziwe.

Isakhiwo somphakathi kanye nokuzala

Imikhaza ihlukaniswe ngokusobala ibe abesilisa nabesifazane. Izici nendlela yokuzala incike ohlotsheni. Iningi lazo liyi-oviparous, kanti nezinhlobo ze-viviparous ziyaziwa. Insikazi iyakwazi ukubekela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-17.

Owesilisa akudingekile ekuvundiseni kowesifazane, kodwa uma ukuzala kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela kwakhe, izibungu zesifazane kuphela ezizalwa, futhi uma owesilisa ebambe iqhaza, kokubili owesifazane nowesilisa.

Umkhaza wesilisa awukhethi ngokuqaphela owesifazane, umuntu oseduze kakhulu okwamanje uba umlingani wokukhwelana.

Ngemva kokukhwelana, eyeduna iyafa, kodwa uma kukhona ezinye ezinsikazi eduze, ingase ibe nesikhathi sokuyivundisa nayo. Izinambuzane zinezigaba ezimbalwa zokukhula:

Udlani umkhaza

Ngokusho kohlobo lokudla, izinambuzane zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili:

• ama-saprophages;
• izilwane ezidla ezinye.

Iningi labameleli beqembu lokuqala libhekwa njengenzuzo emvelweni. Badla izinsalela eziphilayo, ngaleyo ndlela babe nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-humus. Kodwa eqenjini lama-saprophages kukhona nezinambuzane - izinambuzane ezidla ubisi lwezitshalo.

Ama-parasite anjalo ngokuhlasela kwawo angabhubhisa isitshalo sonke sezitshalo zezolimo. Kukhona futhi izibungu zothuli notwayi - azihlaseli abantu, zidla izinhlayiya ze-epidermis, kodwa zisalimaza umzimba womuntu, okubangela ukungezwani komzimba.

Kukhona olunye uhlobo lwe-saprophage - izibungu zengobo. Basebenzisa izinsalela zokusanhlamvu ezibolayo kanye nofulawa ekudleni.

Izilwane ezidla ezinye zihlasela izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele kanye nabantu, zidla igazi labo. Isakhiwo somzimba wezinambuzane ezinjalo sibavumela ukuba babambelele ngokuqinile esikhumbeni nasezinwele zesisulu, ngosizo lwemishini yomlomo ethuthukisiwe, umhlaseli ubhoboza isikhumba futhi ukhiphe igazi.

Umkhaza uqonda kanjani ukuthi isisulu siseduze nomgomo wokuzingela

Imikhaza eminingi ayinawo amehlo, ngakho ayikwazi ukubona inyamazane. Kodwa emzimbeni wabo kukhona izitho ezikhethekile zezinzwa, ngosizo lapho i-bloodsucker isabela ekushiseni kwesisulu esisondelayo, ukuphefumula kwakhe, iphunga.

Ama-arachnid awakwazi ukuzingela ngomqondo ongokoqobo: awakwazi ukulandelela phansi noma ukubamba inyamazane. Isu labo wukulinda endaweni efanele. Lesi sinambuzane sima kahle, ngokwesibonelo, otshanini obude, futhi silinda ngezidladla zaso ezingaphambili ukuya phambili.

Lapho nje lowo okungenzeka isisulu engena endaweni yokubuka, i-bloodsucker iphenduka ibheke ngakuyo futhi iqale ukunyakaza ngezidladla zayo zangaphambili kuze kube yilapho kwenzeka ukuthintana nesisulu.

Inja yehlathi ihlala isikhathi esingakanani

Ubude besikhathi sokuphila kwe-parasite buncike ezimweni zezulu nendawo ezihlala kuyo. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinambuzane zisebenza kahle: ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi, ziwela ku-anabiosis. Umkhaza wehlathi ungaphila iminyaka engu-7-8, kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu ophila impilo ende, ngoba izinambuzane ezinkulu, izinyoni namagundane adla kuzo endaweni yazo yemvelo.

Izinambuzane zingabhujiswa ngumuntu: ngokuchoboza noma ngosizo lwezindlela ezikhethekile. Ubude bezinkathi ezahlukene zokuphila kwama-arachnids:

• iqanda - kusuka emavikini ama-2 kuya ezinyangeni ezi-2;
• izibungu kanye nymph - kusukela ngesonto kuya ezinyangeni 1,5;
• isinambuzane omdala - iminyaka engu-1-8.

Izitha zemvelo zomkhaza

Izinambuzane zisekupheleni kochungechunge lokudla, ngakho zinezitha zemvelo eziningi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu akanakuhluleka ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kwawo jikelele kulolu chungechunge: uma ama-parasites enyamalala, khona-ke izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezidla kuzo zizoshabalala.

Endaweni yazo yemvelo, izibungu zasehlathini zidla:

• izinyoni (imvamisa ondlunkulu);
• izinambuzane ezinkulu (ojekamanzi, amabhungane, izimbungulu, ama-assholes);
• izintuthwane ezinkulu ezibomvu zehlathi;
• izilwane ezihlala emanzini (amaxoxo, amaxoxo, izibankwa).

Ingabe amahlathi afuthwa namuhla ukuze athole imikhaza?

Lo mkhuba awuzange usetshenziswe isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke udinga ukuzivikela kuma-parasites ngokwakho. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, mikhaza eminingi endaweni yehlathi kunakwezinye izindawo ezingaba yingozi.

Imisebenzi yokulwa

Izindawo zamapaki zilashwa ngamakhemikhali ezinambuzane phakathi nesizini yomsebenzi wokumunca igazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnikazi ngamunye, uma efisa, angakwazi ukwenza ukucubungula okunjalo kwe-cottage ehlobo noma indawo yomuntu siqu. Ungakwenza lokhu kokubili ngokuzimela ngosizo lwezidakamizwa ezithengwa esitolo, nangokumema isisebenzi se-SES.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungcono ukukhetha izingubo ngemibala ekhanyayo - kulula ukuqaphela isinambuzane kuso. Ungazinaki izindlela ezikhethekile zokuvikela izimuncagazi: zitholakala ngendlela efanelekile futhi zisebenza kahle kakhulu.

Iyiphi ingozi izibungu zasehlathini ezibangayo?

Naphezu kobukhulu baso obuncane, i-parasite ibeka ingozi enkulu ezilwaneni nakubantu. Imikhaza yasehlathini ithwala izifo ezithathelwanayo ezingaba ngu-60.

Thika izifo ezilwaneni

Akubona abantu kuphela, kodwa nezilwane ezifuywayo, okuhlanganisa amakati, izinja namahhashi, zingaphathwa yilesi sifo. Izifo eziningi ziyelashwa, kodwa kunengozi yezinkinga futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukufa. Isilwane asikwazi ukuhlupheka kuphela ngokulunywa, kodwa futhi uma sigwinya isinambuzane ngephutha.

Izifo isilwane esingatheleleka ngazo:

• i-piroplasmosis;
• i-borreliosis;
• i-bartonellosis;
• i-hepatozoonosis;
• i-erlichiosis.

Iyiphi ingozi kubantu izibungu zasehlathini

Isifo esiyingozi kakhulu kubantu i-encephalitis ethwala imikhaza. Ngenkambo engathandeki, lesi sifo singabangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwezinzwa nengqondo, futhi kubangele ukufa. Ama-bloodsuckers nawo aphatha ezinye izifo:

• i-borreliosis (isifo saseLyme);
• i-tularemia;
• babesiosis;
• umkhuhlane onamabala;
• umkhuhlane obuyayo.

Okufanele ukwenze ngemva kokulunywa umkhaza

Uma i-parasite itholakala emzimbeni, kunconywa ukuthi uxhumane nesikhungo sezokwelapha: odokotela bazokhipha ngokuphepha i-bloodsucker futhi banikeze izincomo ekuvimbeleni izifo ezithathelwanayo.

Ungawukhipha kanjani umaka

Uma singekho isikhungo sezokwelapha esiseduze, i-parasite kufanele isuswe uwedwa. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwenza lokhu:

Ungawuthathaphi umaki ukuze uhlaziywe

Ngemuva kokukhipha i-parasite, kufanele ifakwe esitsheni esinesivalo bese ithunyelwa ukuze ihlaziywe elabhorethri eyisipesheli ukuze kutholwe ukutheleleka kwayo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi iphile, uma isinambuzane sifile, ukotini omanzi kufanele ubekwe esitsheni. Uma ukuhlaziya kuveza ukutheleleka, isiguli sizonikezwa i-anti-tick immunoglobulin. Kuyadingeka ukufaka umuthi emahoreni angama-72 okuqala ngemuva kokulunywa.

Izimpawu zesifo

Izimpawu zezifo eziwumphumela wokulunywa umkhaza zingahluka. Ngokuvamile azenzeki ngokushesha, isifo ngasinye sinesikhathi saso sokufukamela.

I-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza

Kubhekwa njengesifo esiyingozi kakhulu esibangelwa amagciwane esithwalwa imikhaza. Igciwane lithelela impunga yobuchopho, libangele ukushisa okukhulu, okuholela ekulimaleni okungenakulungiseka ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi. Uhlobo olunzima lwalesi sifo lungabangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukukhubazeka nokufa. Ngakho-ke, akukho ukwelashwa; uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka, ukwelashwa okubonakalayo kuyenziwa.

Izimpawu ze-encephalitis zihlanganisa:

• amakhaza, imfiva;
• isicanucanu, ukuhlanza
• izinga lokushisa likhuphuke liye kuma-39 degrees;
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha.

Isikhathi esithile, izimpawu ezisohlwini zingase zehle, kodwa zibuye futhi.

Umkhuhlane obuyayo

Esinye isifo esiyingozi, umthombo waso igciwane elithwala imikhaza. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokushintshana kwezinga lokushisa elivamile nomkhuhlane, ukwazi kahle. Ezinye izimpawu zomkhuhlane obuyayo:

• ubuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza;
• ubuhlungu emisipha namalunga;
• imfiva engazelelwe;
• ukwakheka kwama-papules anombala we-cherry;
• ukwanda kwe-spleen nesibindi;
• tachycardia.

Njengomthetho, izimpawu ezingenhla zibonwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-3-6, emva kwalokho ziyanyamalala, kodwa ziphinde zibuye. Yingakho lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi sibuyela emuva. Ngesikhathi sokugula, kungadlula imijikelezo enjalo emi-5. Ngokwelashwa okufanele, ukululama okuphelele kungenzeka.

Isifo seLyme

Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngokuvamile zenzeka phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3 ngemva kokulunywa. Kodwa ukutheleleka kungasoleka ngisho nangaphambi kwesikhathi. Njengomthetho, kwakheka indawo ebomvu endaweni yokulunywa, eyanda ngosayizi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ishintsha umbala phakathi nendawo. Igciwane lithinta isimiso sezinzwa nenhliziyo, isikhumba, amalunga. Izimpawu ze-borreliosis zihlanganisa:

• ubuhlungu emisipha namalunga;
• ukukhathala, ikhanda elibuhlungu;
• imfiva.

Ezigabeni zokuqala, lesi sifo selashwa ngempumelelo, kodwa uma ukwelashwa kungaqalwa ngesikhathi, lesi sifo sizongena esigabeni esibi futhi umonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa ngeke ubuyiselwe.

babesiosis

Inkambo yalesi sifo ivame ukuba nzima, izimpawu zivela emasontweni ama-2 ngemva kokulunywa. Lapho ifomu lisebenza, ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kwenzeka, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwegazi, i-jaundice, futhi kamuva ekwandeni kwesibindi, i-spleen kanye nokwehluleka kwe-renal acute. Okunye ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo:

• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• amakhaza, imfiva;
• ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile.

I-Tularemia

Izimpawu ze-tularemia zivela ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 ngemuva kokulunywa. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• ukwanda okubukhali kwezinga lokushisa kuya kuma-41 degrees;
• isicanucanu, ukuhlanza
• ama-lymph nodes akhulisiwe;
• ama-purulent seals endaweni yokulunywa.

Ukutheleleka kuthinta amaphaphu kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, inkambo ngokuvamile inzima. Ukwelashwa kungenzeka kuphela esimweni sasesibhedlela.

umkhuhlane omabala

Lesi sifo sathola igama laso ngenxa yesibonakaliso esithile - ukubonakala kwamabala abomvu noma ansomi avela kuqala emilenzeni, bese esakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo sithinta imithambo yegazi futhi sibangele ukwehluleka kwezinso. Okunye ukubonakaliswa komtholampilo kwemfiva enamabala:

• ukwanda okubukhali kwezinga lokushisa;
• ubuhlungu obuhlangene kanye nemisipha;
• ukuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu.

izifo zezilwane

Imikhaza ithwala izifo ezibulalayo ezilwaneni. Ezivame kakhulu futhi ezinzima kulezi yilezi:

Zonke lezi zifo azibikezeli kahle. Ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kuphela okungasindisa impilo yesilwane.

Ukuvimbela izifo ezithwalwa imikhaza

Zonke izifo ezithwala ama-bloodsuckers zibonakala ngenkambo enzima futhi zinezinkinga eziyingozi. Ngakho-ke, kulula kakhulu ukwenza izinyathelo zokuvimbela ngesikhathi esifanele, bese ubhekana nemiphumela yokutheleleka.

Izibulala zinambuzane

Kunamalungiselelo ahlukahlukene okuvikela kuma-parasite. Isimiso sesenzo sabo singase sihluke: ezinye zixosha izinambuzane ngokuhogela (ukuxosha), ezinye ziqale zikhubazeke bese zizibulala ngaphambi kokuba zibe nesikhathi sokunamathela (i-insecticidal).

Amalungiselelo atholakala ngendlela ye-sprays, i-aerosols, i-concentrates, i-ointments.

Isikhumba esingenalutho sifafazwa ngezinto zokuxosha, izingubo zetende nezinye izinto zokusebenza ziphathwa ngama-insecticidal agents.

Cishe yonke imikhiqizo inobuthi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo ngokuqinile. Ukuvikela izingane, kunamalungiselelo akhethekile.

Ama-Acaricidal agents

Imithi ye-Acaricidal iphinde ibulale imikhaza - ingena ngekhava ye-chitinous futhi ithinte isimiso sezinzwa kanye nokuphefumula kwe-parasite. Ngokungafani nama-insecticides, asetshenziselwa ukulawula zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, isenzo se-acaricides sihloselwe ukubhujiswa kwabameleli be-arachnids, okuhlanganisa imikhaza. Amalungiselelo e-Acaricidal nawo anobuthi obukhulu, lapho uwasebenzisa, kuyadingeka ukulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha ezinconyiwe.

Ukugonywa

Ukugoma kuyindlela yokuvikela enomphumela ofakazelwe. Nokho, kunomuthi wokugomela kuphela i-encephalitis ethwalwa umkhaza. Ukugoma ngezidakamizwa zaseRussia kuvunyelwe izingane ezineminyaka engu-3 ubudala, kukhona nama-analogue angaphandle avunyelwe izingane ezineminyaka engu-1 ubudala.