Imikhaza emincane ensundu: ingozi ezilwaneni nakubantu, izindlela zokuyikhipha kanye nezindlela zokuvikela ukulunywa

Ubukeka kanjani umkhaza onsundu?

Ukubukeka kwe-parasite kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo zayo, isigaba sokukhula kanye nezinga lokugcwala ngegazi. Imikhaza ensundu ingaba nezinhlobo ezilandelayo:

Abameleli bazo zonke lezi zinhlobo banezici ezivamile ze-morphological, kodwa ngayinye yazo ihlukaniswe yaba uhlobo oluhlukile olusekelwe ekuhlukaniseni kwesayensi. Ngokuqhubekayo esihlokweni sikhuluma ngohlobo oluhlukile lwemikhaza - inja yenja ensundu.

I-Morphology

Izici ezihlukile zomkhaza wenja ensundu:

• isimo somzimba siyisicaba, simise okwe-teardrop, sibheke ngasezintweni zomlomo;
• ekhanda kukhona ukuluma nokumunca izitho zokudla;
• umbala womzimba omnyama noma obomvu-nsundu;
• ubude bomzimba buyi-2-4 mm, uma udliwe ngegazi, umkhaza ukhula ngosayizi ngo-10-15 mm;
• awekho amehlo noma awabonakali kahle;
• omdala unamapheya ama-4 emilenze.

Ziyakwazi ukundiza noma ukugxuma

Ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo

Lesi sitshalo sisakazeke kuwo wonke amazwekazi. E-Russia, ivame ukutholakala ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama, eCrimea, eNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga yeTranscaucasia. Kusukela emazweni angomakhelwane - e-Armenia, Turkmenistan. Lesi zinambuzane sihlala eMedithera, eNingizimu Asia naseMelika.

Izici zokudla okunomsoco wezinambuzane

Umkhaza onsundu uncamela ukuluma abameleli be-canine oda, noma kunjalo, uma kungekho isisulu esifanelekile, ungaphinda uhlasele umuntu. Ukunamathela enjeni, izinambuzane ziphuza igazi cishe izinsuku ezingu-8, sonke lesi sikhathi sihlala endaweni eyodwa.

Uma umuntu eba isisulu, ufaka i-parasitize emzimbeni wakhe cishe usuku.

Imikhaza inomshini womlomo ophelele, ohlanganisa i-chelicerae nama-pedipalps. Ngosizo lwe-pedipalps, isinambuzane sibhoboza isikhumba, i-chelicerae ibukeka njenge-proboscis enamanotshi. Ukuzila ukudla isikhathi eside akuvimbeli izimbuzane ezidla inyama.

Uma kungabikho ukudla nangaphansi kwezinye izimo ezingezinhle, i-parasite iwela esimweni se-anabiosis, lapho ingafika khona iminyaka emi-3.. Ngemva kokuphuza igazi, isinambuzane siphinde sikwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha okusebenzayo nokuthuthukiswa.

Ukukhiqiza

Ukuzalana kuwubulili obubili, abantu bahlukaniswe ngokusobala abe abesilisa nabesifazane. Ama-parasites amancane athola umninikhaya futhi aqale ukuncelisa nokukhwelana. Ngemuva kokugcwala, insikazi ishiya umzimba womsingathi futhi iqhubekele ekuphumeni kweqanda. Inani lamaqanda abekwe lincike ezingeni lokugcwala kowesifazane ngegazi kanye nezimo zemvelo. Ngokwesilinganiso, insikazi eyodwa izalela amaqanda angama-200-1700.

Ukuthuthukiswa

Isilinganiso sempilo yomkhaza yizinsuku ezingama-63. Ngokuvamile, zonke izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwayo, i-arachnid idlula ijazi lenja eyodwa noma kwelinye inja yenja. Izigaba zokukhula komkhaza onsundu:

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-larva ne-nymph nazo ziyingozi ezilwaneni nakubantu, njengoba zingase zibe abathwali bezifo eziyingozi. Imikhaza engakafiki esigabeni sabantu abadala ivamise ukuhlasela izilwane, hhayi abantu.

Izinhlobo ezihlobene ne-morphologically

Ngokubukeka, umkhaza wenja ufana kakhulu ne-Rhipcephalus rossicus ne-Rhipicephalus bursa. Abameleli balezi zinhlobo zezilwane bahlukaniswa nesihlangu esibanzi se-dorsal in the female, benza i-arc evamile. Isici sabesilisa siyi-oval-oval peritreme kanye nenqubo ebanzi, egobile ohlangothini lomgogodla.

Kungani imikhaza emincane ensundu iyingozi?

Ingozi yalezi zinambuzane isekukwazini ukuthwala izifo ezithathelwanayo nokuzithelela ngokulunywa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulunywa komkhaza kungabangela ukungezwani komzimba kuze kufike ekushaqekeni kwe-anaphylactic.

Umkhaza ufika kanjani kumuntu

Imikhaza ikhwela phezu kotshani nasezihlahleni eziphansi. Lapho, belula izidladla zabo zangaphambili, balinde inyamazane yabo, okungaba inja nomuntu.

Isilokazane asikwazi ukugxuma sisuka esilwaneni siye kumuntu, kodwa singakhasa ngesikhathi sokugona isikhathi eside noma uma inja isembhedeni owodwa nomuntu.

Thikha imithetho yokususa

Uma i-parasite ensundu itholakala emzimbeni, kufanele isuswe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka - lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokuthola izifo ezibangelwa imikhaza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuhle ukuxhumana nesikhungo sezokwelapha, kodwa uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, udinga ukwenza ngokwakho.

Ungawukhipha kanjani umkhaza omncane onsundu

I-algorithm yokukhipha umaka wenja ayihlukile ezinhlelweni zokususa ezinye izimuncagazi ezifanayo:

1. Lungiselela isitsha esinesivalo esiqinile ukuze ubeke ngokushesha i-bloodsucker kuso. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukubeka ucezu oluncane lukakotini oluswakanyiswe ngamanzi lapho.
2. Vikela isikhumba ukuthi ungathintani nomkhaza: gqoka amagilavu ​​​​wezokwelapha, bopha iminwe yakho ngezicucu ze-gauze.
3. Ukusebenzisa ama-tweezers, ithuluzi elikhethekile, noma iminwe yakho nje, bamba i-parasite eduze nesikhumba ngangokunokwenzeka.
4. Skrola kancane umakhi kunoma iyiphi indlela bese uyasusa. Kubalulekile ukwenza ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokwenza ukunyakaza okungazelelwe.
5. Faka isinambuzane esikhishwe esitsheni bese uvala isivalo.
6. Khipha amagciwane endaweni yokulunywa nganoma iyiphi i-antiseptic: i-hydrogen peroxide, utshwala, iodine.

Okulandelayo, udinga ukuhlola isilonda: uma ichashazi elimnyama libonakala ngaphansi kwesikhumba, khona-ke ikhanda lomkhaza laphuma futhi lahlala emzimbeni wesisulu. Kulesi simo, ungazama ukuyisusa ngenaliti, njenge-splinter. Uma kwakungenakwenzeka, vele ugcwalise nge-iodine - ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa umzimba ngokwawo uzokwenqaba umzimba wangaphandle.

ukulunywa umkhaza onsundu

Njengoba sinamathele emzimbeni wesilwane, isilokazane singaphuza igazi izinsuku ezingu-8, kuyilapho siphuma ngokoqobo esikhumbeni. Umkhaza uchitha isikhathi esincane emzimbeni womuntu: cishe usuku. Ingase ibe khona kancane uma inamathele ezindaweni ezivikelwe ngomugqa wezinwele. Uma umkhaza ungazange unakwe, uzowa wodwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uphawu luzohlala endaweni yokulunywa ngembobo ebonakalayo phakathi nendawo, endaweni lapho ikhanda lakhe lalikhona.

Umkhaza uvame ukuluma kanjani futhi kuphi?

Ama-parasite anomuzwa obukhali kakhulu wokuhogela, athola isisulu ngosizo lwezitho ezikhethekile zezinzwa. Lapho isilwane noma umuntu esondela, isinambuzane sibeka izidladla zangaphambili futhi sibambelele eboyeni noma esikhumbeni ngazo. Izinambuzane zikhetha ukuluma ezindaweni lapho isikhumba sincane futhi sithambile. Izindawo eziyizintandokazi zokulunywa ezilwaneni:

• Belly
• intamo;
• indawo ye-groin;
• imilenze yangemuva endaweni yethanga;
• izindlebe.

Kubantu, imikhaza ivame ukutholakala:

• intamo;
• indawo ngemuva kwezindlebe;
• izinhlangothi zangaphakathi zemilenze;
• ngaphansi kwamadolo;
• indawo yekhwapha;
• Belly
• igroin.

Amathe e-parasite aqukethe i-enzyme enomphumela we-analgesic, ngakho-ke ukuluma akubangeli ukungakhululeki futhi ngokuvamile kungabonakali isikhathi eside.

Okufanele ukwenze uma ulunywe umkhaza

Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukususa i-parasite ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi uyithumele elabhorethri ukuze ihlaziywe. Uma umuntu ephenduka isisulu se-bloodsucker, udinga ukuxhumana nesikhungo sezokwelapha.

Odokotela bazonikeza izincomo ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka ngezifo ezithwalwa umkhaza, uma kunesidingo, inkambo ye-immunoglobulin kanye nezidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane zingabekwa.

Ukuvakashela esibhedlela kufanele kube phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-3 ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kwe-parasite. Kuyadingeka ukumaka usuku lokulunywa ekhalendeni futhi uqaphe isimo sezempilo izinsuku ezingama-21.

Uma izimpawu ezesabekayo zivela, njengokushisa, ubuthakathaka, ubuhlungu bemisipha, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha. Uma umkhaza ulume isilwane, izincomo ziyefana: kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho wezilwane ukuze uthole iziyalezo ezengeziwe futhi ulandele amasonto ama-3.

Izifo ezithwalwa imikhaza

Imikhaza ensundu ye-Canine ayikubekezeleli izifo ezivame ukuthwalwa umkhaza njenge-encephalitis nesifo se-Lyme. Nokho, bangathelela ezinye izifo eziyingozi:

1. Babesiosis (piroplasmosis). Isifo esiyingozi kakhulu ezinjeni. Igciwane lingena emangqamuzaneni abomvu egazi futhi libangele i-anemia enzima. Ngokuvamile kuholela ekufeni. Izimpawu zesici: igazi emchameni, ukuphuzi kolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ibuye ibonakale ngendlela yobuthakathaka, ukunganaki, umkhuhlane.
2. I-Anaplasmosis. Igciwane lingena kuma-platelet, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwegazi. Izimpawu zangaphandle zokutheleleka: ukudangala, umkhuhlane, ukuntula ukudla.
3. I-Rickettsiosis (i-Marseilles fever). I-Acute Pathology ethathelwanayo enezimpawu ezilandelayo: ukuqubuka kwesikhumba njenge-roseola, ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes, imfiva. Lesi sifo siyingozi kubantu.
4. I-Crimean hemorrhagic fever, eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi "isifo saseCrimea". Lesi sifo siqala ngomkhuhlane, ukwanda okukhulu kokushisa komzimba. Igciwane lihlasela i-vascular endothelium, libangele ukopha, ukopha izinsini. Ukuphuma kwegazi emathunjini kungase kwenzeke, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukubikezela. Lesi sifo sithinta abantu kuphela.

Izindlela zokuvikela imikhaza

Kunemikhiqizo eminingi yokulawula izinambuzane emakethe namuhla. Zonke ziyasebenza ngokwezinga elithile futhi akufanele zinganakwa ekusetshenzisweni kwazo.

Abaxoshayo

Isenzo sezidakamizwa sisekelwe ekuxosheni izinambuzane ngosizo lwephunga elingathandeki kubo. Amalungiselelo akhiqizwa ngendlela yezifutho, ama-lotions, ama-aerosol namafutha okugcoba. Izidakamizwa eziningi zingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezisobala zomzimba, futhi zingasetshenziswa ukwelapha izingubo nemishini. Okudume kakhulu kuzo yilezi:

Ama-Acaricides

Ngokuvamile, amalungiselelo e-acaricidal akhiqizwa ngendlela yama-aerosols. Izithako ezisebenzayo, i-alfamethrin, i-cypermethrin, ube ne-nerve-paralytic effect kumkhaza, ngenxa yalokho i-parasite ilahlekelwa amandla ayo okuhamba futhi iyanyamalala esikhumbeni noma ezingutsheni.

Ama-Acaricides anobuthi kakhulu, ngakho akufanele asetshenziswe ezindaweni ezivulekile zomzimba. Izingubo kufanele zicutshungulwe ngaphandle kokugqoka. Imithi ephumelela kakhulu enesenzo se-acaricidal:

Amalungiselelo okubulala izinambuzane

Amalungiselelo aleli qembu abhekwa njengento ephumelela kakhulu, njengoba ehlanganisa amalungiselelo abo okuxosha kanye ne-acaricidal. Isebenza kahle ekuvikeleni hhayi kuphela emikhaza, kodwa nakwezinye izinambuzane.

Ukugonywa

Njengamanje, umgomo wenzelwe kuphela i-encephalitis ethwalwa umkhaza. Ungagonywa kunoma yisiphi isibhedlela esinelayisensi. Umzimba ogonyiwe, uma kwenzeka ukungena kwegciwane, uyakubona futhi uqala ukulwa nalo ngenkuthalo.

Ama-ovaloli

Lapho uya ezindaweni lapho imikhaza ingase ihlale khona, kufanele kugqokwe izingubo zokuzivikela. Kufanele ukhethe izinto ezinemibala ekhanyayo - kulula ukubona i-parasite kuyo.

Amabhulukwe kufanele afakwe emasokisini, ama-cuffs kufanele alingane kahle ezingalweni.

Umkhaza ukhasa ukusuka phansi ukuya phezulu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukushutheka ibhantshi ebhulukweni. Ikhola ephakeme eyimpoqo kanye nesigqoko, ihood. Amasudi akhethekile okuvikela umkhaza nawo ayathengiswa.

Usizo lwezokwelapha ngokulunywa uma ufaka isicelo

Ukulunywa komkhaza kubangela ukwethuka kwabaningi, kodwa udinga ukwenza ngokuzola nangokuzethemba. Ungathintana nanoma yisiphi isikhungo sezokwelapha: umnyango wokuhlinza, umnyango wezimo eziphuthumayo, igumbi lezimo eziphuthumayo. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, umkhaza wasuswa wodwa futhi azikho izikhalazo, usadinga ukubona udokotela zingakapheli izinsuku ezi-3. Izifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi zingase zingabonakali isikhathi eside, udokotela uzobeka zonke izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezidingekayo.

Izinyathelo zokulawula

Njengamanje, izinyathelo eziningi zenzelwe ukulwa nemikhaza ye-ixodid. Zingenziwa ngosizo lochwepheshe noma ngokwakho.

Imisebenzi yokulwa

I-Disinsection ingenziwa ngokuzimela, noma kunjalo, imikhiqizo etholakalayo yokuthengisa ayisebenzi njengamakhemikhali akhethekile.

Ochwepheshe bayazi ukuthi bangafafaza kanjani futhi ngenani elingakanani imikhiqizo enjalo ukuze iphephe, basebenza ngosizo lwemishini ekhethekile, ngaphandle kwalokho ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuzoba kukhulu kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo yezobuchwepheshe iyabiza futhi ithengiswa ngamaphakheji amakhulu, okwanele ukuphatha izindawo eziningana.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela

Ngaphezu kokwelapha isayithi ukulwa nemikhaza, kuyadingeka ukwenza izinyathelo zokuvimbela:

• ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuzivikela yezilwane (amakholomu, amaconsi, ama-emulsions, njll.) kanye nabantu (ama-repellents, ama-acaricides, ukuvikelwa kwezingubo);
• gwema ukulahla isayithi: susa imfucumfucu yezitshalo, amaqabunga awile;
• ukulwa namagundane: ayizingubo eziphezulu zezibungu zomkhaza we-ixodid.