Avelaphi imikhaza nokuthi kungani ayengekho ngaphambili: ithiyori yozungu, izikhali zebhayoloji noma inqubekelaphambili kwezokwelapha.

Umlando wokuvela komkhaza we-encephalitis

Kukholakala ukuthi umkhaza wafika eRussia uvela eJapan. Kunombono ongaqinisekisiwe wokuthi amaJapane ayesungula izikhali zebhayoloji. Yiqiniso, ayinakwenzeka, ngoba ayizange iqinisekiswe yinoma yini, kodwa kwakuyiMpumalanga Ekude ehlala ihamba phambili ngokwenani lamacala e-encephalitis imikhaza, kuze kufike ku-30% yabagulayo bafa.

Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwalesi sifo

A. G. Panov, i-neuropathy, waqala ukuchaza lesi sifo nge-encephalitis ngo-1935. Wayekholelwa ukuthi kubangelwa umkhaza waseJapane. Banaka lesi sifo ngemva kohambo lososayensi esifundeni saseKhabarovsk.

Cwaninga Ngohambo LwaseMpumalanga Ekude

Ngaphambi kwalolu hambo, eMpumalanga Ekude, kwakunezimo zesifo esingaziwa esasithinta isimiso sezinzwa futhi ngokuvamile sasiba nomphumela obulalayo. Kwabe sekubizwa ngokuthi “umkhuhlane onobuthi”.

Iqembu lososayensi elahamba labe seliphakamisa isimo segciwane lesi sifo, esisakazwa ngamaconsi asemoyeni. Kwabe sekubhekwa ukuthi lesi sifo sisakazwa ngomiyane ehlobo.

Lokhu kwakungo-1936, futhi ngemva konyaka olunye uhambo lososayensi olwaluholwa u-L. A. Zilber, owayesanda kusungula indawo yokucwaninga ngegciwane eMoscow, lwasuka lwaya kule ndawo.

Iziphetho ezenziwe uhambo:

• lesi sifo siqala ngoMeyi, ngakho-ke asinayo inkathi yehlobo;
• ayidluliselwa ngamaconsi ahamba emoyeni, njengoba abantu abaye bathintana nabantu abanaleli gciwane abaguli;
• omiyane abasidluliseli lesi sifo, njengoba bengakasebenzi ngoMeyi, futhi sebevele begula nge-encephalitis.

Iqembu lososayensi lathola ukuthi lena akuyona i-encephalitis yaseJapane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, benza ucwaningo ngezinkawu namagundane, ahamba nawo. Bajovwe ngegazi, uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal lwezilwane ezinegciwane. Ososayensi bakwazile ukuthola ukuxhumana phakathi kwalesi sifo nokulunywa kwemikhaza.

Umsebenzi walolu hambo wathatha izinyanga ezintathu ezimweni ezinzima zemvelo. Abantu abathathu bangenwa izimuncagazi. Ngenxa yalokho, sithole ukuthi:

• uhlobo lwesifo;
• indima yomkhaza ekubhebhethekeni kwalesi sifo ifakazelwe;
• cishe izinhlobo ezingama-29 ze-encephalitis zihlonziwe;
• kunikezwa incazelo yesifo;
• ukusebenza ngempumelelo komgomo.

Ngemuva kwalolu hambo, kube nezinye ezimbili eziqinisekise iziphetho zikaZilber. E-Moscow, umuthi wokugomela umkhaza wasungulwa. Phakathi nohambo lwesibili, ososayensi ababili bagula futhi bafa, N. Ya. Utkin noN. V. Kagan. Phakathi nohambo lwesithathu ngo-1939, kwahlolwa umgomo, futhi baphumelela.

Imibono kanye nemibono yokuvela kwemikhaza eRussia

I-encephalitis ivelaphi, abaningi babenesithakazelo ngisho nangaphambi kokuvakashela ama-expeditions. Kulesi senzakalo, izinguqulo eziningana ziye zabekwa phambili.

Imibono ye-conspiracy: ama-pliers yizikhali

Ama-KGBists ekhulwini elidlule ayekholelwa ukuthi leli gciwane lasakazwa amaJapane njengesikhali sebhayoloji. Babeqiniseka ukuthi izikhali zazisakazwa amaJapane, ayezonda iRussia. Nokho, amaJapane awazange abulawe i-encephalitis, mhlawumbe ngaleso sikhathi kakade ayeyazi indlela yokwelapha.

Ukungahambisani kwenguqulo

Ukungqubuzana kwale nguqulo ukuthi amaJapane nawo aphethwe yi-encephalitis, amaSaami angumthombo omkhulu wokutheleleka - isiqhingi saseHokkaido, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi kwakungekho ukufa kwalesi sifo. Ngokokuqala ngqa eJapane, ukufa kwalesi sifo kwaqoshwa ngo-1995. Ngokusobala, amaJapane ayeseyazi kakade indlela yokwelapha lesi sifo, kodwa njengoba ayephethwe yiso, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba enze “ukonakala kwezinto eziphilayo” kwamanye amazwe.

Izakhi zofuzo zesimanje

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhi zofuzo kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukutadisha ukwenzeka nokuthuthukiswa kwe-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza. Nokho, izazi azizange zivume. Ososayensi baseNovosibirsk, bekhuluma engqungqutheleni yamazwe ngamazwe e-Irkutsk, ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kokulandelana kwe-nucleotide yaleli gciwane, bathi laqala ukusabalala lisuka eNtshonalanga liya eMpumalanga. Nakuba inkolelo-mbono yemvelaphi yayo yaseMpumalanga Ekude yayidumile.

Abanye ososayensi, ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lokulandelana kwe-genomic, basikisela ukuthi i-encephalitis yavela eSiberia. Imibono mayelana nesikhathi sokuvela kwegciwane ibuye ihluke kakhulu phakathi kososayensi, kusukela eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingu-2,5 kuya kweziyi-7.

Izimpikiswano ezivuna inkolelo-mbono yokuvela kwe-encephalitis eMpumalanga Ekude

Ososayensi baphinde bacabanga ngomsuka we-encephalitis ngo-2012. Abaningi bavuma ukuthi umthombo wokutheleleka yiMpumalanga Ekude, futhi isifo saya e-Eurasia. Kodwa abanye babekholelwa ukuthi umkhaza we-encephalitis usakazeka, ngokuphambene nalokho, uvela eNtshonalanga. Kwakunemibono yokuthi lesi sifo savela eSiberia futhi sasakazekela kuzo zombili izinhlangothi.

Iziphetho zithathwa ezivuna inkolelo-mbono yokuvela kwe-encephalitis eMpumalanga Ekude Izindawo zokuhlala ezengeziwe e-Zilber:

1. Amacala e-encephalitis eMpumalanga Ekude aqoshwa ekuqaleni kwawo-30s ekhulwini elidlule, kuyilapho eYurophu icala lokuqala laphawulwa kuphela ngo-1948 eCzech Republic.
2. Zonke izindawo zamahlathi, e-Europe naseMpumalanga Ekude, ziyizindawo zemvelo zama-parasite. Nokho, amacala okuqala alesi sifo aphawulwa eMpumalanga Ekude.
3. Ngawo-30, iMpumalanga Ekude yahlolwa ngenkuthalo, futhi amasosha ayemi lapho, ngakho-ke kwakukhona amacala amaningi alesi sifo.

Izizathu zokuhlasela kwemikhaza ye-encephalitis eminyakeni yamuva

Ososayensi bayavuma ukuthi imikhaza ibilokhu ihlala endaweni yaseRussia. Ezigodini abantu balunywa abamunca igazi, abantu bagula kodwa akekho owaziyo ukuthi kungani. Banaka kuphela lapho amasosha asemayunithi ezempi eMpumalanga Ekude eqala ukugula ngobuningi.

Muva nje, kuningi okuye kwabhalwa mayelana nokuthi imikhaza isiphenduke kakhulu, futhi abagcini nje ngokuhlala emahlathini, kodwa futhi bahlasela amadolobha, amadolobha. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, abaningi bathola iziza zasendlini kanye nemikhaza baqala ukusondela emadolobheni.

Izinyathelo Zokuzivikela

1. Lapho uchitha isikhathi emvelweni, kunconywa ukuthi ugqoke amabhulukwe amade, anombala okhanyayo, uphonsa imilenze emasokisini ukuze imikhaza ibe nendawo encane evulekile ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uxhumane nesikhumba. Ezindwangu ezilula, izibungu ezimnyama zingabonwa kahle futhi zisuswe ngaphambi kokuba zifinyelele esikhumbeni.
2. Ngemuva kokuchitha isikhathi emvelweni, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela imikhaza, njengoba ivame ukucinga indawo efanelekile yokuluma esikhumbeni amahora ambalwa.
3. Uma ulunywe yi-bloodsucker, kufanele isuswe ngokushesha. Khona-ke indawo yokuluma kufanele ibonwe amasonto ambalwa, futhi uma kuvela indawo ebomvu, kufanele kuboniswane nodokotela.
4. Ezindaweni lapho kunengozi eyengeziwe yokuthola i-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza, ukugoma kuyanconywa kubo bonke abantu abachitha isikhathi emvelweni.
5. Ngaphandle kwezindawo ezinjalo, ukugoma i-encephalitis ethwalwa umkhaza kufanele kwenziwe ngudokotela uma kwenzeka uhambo noma ukwanda kokuchayeka komuntu ngamunye.