Sithole 16 amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana ne-rook evamile
I-Corvus frugilegus
Naphezu komlando ongemuhle wobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu nama-rooks, lezi zinyoni zisalondoloza isimilo sazo sobudlelwane futhi azibesabi abantu. Ngokudla ngendlela efanele, zijwayelana kangcono nakakhulu futhi zingaya kubantu emabangeni amafushane kakhulu. Bahlakaniphe kakhulu, bayakwazi ukuxazulula izindida, basebenzise futhi baguqule amathuluzi, futhi babambisane lapho kuphakama izinkinga ezinkulu.
Esikhathini esidlule, abalimi babesola lezi zinyoni ngokucekela phansi izitshalo zabo futhi bazama ukuzixosha noma ukuzibulala. Ababusi baze bakhipha nezimemezelo zokuthi kuqedwe kokubili ama-rooks namanye ama-corvids.
1
I-rook ingeyomndeni we-corvid.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-rook: i-rook evamile, etholakala ezweni lakithi, ne-rook yaseSiberia, etholakala eMpumalanga Asia. Umndeni we-corvid uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingu-133, ezitholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica.
2
Uhlala eYurophu, enkabeni naseningizimu yeRussia.
Ubusika obuseningizimu yeYurophu e-Iraq nase-Egypt. I-subspecies yaseSiberia ihlala eMpumalanga Asia futhi ebusika eningizimu-mpumalanga yeChina naseTaiwan.
3
Zizizwa zingcono kakhulu ezindaweni ezinezinkuni, nakuba zijwayele izimo zasemadolobheni.
Bahlala emapaki nasezihlahleni ezisezimfeni. Emadolobheni, athanda ukuhlala ezakhiweni ezinde aze adle isidleke kuzo ngesikhathi sokuzala.
4
Ziyizinyoni ezimaphakathi, ezinobude bomzimba omdala obusuka ku-44 kuya ku-46 cm.
Amaphiko e-rooks avela ku-81 kuya ku-99 cm, isisindo sisuka ku-280 kuya ku-340 g. Abesilisa nabesifazane be-rooks bafana ngosayizi.
5
Umzimba wama-rooks umbozwe izimpaphe ezimnyama, okuthi elangeni zibe yi-shades eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Imilenze imnyama, uqhwaku lumnyama-mpunga, iris insundu ngokumnyama. Abantu abadala balahlekelwa izimpaphe ngaphansi koqhwaku, okushiya isikhumba singenalutho.
6
Amajuvenile amnyama anombala oluhlaza okotshani kancane, ngaphandle kwengemuva lentamo, ngemuva nangaphansi, anombala onsundu ngokumnyama.
Afana namagwababa asemancane ngoba umcu wezimpaphe ophansi koqhwaku lwawo awukagugi. Encane ilahlekelwa isembozo sezimpaphe phansi koqhwaku enyangeni yesithupha yokuphila.
7
Ama-Rook angama-omnivores; ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi u-60% wokudla kwawo uqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo.
Ukudla kwezitshalo ikakhulukazi okusanhlamvu, imifino yezimpande, amazambane, izithelo kanye nembewu. Ukudla kwezilwane kuqukethe ikakhulukazi izikelemu kanye nezibungu zezinambuzane, nakuba ama-rooks ekwazi ukuzingela izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni namaqanda. Ukondla kwenzeka ikakhulukazi phansi, lapho izinyoni zihamba khona futhi ngezinye izikhathi zigxume zihlole umhlabathi, zimbe kuwo ngemilomo yazo emikhulu.
8
Uma kuntuleka ukudla, ama-rooks nawo adla inyama ebolile.
9
Njengama-corvids amaningi, ama-rooks ayizilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu.
Bayakwazi ukusebenzisa izinto ezitholakele njengamathuluzi. Lapho umsebenzi udinga umzamo omkhulu, ama-rooks angase abambisane njengeqembu.
10
Amaduna nezinsikazi zikhwelana ukuphila kwazo zonke, futhi ngazimbili zihlala ndawonye ukuze zakhe umhlambi.
Kusihlwa, izinyoni zivame ukubuthana bese zithuthela endaweni ezithanda ngayo ukuzala. Ekwindla, imihlambi ikhula ngosayizi njengoba amaqembu ahlukene ehlangana ndawonye. Enkampanini yama-rooks ungathola futhi ama-jackdaw.
11
Isikhathi sokuzalanisa ama-rooks siqala ngoMashi kuya ku-April. Ezimweni eziningi, ahlala ngamaqembu.
Izidleke zivame ukwakhiwa eziqongweni zezihlahla ezinkulu ezisabalele futhi, ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, ezakhiweni. Kungaba nezidleke eziningana kuye kwezimbalwa esihlahleni esisodwa. Zenziwe ngezinduku nezinduku, ezihlanganiswe ndawonye ngobumba nobumba, futhi zimbozwe ngazo zonke izinto ezithambile ezitholakalayo - utshani, izinwele, uboya.
12
Ku-clutch, insikazi izalela amaqanda ama-4 kuya kwayi-5.
Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bamaqanda bungama-40 x 29 mm, anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namachashaza ansundu kanye naphuzi futhi anokwakheka kwemabula. I-Incubation iqala kusukela ngesikhathi iqanda lokuqala libekwe futhi lihlala kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-18 kuya kweziyi-19.
13
Amatshwele ahlala esidlekeni amaviki ama-4 ukuya kwayi-5.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, bobabili abazali bayazondla.
14
Isilinganiso sokuphila kwama-rooks endle iminyaka eyisithupha.
Umnikazi werekhodi phakathi kwalezi zinyoni wayeneminyaka engu-23 nezinyanga ezingu-9 ubudala.
15
Inani labantu base-Europe lilinganiselwa ukuthi liphakathi kwezigidi eziyi-16,3 nezingu-28,4.
Inani labantu basePoland lisukela ezilwaneni eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-366 kuye kwezingama-444, kwathi ngo-2007-2018 inani labantu lancipha ngamaphesenti angama-41%.
16
Lokhu akulona uhlobo olusengozini yokushabalala.
I-International Union for Conservation of Nature ibala uhlu oluvamile njengohlobo olungakhathazeki kangako. E-Poland, lezi zinyoni zingaphansi kokuvikelwa kwezinhlobo eziqinile ezifundeni zokuphatha zamadolobha kanye nokuvikelwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane ngaphandle kwazo. Ngo-2020 zafakwa ohlwini lwe-Polish Red Book of Birds njengezinhlobo ezisengozini.
Amaqiniso anentshisekeloAmaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana ne-panda enkulu
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