Izinhlobo zezimbungulu - ekhaya nasemvelweni

I-suborder yezinambuzane ze-hemipteran ezaziwa ngokuthi izimbungulu (lat. Heteroptera) iqukethe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-40, ezitholakala kakhulu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. I-Russia futhi iyikhaya lezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-000, kusukela ezifundeni ezifudumele kuya eSiberia ngisho nase-Arctic Circle.

Naphezu kokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezilwane, izimbungulu zinezici ezithile ezivamile:

1. Ukwakheka kwephiko: I-membranous ngokwengxenye, ingxenye yesikhumba. Amaphiko awekho kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane; ezinye azinamaphiko ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
2. Inombolo yezitho: Abantu abadala bahlala benamapheya amathathu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bahlala kuphi.
3. Izindlala ezikhethekile: Zikhiqiza into enephunga elinamandla elisiza ukuxosha izilwane ezidla ezinye.
4. I-Setae kanye ne-proboscis: Ukusebenza njengezingxenye zomlomo ezisetshenziselwa ukubhoboza nokumunca uketshezi olufana negazi, amajusi ezitshalo, njll.

Ubukhulu bezimbungulu buyahlukahluka ukusuka kumamilimitha ambalwa ukuya kumasentimitha ayi-15. Umzimba uvame ukuba yi-oval, flat, embozwe ngegobolondo le-chitinous. Imibala nayo iyahlukahluka, ikhombisa amasu ahlukene okusinda, futhi ihlanganisa nemibala egqamile ukuze ixwayise ngengozi. Izimbungulu nazo zisebenzisa i-cimycin acid ukuxosha izilwane ezidla ezinye.

Isiphazamisi. Izinhlobo

Amalungu e-suborder ye-Heteroptera ahlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezilwane, ezihlanganisa umhlaba, emanzini, indlu, ngaphandle, i-herbivorous, predatory and ectoparasitic bugs. Ama-herbivores, noma ama-phytophages, adla ujusi wamaqabunga, imbewu nezithelo. Izimbungulu ezidla ezinye zidla izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane, izibungu nezilwane ezingenamgogodla. I-Ectoparasites, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hematophages, idla igazi lezidalwa ezinegazi elifudumele, kuhlanganise nabantu.

Izimbungulu nazo zihlukaniswa ngokobudlelwano bazo nabantu - zingaba yinzuzo noma zibe usongo kubantu. Izimbungulu eziningi azinangozi ngokuphelele kubantu, kodwa futhi kukhona nenani lezinhlobo eziyizinambuzane eziqondile, njengezinambuzane zombhede ezaziwayo. Ake sihlolisise lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene.

Izimbungulu zamanzi

Izinhlobonhlobo zezimbungulu zihlala ezindaweni zasemanzini, okuhlanganisa:

1. Izidudla zamanzi: Lezi zinambuzane ezinemilenze emide, ezaziwa abaningi kusukela ebuntwaneni, zihamba phezu kwamanzi. Lo mndeni obanzi uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-700. Zidla izinambuzane eziwela emanzini futhi zidle kakhulu phakathi kwamaqabunga awile.
2. Ofezela bamanzi: Lokhu akulona nje uhlobo, kodwa umndeni wonke, ohlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili ezihlukene. Ubude obujwayelekile balezi zinambuzane ezinsundu cishe bungamasentimitha angu-4,5. Azikwazi ukubhukuda nokuhlala emanzini angashoni, zisebenzisa i-appendage ekhethekile yokuphefumula.
3. I-Belostoma giant: Lesi siphazamisi siyamangaza ngosayizi waso omkhulu, okwazi ukufinyelela kumasentimitha ayishumi. Ize izingele izimfudu futhi iyisilwane esizingelayo esingatholakali eRussia.
4. I-Plautus vulgare: Imbungulu yamanzi edla izinhlanzi ezithosiwe, izibungu, ama-mollusk nezinye izinambuzane.
5. Gladysh: Isiphazamisi samanzi esikwazi ukundiza, ukudla kwaso okuhlanganisa izinambuzane ngisho nezinhlanzi ezincane. Ukulunywa kwayo, nakuba ikwazi ukuhlaba, akubeki ingozi kubantu.

Izimbungulu

Izimbungulu zihlala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa utshani, inhlabathi, izihlahla nezihlahla. Ukuzijwayeza kwabo esimweni sezulu kuyahlukahluka - ukusuka ogwadule kanye nama-steppe kuya e-tundra. Lezi zinambuzane zitholakala kokubili ezindaweni zemvelo nasezindaweni ezishisayo zabantu ezifana nezibaya, izindlu zezinkukhu kanye nezindlu.

Eminye yemindeni eminingi kakhulu yezimbungulu yizimbungulu ezinukayo, ezaziwa nangokuthi izimbungulu zezihlahla ngenxa yegobolondo elifana nesihlangu emhlane wazo. Nokho, azihlali ezihlahleni kuphela. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine zezinambuzane ezinukayo, eziningi zazo ezidala umonakalo omkhulu kwezolimo.

Ezinye izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinambuzane ezinukayo zihlanganisa:

1. Isihlangu seBerry: Isiphazamisi esibomvu-nsundu esidla umpe wamajikijolo, kanye namaqabunga nemiqumbe yezitshalo zezolimo.
2. Isihlangu esinomugqa: Ipendwe ngemigqa ebomvu nemnyama. I-herbivorous bug edla ama-inflorescence edill, iparsley nezaqathi.
3. Isihlangu semabula: Isiphazamisi esizala ngokushesha esidla ubisi lwezitshalo ezahlukahlukene kanye nobusika obusika emakamelweni ashisayo, njengezakhiwo zokuhlala.
4. I-Shield turtle: Ilimaza futhi idle okusanhlamvu, okwenza umonakalo omkhulu kwezolimo, futhi ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-50.

Izinhlobo ezizuzisayo zezimbungulu

Ezinye izinhlobo zezimbungulu zingaletha izinzuzo eziphawulekayo kubantu. Phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo kukhona:

1. Isiphazamisi esibomvu esingenamaphiko, noma isiphazamisi samasosha: Ngokudla izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezifile namaqabunga omile, lesi siphazamisi sisheshisa inqubo yemvelo yokuzihlanza.
2. Izinambuzane Zezimbali: Ezinye izinhlobo zidla ama-aphid, izibungu, izibungu namaqanda ezinambuzane eziyingozi. Zitshalwa ngisho ukuze zivikele izimbali nezinye izitshalo.
3. Zicron blue: Idla amaqanda nezibungu zamabhungane amaqabunga ayingozi, le bug isindisa amaqabunga ezitshalo, kuhlanganise nalawo atshalwa abantu. Kuyasiza futhi ukunciphisa inani le-Colorado potato beetle elihlasela amazambane.
4. I-Perillus: Esinye isilokazane esincamela ukudla amabhungane amaqabunga, kuhlanganise nabadala bawo.

Izinhlobo eziyingozi zezimbungulu

Manje ake sibheke izinhlobo zezimbungulu ezidala umonakalo. Okokuqala, imbungulu igqama phakathi kwabo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kwalezi zinambuzane kunezinambuzane eziningana, njenge:

1. Izinambuzane ezidlwenguliwe kanye ne-cruciferous: Lezi zinambuzane zidla izitshalo ezibalulekile kwezolimo ezifana ne-rapeseed, radishes, turnips kanye neklabishi, okwenza umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni.
2. "Ufudu Olubi": Lesi siphazamisi siyingozi ezitshalweni zokusanhlamvu. Igobolondo layo lenza kube nzima ukuhlukanisa uhlaza. Izibungu zalezi zimbungulu zivela ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezitshalo futhi zonakalise okusanhlamvu kanye nezindala.
3. Isiphazamisi esinuka kabi esiluhlaza (noma i-berry bug): Idla amajusi amajikijolo ahlukahlukene, anjengama-gooseberries nama-raspberries, le bug ishiya iphunga elibi kuwo, okwenza amajikijolo angakufanelekeli ukudliwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubangela usongo olukhulu ezitshalweni zokusanhlamvu.

Izinhlobo zasekhaya zezimbungulu

Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimbungulu eziyingozi, ama-ectoparasites asekhaya ayingozi enkulu kubantu. Leli gama lisebenza ezimbungulu ezidla igazi lezilwane nabantu. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinhlobo zezinambuzane ezihlala ezindlini. Zincane ngosayizi futhi zinomzimba oyisicaba, kodwa ngemva kokuphuza igazi ziba zinkulu kakhulu. Azinawo amaphiko namehlo, kepha anxephezela lokhu ngomqondo othuthukile wokuhogela, ukuthinta kanye nemilenze esheshayo. Izibungu zalezi zimbungulu zilinganiselwa ku-1-4 mm, abadala - kufika ku-6 mm.

Ama-ectoparasites asekhaya ahlala emifantwini ehlukahlukene, emifantwini nasezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zefenisha. Bayakwazi ukuhamba phakathi kwamafulethi ahlukene noma ngisho nezindlu, bancamela ukuhamba ebusuku.

Naphezu kwenkolelo evamile yokuthi izimbungulu ezimunca igazi zihlala emibhedeni kuphela futhi ziphuza igazi labantu kuphela, lokhu akulona iqiniso. Abanye babo bahlala emigedeni futhi babulala amalulwane. Abanye, njengokuthi "ukugwinya izimbungulu", bakhetha igazi lezinyoni, kodwa ngeke banqabe igazi lomuntu uma benikezwa ithuba.

Isiphazamisi sombhede, noma isinambuzane sasendlini, sivamile kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba. Akekho ongagonyiwe kukho, kungakhathaliseki indlela yokuphila noma ingcebo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo ze-ectoparasites zasekhaya azivamile futhi azihlali eRussia, zikhetha amazwe afudumele.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi, isibonelo:

1. I-Triatomous: Lolu hlobo lwe-bug luyingozi, ukulunywa kwalo kungabangela ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic. Futhi ithwala isifo se-Chagas.
2. Ukushiswa: Ungaqagela egameni ukuthi ukulunywa kwayo kubangela ukungezwani okukhulu.

E-Russia, izinhlobo ezintathu ezivame kakhulu zezimbungulu yilezi:

1. I-Cimex lectularius: Uhlobo olusabalele kakhulu lwezinambuzane zasendlini ezidla igazi lomuntu. Hardy futhi ekwazi ukuzila ukudla isikhathi eside.
2. I-Occiacus hirundinis: Izimbungulu zokugwinya, ezingadla igazi lomuntu. Baphethe izifo eziyingozi.
3. I-Cimex pipistrelli: Lolu hlobo lwezinambuzane ludla igazi lamalulwane.

Ngezinye izikhathi eRussia ungathola izinambuzane ezishisayo ezishisayo - iCimex hemipterus.

Kungani izimbungulu ziyingozi?

Umjikelezo wempilo yesiphazamisi sombhede uhlanganisa isikhathi esiyizinyanga eziyi-12 kuya kweziyi-14. Lapho izibungu zezimbungulu ziluma umuntu, zingamunca igazi elifinyelela kuhhafu wemililitha, kuyilapho isinambuzane esikhulile singadinga amamililitha angu-XNUMX ekulumeni kanye. Ngemva kokulunywa, izimpawu zesici zivela: isikhumba siphenduka sibe bomvu, siqala ukulunywa, futhi kungenzeka ukuqubuka. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yento ekhethekile enomphumela we-analgesic ofihliwe yi-bug, ukulunywa kungase kubonakale kancane, futhi abantu abaningi abakuboni ngisho nokukubona.

Ukuqeda izimbungulu akuwona umsebenzi olula, okwenza zibe usongo olukhulu kubantu. Uma zizalela emibhedeni nasezindaweni zokuhlala, zingahlukumeza umuntu ngokulunywa okungapheli. Nakuba lokhu kungelona usongo oluqondile empilweni yomzimba (ngaphandle kokungezwani komzimba okungenzeka), kunomthelela omkhulu empilweni yengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izimbungulu zihamba phakathi kwamafulethi noma izindlu ezihlukene, zingase zibe nezifo ezithile. Izindawo zokuluma nazo zingabangela ukulunywa okungajabulisi, okungaholela ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene zesikhumba.

Izimbungulu zithanda izinga lokushisa elisukela ku-25 kuya ku-30 ​​degrees Celsius futhi zizwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa. Abakwazi ukubekezelela ukushintshashintsha okungazelelwe kokushisa noma amakhaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, besaba ama-insecticide anamandla, nakuba, ngeshwa, izimbungulu zikhula ukumelana nale mikhiqizo, ngakho-ke izindlela eziphumelelayo nezindlela zokulawula ziyadingeka.

FAQ

Yini okufanele uyenze uma omakhelwane bakho benezimbungulu?

Isinyathelo esinengqondo kakhulu siwukuba nengxoxo evulekile nomakhelwane bakho, lapho ungadonsela ukunaka kwabo kule nkinga. Xoxani ngezinyathelo ezingenzeka zokulawula izimbungulu futhi nicele ukusiza, njengokuhlola ifenisha ndawonye, ​​ukuhlanza, noma ukumboza ingxenye yezindleko zokwelashwa kochwepheshe. Khumbula ukuthi inkinga yezimbungulu zomakhelwane bakho ngeke ithinte bona kuphela, kodwa futhi nawe, okwandisa ingozi yalezi zinambuzane ekhaya lakho.

Zisabani izimbungulu?

Enye yezinto ezikhathaza kakhulu izimbungulu ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ukwelapha izindawo ezihlala kuzo. Abanye abantu bangase baqale ukumelana nabo kancane kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbungulu azikwazi ukubekezelela ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa.

Ungasusa kanjani izimbungulu ekhaya?

Kunezindlela eziningi ezikhethekile ezikuvumela ukuthi ucekele phansi izimbungulu ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kochwepheshe. Amalungiselelo afana ne-dichlorvos, i-karbofos nezinye zingasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa ekhaya. Ukuze usebenze kahle nokuphepha, imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo ngamunye kufanele ilandelwe ngokuqinile.

Ungazibona kanjani izimbungulu?

Izimbungulu zasendlini zivame ukukhetha ifenisha esetshenziselwa ukulala, njengemibhede noma osofa, njengendawo yazo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela indawo yokulala, kuhlanganise namakhona, amalunga, ngaphansi nangemuva. Uma kungenzeka, phenduka futhi uqaqe usofa. Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukuhlola enye ifenisha endlini, ikakhulukazi ekamelweni.