I-Whiteflies: izithombe eziyi-12 zezinambuzane nezindlela zokuqeda izinambuzane ezincane

Ibukeka kanjani i-whitefly (isithombe)

Incazelo yalesi sinambuzane

Igama: izimpukane
Isi-Latin: I-Aleyrodidae

Ibanga: Izinambuzane - isinambuzane
Isigcawu: I-Hemiptera - i-Hemiptera
Umndeni: izimpukane

	Izindawo zokuhlala:	kuzo zonke izindawo, kuhlanganisa nezikhala ezivalekile
	Kuyingozi ku-:	imifino, izithelo namajikijolo
	Izindlela zokubhubhisa:	amakhemikhali, izindlela zabantu

Ama-Whiteflies umndeni wezinambuzane ezindizayo ezincane ezihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1500. Igama lesayensi le-whiteflies, i-aleurodids, livela egameni lesiGreki elithi "aleuron", elisho "ufulawa".

Ukubukeka kwezimpukane

Impukane iphumule.

Izimpukane ezimhlophe ziyingxenye yezinambuzane ze-homoptera. Anamapheya amabili amaphiko ambozwe ngengubo emhlophe. Phezulu kungase kube namaphethini ngendlela yamabala amnyama. Lapho ziphumule, izimpukane ezimhlophe zisonga amaphiko azo zivundlile zihambisane nemizimba yazo.

Umzimba wezinambuzane awudluli u-2-3 mm ubude no-0,3-0,7 mm ububanzi. Umbala wayo, kuye ngezinhlobo, ungaba mhlophe noma ubomvu-ophuzi namachashazi amnyama.

Izici Zokuphindaphindeka

Insikazi eyodwa endala, ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo, ikwazi ukubeka amaqanda afika kumakhulu amathathu. Isikhathi sokuzalanisa izinambuzane siqala ngokufika kwesimo sezulu esishisayo esizinzile. Phakathi nonyaka, inani lezizukulwane zezimpukane ezimhlophe lingafinyelela ku-3.

Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwezinambuzane awuphelele futhi ihlanganisa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• iqanda;
• izibungu ezihambayo zeminyaka yokuqala, ezinamapheya angu-6 ezitho nemilenze;
• izibungu ezinganyakazi ze-II kanye ne-III instars enemilenze e-atrophied kanye nezimpondo;
• IV instar izibungu noma pseudopupae;
• imago noma omdala.

Indlela yokuphila nokudla

Abantu abadala bezimpukane ezimhlophe bazibandakanya kakhulu ekukhiqizeni, kodwa izibungu ze-I-III instars zinesifiso esihle sokudla futhi zichitha isikhathi esiningi phezu kwezitshalo zefolishi. Isisekelo sokudla kwabo amajusi emifino. Lezi zinambuzane ziyingozi kakhulu ngezitshalo ezilandelayo:

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezimpukane ezimhlophe

Phakathi kwenani elikhulu lezimpukane ezimhlophe, iningi Kunezinhlobo ezi-5 eziyinhloko:

• greenhouse noma greenhouse whitefly, elimaza ukhukhamba, utamatisi kanye nezimbali ezithile;
• i-citrus whitefly, ebeka ingozi enkulu ezitshalweni zohlobo olufanayo;
• i-strawberry whitefly iyinkathazo eyingozi yama-strawberries, ama-strawberries asendle nezinye izitshalo zalolu hlobo;
• iklabishi i-whitefly idla amajusi e-celandine, i-milkweed namanye amakhambi, futhi ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu eklabishi;
• impukane kagwayi, evame kakhulu emhlabeni wonke futhi isebenzisa amajusi ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ukuze idle.

indawo yezinambuzane

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpukane zitholakala ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

Lezi zinambuzane zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezifudumele nezinomswakama. Isibalo esiphezulu sabantu nezinhlobonhlobo zezimpukane zingatholakala emazweni anesimo sezulu esishisayo nesishisayo.

Inkathazo encane nayo ihlala ngenjabulo emakamelweni lapho izimo ezifanelekile zadalwa ngumuntu, ngokwesibonelo:

Izimpawu zokuvela kwezimpukane

Izimpukane ezimhlophe zincane kakhulu futhi akulula ukuzibona. Imvamisa, bazinikela ngenxa yokuvela kwezimpawu ezitshalweni ezithintekile. Izimpawu zobukhona kanye nomsebenzi walesi silokazane zingaba kanje:

• ingxenye engezansi yamaqabunga esitshalo imbozwe izibungu zezinambuzane ezishintshashintshayo, ezifana nezikali;
• ukubonakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zezitshalo zokugqoka okunamathelayo noma okuthiwa "amazolo oju";
• ukulimala kwamaqabunga yi-soot fungus;
• ukuphuzi nokugoqa amaqabunga;
• ukuncipha kokukhula nokuthuthuka kwezitshalo.

Izimbangela zokuvela ezitshalweni

Ngokuvamile, izinambuzane zilimaza izitshalo ezingakutholi ukunakwa okufanele noma ezinesimiso sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka. Kunezizathu ezimbalwa eziyinhloko zokuvela kwezimpukane ezimhlophe.

Izindlela Zokulawula I-Whitefly

Impukane ihlasela izitshalo ezikhula ngaphandle nangaphakathi. Ngenxa yokuthi izimo zokulawula izinambuzane zingahluka, izindlela zingahluka kakhulu komunye nomunye. Nokho, njengoba kwenzeka kwezinye izinambuzane eziningi, zonke izindlela zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali akhethekile;
• izindlela zemishini zokulawula izinambuzane;
• abantu zokupheka.

Izindlela eziyi-11 zokubulala i-whitefly

isiphetho

Izibalo ezincane zama-whiteflies mancane amathuba okuba zibangele umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni, kodwa ukulwa nezinambuzane ezinamaphiko akufanele kuhlehliswe kuze kube kamuva. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane zizala ngokushesha ngokwanele. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, inani labo lingakhula izikhathi ezingamakhulu amaningana, bese libeka usongo olukhulu ekuvuneni kwesikhathi esizayo.