I-Pea moth (i-gall midge)

I-pea moth (Contarinia pisi) iyimpukane engaba ngu-2 mm ubude, ophuzi ngombala, enemigqa ensundu ohlangothini lomgogodla kanye nezimpondo ezicishe zibe mnyama. Isibungu simhlophe noma siphuzi, sifinyelela ku-3 mm ubude. Izibungu overwinter in imifece ungqimba phezu kwenhlabathi. Entwasahlobo, emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-15 degrees Celsius, i-pupation iyenzeka, futhi izimpukane zivela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi noJuni, ngesikhathi sokwakheka kwezimbali ze-pea. Ngemva kokuvundiswa, abesifazane bazalela amaqanda amise okwe-cigar, amade, acishe abe sobala kuma-flower buds kanye namathiphu okudubula. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, izibungu ziyachamisela futhi ziqale ukuzala futhi zithuthuke. Izibungu ezikhulile zishiya izindawo zazo zokudla futhi zithuthele emhlabathini, lapho, lapho sezakhele umfece, ziqhume futhi ziphume izimpukane. Izinsikazi zalesi sizukulwane zizalela amaqanda ikakhulukazi kuma-pea pods, lapho izibungu zesizukulwane sesibili zidla futhi zikhule. Ngemva kokuqedwa kokuthuthukiswa, izibungu zihamba emhlabathini ukuze ziyohlala ebusika. Izizukulwane ezimbili ziyakhula ngonyaka.

Izimbali zikaphizi, uphizi wasensimini, ubhontshisi nobhontshisi olinyazwe izibungu azikhuli, zikhukhumale phansi, zome futhi ziwe. Amathiphu okukhula ayaqina, ukukhula kwama-internode kuyavinjelwa, iziqu zezimbali ziyafinyezwa, futhi imiqumbe yezimbali iqoqwa njengeqoqo. Ama-pods ezimbali ezilimele mancane futhi asontekile. Ingaphakathi lemidumba kanye nembewu liyaququdwa.

Uphizi, uphizi, ubhontshisi, ubhontshisi wasensimini

Kunconywa ukwenza ukwelashwa kwe-agrotechnical, njengokuhlwanyela kwangaphambili (ukusheshisa ukuqhakaza, ukuhlwanyela izinhlobo zakuqala ngenkathi emfushane yokukhula kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwendawo kusuka ezitshalweni zepea zonyaka odlule. Ukulawulwa kwamakhemikhali kwenziwa ehlobo lezimpukane, ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda, ngesikhathi sokwakheka kwama-buds nezimbali Izidakamizwa ezisebenzayo nezinconyiwe zokulwa ne-pharyngitis yi-Mospilan 20SP noma i-Karate Zion 050CS.