Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngomiyane

Ihlobo yisikhathi esiyintandokazi sonyaka hhayi kuphela ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Izinambuzane ezicasulayo zibonakala ziklanyelwe ukwenza mnyama isimo sethu sengqondo ngezinsuku zasehlobo ezingenandaba. Ukuhlangana nomiyane kunzima ukukugwema, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlonyiswa ngolwazi oludingekayo futhi usebenzise ukuqapha.

Umiyane uphila isikhathi esingakanani?

Lapho umiyane ocasulayo ungena endlini yakho, kubonakala sengathi ukulungele ukuhlala lapho unomphela. Nokho, akunjalo. Ukuphila kwayo kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kodwa ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kakhulu ngeke kudlule izinyanga eziyisithupha. Futhi lokhu kunikezwa ukuthi abesilisa baphila isikhathi esifushane nakakhulu. Ngokuvamile, omiyane besilisa bahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga, kanti abesifazane - cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Lezi zinkomba nazo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezinga lokushisa, uhlobo kanye nokutholakala kokudla.

Abanye balaba basucker begazi bakwazi kanjani ukuphila baze bafinyelele irekhodi izinyanga ezingu-6? Iqiniso liwukuthi bawela esimweni se-torpor ekushiseni okungaba ngu-0 degrees (hibernation). Bese bephaphama sengathi akwenzekanga lutho, futhi isikhathi abasichitha besesimweni esibi senezelwa emjikelezweni wabo wokuphila.

Izinzuzo zezinambuzane ezimunca igazi

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungase kuzwakale kungavamile kangakanani, kuvela ukuthi omiyane abayona nje inkathazo, kodwa futhi banenani labo emhlabeni wethu.

Ngakho ithini incazelo yawo:

1. Impova: Ezinye izinhlobo zomiyane zihlanganyela ngenkuthalo ekusakazeni impova ezitshalweni. Zidla umpe wezimbali, zisiza ekukhipheni impova.
2. Iqhaza ohlelweni lokudla: Ngaphandle komiyane, ukuphila eMhlabeni bekuzoshintsha ngokushesha kube kubi kakhulu. Zisebenza njengokudla kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane. Ngokwesibonelo, amankonjane ngeke akwazi ukuphila emadolobheni ngaphandle kwezinambuzane ezimunca igazi ekudleni kwawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibungu zomiyane zihlinzeka ngokudla kwezinhlanzi, izilwane ezihlala emanzini nasezweni kanye nenzalo yazo, zikhula kuma-biotopes asemanzini.
3. Impilo yomuntu: Naphezu komonakalo osobala abasibangela wona, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi omiyane bangancibilikisa amahlule amancane egazi le-capillary futhi banciphise igazi. Lokhu kunomphumela omuhle empilweni yabantu abaphethwe izifo zesimiso senhliziyo.
4. Izinketho zabo zokudla: Akubona bonke omiyane abahlose igazi labantu. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-3500 XNUMX zomiyane, futhi akuzona zonke ezinesithakazelo egazini lomuntu. Ezinye izinhlobo zithanda igazi lezinyoni noma lezilwane ezihuquzelayo.

Inkokhiso

Ngisho nezwe lezokwakha linendawo yezakhamuzi ezingezona abantu. Ngo-2006, kwakhiwa isikhumbuzo esiyingqayizivele eYamalo-Nenets Okrug - isithombe somiyane. Ekuqaleni, lo mbono wawubonakala uyinqaba kuzakhamuzi, kodwa umphumela waba umxhwele: lesikhumbuzo siheha izivakashi ezifika edolobheni laseNoyabrsk ukuze zithwebule izithombe ezithakazelisayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi yadalwa njengetshe lesikhumbuzo, ngoba kubantu abaningi isithwathwa saseSiberia saba sibi kakhulu kunalezi zinambuzane eziphikelelayo.

Isikhumbuzo esikhulu kunazo zonke somiyane, esingaphezu kwamamitha angu-5 ukuphakama, sisePetrozavodsk. Insimbi ethi "Onega mosquito" iyamangaza ngobukhulu bayo. Abavakashi bagubha ubuciko bombhali kanye ne-flavour ye-Karelian yale nto yokwenziwa.

Eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSlovakia kunedolobha laseKomárno, lapho ungabona khona nomiyane owenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali. Le nto izungeza i-axis yayo futhi yenze umsindo ohlabayo. Amaphiko ayo angaphezu kwama-400 cm.

Ukuzwela ukujuluka

I-lactic acid, etholakala emjulukweni womuntu, iyisisusa esiyinhloko sokuluma. Ngakho-ke, ehlobo kunconywa ukuzivocavoca endlini neminyango ivaliwe.

Omiyane bakhetha ama-blondes

Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yocwaningo, ososayensi bathola ukutholakala okuthakazelisayo: izinambuzane zesifazane kuphela ezimunca igazi, okudingekayo emisebenzini yazo yokuzala. Labo abanentshisekelo bafunda ukuthi bancamela ukuluma abesifazane, ikakhulukazi labo abanezinwele ezimhlophe.

Ithonya lenyanga egcwele

Bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-bloodsuckers, ama-bloodsuckers ngisho nama-vampires. Nokho, omiyane bangase bafaniswe nezinye izidalwa zasenganekwaneni, njengama- werewolves. Incazelo yalokhu kufana iwukuthi omiyane besifazane baluma ngokuphumelelayo kakhulu phakathi nenyanga egcwele, lapho umsebenzi wabo ukhuphuka ngamakhulu amaphesenti.

Ingozi yokutheleleka

Omiyane bayizinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu ezingathwala izifo eziningi eziyingozi njengomalaleveva, i-dengue fever kanye ne-tularemia. Amasosha ethu omzimba anobunzima bokubhekana nokuhlasela komzimba yigciwane le-encephalitis yaseJapane, elithwalwa abasuthi begazi bohlobo lwe-Aedes.

Uma unezimpawu ze-yellow fever noma ezinye izifo ezingase zibulale ngemva kokulunywa, kutuswa kakhulu ukuthi ubonane nodokotela.

Indlela umiyane othola ngayo isisulu sawo

Omiyane babona i-carbon dioxide ekhishwa abantu ebangeni elingamamitha angama-50. Ngamamitha angu-15 bangakwazi kakade ukuhlukanisa i-silhouette yomuntu futhi baqonde kuye. Ebangeni elingamamitha angu-3, ​​izinambuzane zizwa ukufudumala nephunga lesikhumba, emva kwalokho ziyaluma.

Ubani ongaphandle kwendawo engcuphe

Ngeshwa, ngisho noma usekhaya, awukwazi ukugwema ngokuphelele lezi zinambuzane. Ucwaningo luveza ukuthi abantu abanohlobo lwegazi u-O nalabo abaphuza utshwala bahehwa kakhulu omiyane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanye amavithamini, ikakhulukazi iqembu B, awanawo umdlandla kulezi zinambuzane ezimunca igazi.

Egameni lesayensi

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kwenziwa ucwaningo olunzima e-tundra yaseCanada: indoda enemilenze enqunu kanye ne-torso "yashiywa ukuba idliwe" yizinambuzane ezimunca igazi. Ngehora elilodwa nje wayesezungezwe izinkulungwane zomiyane, okwenza umonakalo ngesilinganiso sokulunywa izikhathi ezingu-9000 2,5 ngomzuzu. Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi ngaleli zinga ungalahlekelwa amalitha egazi afinyelela ku-XNUMX.

Imiyane namangqamuzana

Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi bayizinambuzane ezifanayo.

Nokho, kukhona umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwabo:

1. Usayizi: Umiyane mncane ngosayizi kunomiyane. Umzimba wayo ufinyelela ubude obungekho ngaphezu kuka-3 mm, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zomiyane zingakhula zibe ngu-1 cm.
2. Imindeni ehlukene: Zombili lezi zinhlobo zezinambuzane zingama-dipteran, kodwa omiyane bangamalungu omkhaya wovemvane, kuyilapho omiyane bengekho.
3. Amaqhinga okuhlasela: Omiyane abaningi abavamile ukukhetha indawo ethile abazohlasela kuyo. Omiyane bacophelela kakhulu kule ndaba. Bangena ngokunyenya nangokuzethemba emithanjeni yegazi, okuvame ukubenza babe yingozi kakhulu futhi ukulunywa kwabo kube buhlungu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangabathwali be-pappataci fever kanye ne-bartonellosis.
4. I-larva izochamusela kuphi: Ngemva kokuzala, ezinsikazi ziya emanzini aseduze, lapho izibungu zomiyane zilungiselela ukuba abantu abadala. Komiyane, inhlabathi emanzi iba indawo yokuqala yomjikelezo wabo wokuphila.
5. I-Ареал распространения: Ukuze uhlangabezane nomiyane, udinga ukuya esifundeni saseKrasnodar noma eCaucasus, noma ezweni elinesimo sezulu esishisayo. Omiyane bajwayele ukuhlala eduze kwethu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sikuphi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica ne-Iceland.

Yiqiniso, ama-bloodsuckers afana kakhulu. Okungenani, omiyane nezihlobo zabo bachitha ukuphila kwabo konke befuna inyamazane entsha.

Pacifist abesilisa

Ngokumangalisayo, omiyane besilisa abakhathazeki ngokuthola izisulu ezintsha njengabesifazane. Kunalokho, badla umpe wezitshalo futhi bagwema inkampani yethu noma nini lapho kungenzeka.

Eqinisweni, omiyane besilisa nabo bangadla ukudla kwemifino ngenjabulo. Ziphinde zithuthele izimbali lapho kungenasidingo sokuzala. Igazi liqukethe amaprotheni nezinye izakhi, ngaphandle kwalokho bekungeke kwenzeke ukwenza umsebenzi wokuzala.

Akukho ukungezwani komzimba

Kubantu abaningi, amathe omiyane abangela ukungezwani komzimba, okubonakaliswa ukulunywa nokuba bomvu kwesikhumba. Omiyane basebenzisa amathe ukuze bagcobe i-proboscis yabo, benze lula ukungena kwabo emithanjeni yegazi. Ukwakheka kwamathe kuqukethe ama-anticoagulants, athinta kabi ukujiya kwegazi, ngakho amanye amathe agcina esenxebeni.

Umzimba ukhiqiza amasosha omzimba ukulwa nento yangaphandle, okubangela ukukhululwa kwama-histamines. Ama-histamines aholela ekwandeni kwemithambo yegazi endaweni yokulunywa, okwenza amaqhubu esikhumbeni. Ukulunywa okukhulu kwenzeka ngenxa yokucasuka kweziphetho zemizwa kule ndawo.

Abantu abadala emhlabeni wethu

Okutholwe okusha ngabacwaningi kuqinisekisa ukuthi okhokho bomiyane baphila emhlabeni eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-46 edlule. Izinsalela ezatholwa kwakungezomiyane, ngaleso sikhathi owawusuvele udla igazi lezilwane ezincelisayo zokuqala.

Lokhu kutholakala futhi kwandisa ukuqonda kwethu isikhathi sokuvela kwe-hematophages, okubonisa ukuthi lezi zinambuzane ezimunca igazi zavela eMhlabeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kakhulu kunalokho esasikucabanga.

Ayikho indawo engcono ekhaya

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-3000 zomiyane Emhlabeni, futhi iningi labo alivamile ukushiya izindawo abahlala kuzo. Izinhlobo eziningi zomiyane zilinganisela ukunyakaza kwazo ibanga elingamakhilomitha amane.

Isibonelo, omiyane behlosi, abasuka e-Asia, ngokuvamile bahlala eduze nezindawo zabo zamanzi futhi bahambe amamitha angaphezu kuka-100.

Ukumelana nezibani ze-insecticidal

Izibani zomiyane ngeke zibe yisixazululo esisebenzayo sokulawula omiyane. Omiyane abaphenduli ekukhanyeni, okuheha ezinye izinambuzane zasebusuku njengamabhu namabhu. Basabela ku-carbon dioxide kanye nephunga lesikhumba. Kusebenza kangcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo egcotshwa esikhumbeni somuntu noma efafazwe emoyeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibani ezibulala izinambuzane zingaheha izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezidla ezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi, ezingagcina zenze ukuphila komuntu kube ngcono kunokubulala omiyane.

Umbono Oyiphutha Ovamile

Ubani phakathi kwethu ongakaze abone umiyane omkhulu endlini? Ubude bomzimba womiyane omdala bungafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-50 mm, futhi imilenze yinde ngokungenakulinganiswa uma iqhathaniswa nomzimba. Ingxoxo imayelana nomiyane abanemilenze emide, ngokuvamile abathathwa njengezilwane eziyingozi ezithwala umalaleveva.

Kodwa-ke, ungesabi ubukhulu obumangalisayo balesi sinambuzane esingenabungozi: abantu bayingozi kakhulu futhi banolaka kubo. I-proboscis ethambile yomiyane yalolu hlobo ayikwazi ukubhoboza isikhumba, ngakho-ke ukulunywa kulezi zinambuzane akunakwenzeka.

Okhokho bomiyane besimanje

Endaweni yaseSpain yanamuhla, abavubukuli baye bathola izinsalela zomiyane bokuqala, eziswini zabo bathola igazi lama-dinosaurs. Ngakho-ke, ama-midges anomlando omude, obuyela emuva eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-100. Bafika ku-5 amasentimitha ubude. Kuyahlaba umxhwele, akunjalo?

Intengo yokusinda

Sesikushilo kakade ukuthi omiyane abathandi ukushiya izindawo zabo zomdabu zamanzi futhi ngokuvamile bagwema amabanga amade. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziphuthumayo, lapho zingekho izinto ezifanelekile zokuzingela endaweni, kufanele basebenzise izinyathelo ezibucayi. Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi lezi zinambuzane ezimunca igazi ziyakwazi ukuhamba amakhilomitha angama-64 ukuthola izinsiza zokudla.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, umuzwa wabo wokuhogela ucushiwe kuze kube umkhawulo, okuvumela ukuba bahogele i-carbon dioxide ebangeni elingamamitha angama-50.

Umiyane uyakhala

Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, umsindo esiwuzwayo awuveli omiyane ngokwabo, kodwa uvela emaphikweni abo. I-avareji yokudlidliza izikhathi ezingu-550 ngomzuzwana. Nokho, ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zingakhiqiza umsindo izikhathi ezingafika ku-1000 ngomzuzwana!

Amaqiniso asheshayo mayelana nezinambuzane ezimunca igazi

Manje usuyazi kabanzi mayelana nezici nezici zomiyane. Ama-Nasties ayingxenye ebalulekile yeqiniso lethu. Baze baphila ngaphezu kwama-dinosaurs, futhi akekho owaziyo ngokuqinisekile ukuthi yini enye abakwaziyo ukuyenza.

Uma ungazange uthole ulwazi olwanele, nanka amanye amaqiniso ayi-10 athakazelisayo:

1. Ukusebenzisana: Omiyane abayi-1 banele ukumunca lonke igazi kumuntu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi lokhu kuzothatha cishe amahora ama-200.
2. Bloodsucker Ninja: Leli gama lichaza kahle omiyane. Bangadlula kuwebhu bengabonwa ngaphandle kokuyithinta. Ziyakwazi nokuhamba phezu kwamanzi.
3. Amadolobha omiyane: Kunamadolobha ama-3 emhlabeni amagama awo ahlotshaniswa nezinambuzane ezimunca igazi: eCanada, eSlovakia nase-Ukraine. Kulelo nalelo dolobha, izivakashi zizothola amatshe ezikhumbuzo ezintwaneni.
4. Okuthandwayo Kwezingubo: Omiyane bakhetha ukubona izingubo eziningi ezimpintshayo ngangokunokwenzeka esidlangalaleni. I-proboscis yabo ingena kalula ezicutshini, ifinyelele emithanjeni yegazi. Lesi esinye isizathu sokukhetha izingubo ezikhululekile.
5. Ukulimala komuzwa wokuhogela: Ehlobo, sithanda ukudla isidlo sakusihlwa sangaphandle nomndeni noma nabangane. Kodwa ukuhlangana nomiyane kungonakalisa isimo sengqondo sawo wonke umuntu. Uma upheka emlilweni ovulekile, zama ukugcina intuthu ishubile. Lokhu kuzosiza ukunciphisa iphunga, ukuxosha izinambuzane ezicasulayo.
6. Phansi nempucuko: Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu besebenzisa i-geranium, i-basil nezinye izitshalo ezitshalwayo ukuze balwe nama-midges. Tshala izinhlobo eziningana zamakhambi nezihlahla kusayithi lakho - ngeke nje zihlobise indawo, kodwa futhi zizoxosha omiyane.
7. Ubuhle ngeke bubasuse omiyane: Imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba noketshezi olunephunga elimnandi iheha omiyane abamunca igazi njengephunga lesikhumba somuntu. Esimweni sokuqala, kungenxa ye-lactic acid equkethwe kuma-creams nama-lotions, okwesibili, kungenxa yamanothi ezimbali kanye nezithelo zamakha nama-colognes.
8. Isilwane esiyingozi kunazo zonke emhlabeni: Omiyane bangabathwali bezifo ezithathelwanayo. Phatha ikhithi yosizo lokuqala uma uhamba, ikakhulukazi emazweni ancishwe amathuba lapho ukwelashwa kungase kungatholakali. Ngeshwa, akubona abantu kuphela abasengozini, kodwa nezilwane zabo ezifuywayo. Ukulunywa kungaholela ekuthelelekeni kwezikelemu zenhliziyo, okungase kubangele ukufa kwesilwane.
9. Ubudala yinto eyinhloko: Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, omiyane besifazane bakhetha abesilisa abanobukhulu bomzimba ophakathi, okuvumela

Ibavumela ukuthi bachithe isikhathi esiningi emoyeni. Amaduna wona athanda abesifazane abadala.
10. Iso Ledayimane: Ukubona kwe-infrared kuvumela omiyane ukuthi bahambe kalula ebumnyameni. Abazihlukanisi imininingwane emincane, kodwa lokhu kwanele ukuba bathole inyamazane yabo ngenxa yenzwa yabo ebucayi yokuhogela.

FAQ

Bandiza kanjani omiyane?

Umphakathi wesayensi sekuyisikhathi eside uhlushwa umbuzo wokuthi omiyane bafinyelela kanjani ukundiza kwabo okuyingqayizivele. Le ndlela iphenduke yaba ngabanye futhi ayifani neze nokundiza kwezinye izidalwa ezindizayo. Ngokungafani nezinye izilwane, omiyane banamaphiko amade futhi amancane, futhi imvamisa yokunyakaza kwabo kuphakeme.

Impicabadala yaxazululeka ngenxa yokuthwebula ifilimu ehamba kancane yenqubo yokundiza komiyane. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi isikhathi ngasinye lapho omiyane beqeda ukuhamba bema mpo, bazungeza amaphiko abo. Leli qhinga lizivumela ukuthi zisebenzise konke ukunyakaza kwamaphiko azo ukuze zizuze, zenze i-vortex emoyeni.

Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ingabe omiyane bayayithanda imikhosi kabhiya?

Kuyaziwa ukuthi omiyane bathanda igazi elinotshwala. Izizathu zalesi simo azikaqondwa ngokugcwele. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi phakathi kwazo zonke iziphuzo ezidakayo, omiyane bakhetha ubhiya.

Mhlawumbe impendulo isekukhuphukeni kokujuluka kumuntu odakiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, utshwala bukhipha isikhutha, esiheha laba bantu abamunca igazi.

Kungani kusekhona omiyane?

Nakuba omiyane bebonakala bengomakhelwane abahluphayo, banendima ebalulekile esimisweni semvelo. Uma omiyane benyamalala, ezinye, mhlawumbe izidalwa ezicasulayo neziyingozi kakhulu beziyothatha indawo yazo.

Omiyane badlala indawo ebalulekile ochungechungeni lokudla. Zisebenza njengokudla kwezilwane ezinkulu, ngezinye izikhathi kube ukuphela kwazo ukudla, ngokwesibonelo, kwezinyoni zasenyakatho. Izibungu zomiyane zisebenza njengokudla kwezinhlanzi nezilwane ezihlala emanzini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibungu zomiyane zihlunga amanzi emanzini, zisiza ukuwagcina ehlanzekile. Omiyane abafile nabo bawumthombo wezakhi ezibalulekile ezidingekayo ekuvundiseni komhlabathi nasekukhuleni kwezitshalo. Konke lokhu kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuba khona kwabo emvelweni.