I-Whiteflies: izithombe eziyi-12 zezinambuzane nezindlela zokuqeda izinambuzane ezincane
Ngenkathi efudumele, izinambuzane eziningi eziyingozi zivela ezindlini zasehlobo nasezingadini. Izimpukane ezimhlophe eziphaphazelayo ekuqaleni zingabonakala zingenabungozi, kodwa empeleni ziyizinambuzane eziyingozi ezitshalweni eziningi ezitshalwayo - izimpukane ezimhlophe.
Okuqukethwe
Ibukeka kanjani i-whitefly (isithombe)
Incazelo yalesi sinambuzane
Igama: izimpukane
Isi-Latin: I-AleyrodidaeIbanga: Izinambuzane - isinambuzane
Isigcawu: I-Hemiptera - i-Hemiptera
Umndeni: izimpukane
Izindawo zokuhlala: | kuzo zonke izindawo, kuhlanganisa nezikhala ezivalekile | |
Kuyingozi ku-: | imifino, izithelo namajikijolo | |
Izindlela zokubhubhisa: | amakhemikhali, izindlela zabantu |
Ama-Whiteflies umndeni wezinambuzane ezindizayo ezincane ezihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1500. Igama lesayensi le-whiteflies, i-aleurodids, livela egameni lesiGreki elithi "aleuron", elisho "ufulawa".
Ukubukeka kwezimpukane
Izimpukane ezimhlophe ziyingxenye yezinambuzane ze-homoptera. Anamapheya amabili amaphiko ambozwe ngengubo emhlophe. Phezulu kungase kube namaphethini ngendlela yamabala amnyama. Lapho ziphumule, izimpukane ezimhlophe zisonga amaphiko azo zivundlile zihambisane nemizimba yazo.
Umzimba wezinambuzane awudluli u-2-3 mm ubude no-0,3-0,7 mm ububanzi. Umbala wayo, kuye ngezinhlobo, ungaba mhlophe noma ubomvu-ophuzi namachashazi amnyama.
Izici Zokuphindaphindeka
Insikazi eyodwa endala, ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo, ikwazi ukubeka amaqanda afika kumakhulu amathathu. Isikhathi sokuzalanisa izinambuzane siqala ngokufika kwesimo sezulu esishisayo esizinzile. Phakathi nonyaka, inani lezizukulwane zezimpukane ezimhlophe lingafinyelela ku-3.
Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwezinambuzane awuphelele futhi ihlanganisa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- iqanda;
- izibungu ezihambayo zeminyaka yokuqala, ezinamapheya angu-6 ezitho nemilenze;
- izibungu ezinganyakazi ze-II kanye ne-III instars enemilenze e-atrophied kanye nezimpondo;
- IV instar izibungu noma pseudopupae;
- imago noma omdala.
Indlela yokuphila nokudla
Abantu abadala bezimpukane ezimhlophe bazibandakanya kakhulu ekukhiqizeni, kodwa izibungu ze-I-III instars zinesifiso esihle sokudla futhi zichitha isikhathi esiningi phezu kwezitshalo zefolishi. Isisekelo sokudla kwabo amajusi emifino. Lezi zinambuzane ziyingozi kakhulu ngezitshalo ezilandelayo:
- utamatisi;
- ukhukhamba;
- iklabishi;
- amagilebhisi;
- sitrobheli;
- ijikijolo;
- raspberries;
- i-hibiscus;
- i-fuchsia.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezimpukane ezimhlophe
Phakathi kwenani elikhulu lezimpukane ezimhlophe, iningi Kunezinhlobo ezi-5 eziyinhloko:
- greenhouse noma greenhouse whitefly, elimaza ukhukhamba, utamatisi kanye nezimbali ezithile;
- i-citrus whitefly, ebeka ingozi enkulu ezitshalweni zohlobo olufanayo;
- i-strawberry whitefly iyinkathazo eyingozi yama-strawberries, ama-strawberries asendle nezinye izitshalo zalolu hlobo;
- iklabishi i-whitefly idla amajusi e-celandine, i-milkweed namanye amakhambi, futhi ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu eklabishi;
- impukane kagwayi, evame kakhulu emhlabeni wonke futhi isebenzisa amajusi ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ukuze idle.
indawo yezinambuzane
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpukane zitholakala ezindaweni ezilandelayo:
- IYurophu;
- E-Asia;
- I-America esenyakatho;
- I-South America.
Lezi zinambuzane zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezifudumele nezinomswakama. Isibalo esiphezulu sabantu nezinhlobonhlobo zezimpukane zingatholakala emazweni anesimo sezulu esishisayo nesishisayo.
Inkathazo encane nayo ihlala ngenjabulo emakamelweni lapho izimo ezifanelekile zadalwa ngumuntu, ngokwesibonelo:
- izindlu zokugcina izithombo;
- izindlu zokugcina izithombo;
- izindlu zokugcina izithombo;
- izakhiwo zokuhlala namafulethi.
Izimpawu zokuvela kwezimpukane
Izimpukane ezimhlophe zincane kakhulu futhi akulula ukuzibona. Imvamisa, bazinikela ngenxa yokuvela kwezimpawu ezitshalweni ezithintekile. Izimpawu zobukhona kanye nomsebenzi walesi silokazane zingaba kanje:
- ingxenye engezansi yamaqabunga esitshalo imbozwe izibungu zezinambuzane ezishintshashintshayo, ezifana nezikali;
- ukubonakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zezitshalo zokugqoka okunamathelayo noma okuthiwa "amazolo oju";
- ukulimala kwamaqabunga yi-soot fungus;
- ukuphuzi nokugoqa amaqabunga;
- ukuncipha kokukhula nokuthuthuka kwezitshalo.
Izimbangela zokuvela ezitshalweni
Ngokuvamile, izinambuzane zilimaza izitshalo ezingakutholi ukunakwa okufanele noma ezinesimiso sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka. Kunezizathu ezimbalwa eziyinhloko zokuvela kwezimpukane ezimhlophe.
Imikhuba yezolimo engalungile.
Ukuba khona emibhedeni yokhula, iziqongo zangonyaka odlule namaqabunga awile.
Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nombuso we-hydrothermal ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kanye nezindawo zokugcina izithombo.
Ukutshala izitshalo ezintsha endlini, ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwangaphambili kwezinambuzane.
Ukuntuleka kokuhlolwa njalo kwe-underside yamaqabunga ezitshalo.
Izindlela Zokulawula I-Whitefly
Impukane ihlasela izitshalo ezikhula ngaphandle nangaphakathi. Ngenxa yokuthi izimo zokulawula izinambuzane zingahluka, izindlela zingahluka kakhulu komunye nomunye. Nokho, njengoba kwenzeka kwezinye izinambuzane eziningi, zonke izindlela zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali akhethekile;
- izindlela zemishini zokulawula izinambuzane;
- abantu zokupheka.
isiphetho
Izibalo ezincane zama-whiteflies mancane amathuba okuba zibangele umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni, kodwa ukulwa nezinambuzane ezinamaphiko akufanele kuhlehliswe kuze kube kamuva. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane zizala ngokushesha ngokwanele. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, inani labo lingakhula izikhathi ezingamakhulu amaningana, bese libeka usongo olukhulu ekuvuneni kwesikhathi esizayo.
Ngaphambilini