Ubukeka kanjani umbungu kanye nezici zomsebenzi wawo
Izindwangu zemvelo ziye zaziwa kakhulu emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka. Ngenxa yombungu kasilika, kwavela usilika. Le ndwangu ithandwa ngabesifazane bemfashini ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esibucayi nesibushelelezi.
Okuqukethwe
Ibukeka kanjani isikelemu esibhanqiwe: isithombe
Incazelo kanye nemvelaphi
Usilika uvemvane lomndeni we-True silkworm.
Kukhona inguqulo yokuthi usilika wakhiqizwa ezinambuzaneni kusukela ngo-5000 BC. Ngemva kwesikhathi esibalulekile, inqubo yokukhiqiza ayikashintshi kakhulu.
Esigabeni samazwe ngamazwe, isinambuzane sibizwa ngokuthi "ukufa kukasilika". Umgomo oyinhloko ekukhiqizeni ukuvimbela izimvemvane ekundizeni ngaphandle kwe-cocoon - lokhu kunomthelela ekulondolozweni kwentambo kasilika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-pupa kufanele ife ngaphakathi kwe-cocoon, okungenzeka ngosizo lokushisa okuphezulu.
| I-Wingspan | Ububanzi bamaphiko busukela ku-40 - 60 mm. Nokho, amabhu awandizi neze. Amaduna angandiza ibanga elifushane lapho ekhwelana. |
| Indawo yokuhlala nokudla | Izinambuzane zihlala ezihlahleni zikamalibhele (ama-mulberry). Abantu abaningi bathanda ama-mulberry anamanzi namnandi. Nokho, umbungu kasilika udla amaqabunga kuphela. Izibungu zizidla usuku lonke. Le nqubo ibonakala ngomsindo omkhulu. |
| Ukudalwa kwe-cocoon | Ngemva kwesikhathi sokuzala, amacimbi aqala ukweluka umfece. Enhliziyweni ye-cocoon kunentambo kasilika enhle kakhulu eqhubekayo. I-Hue inombala opinki, ophuzi, omhlophe, oluhlaza. Okumhlophe kakhulu kuyakhethwa. Izinhlobo ezithile zezilwane ziyakhuliswa ukuze kukhiqizwe umucu walowo mbala. |
| Внешний вид | Ibhu alibonakali. Kufana nebhu elikhulu. Uvemvane unamaphiko amakhulu ampunga anemigqa emnyama elandelelwe. Umzimba mkhulu nge-villi ekhanyayo. 2 izimpondo ezinde ekhanda zifana ne-scallops. |
| ULerva | Isibungu sincane kakhulu. Ubukhulu abukho ngaphezu kuka-3 mm. Naphezu kwalokhu, udla amaqabunga ubusuku nemini futhi akhuluphale. |
| Inqubo ye-Moulting | Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, i-molting ivela izikhathi ezingu-4 futhi kutholakala isibungu esihle, esinombala weparele. Kufika ku-8 cm ubude, u-1 cm ubukhulu. Isisindo asidluli ku-5 g. |
| Ukudalwa kochungechunge | Kunamapheya ama-2 emihlathi ekhule kahle ekhanda. Izindlala ezikhethekile ziphela emgodini womlomo ngokuvula. Uketshezi olukhethekile luphuma emgodini. Emoyeni, uketshezi luyaqina bese kuvela intambo kasilika edumile. |
| Izinhlobo | Lolu hlobo lusendle futhi luyafuywa. Endle, zonke izigaba ziyadlula. Ekhaya, babulawa ngokhokho. |
Kumacimbi, intambo kasilika iyinto ekwakhiweni kwe-cocoon. I-cocoon ingaba kusuka ku-1 cm kuya ku-6 cm. Umumo uyindilinga noma oval.
Habitat
Izwe lalesi sinambuzane yiChina. Amabhu asendle ahlala emasimini kamalibhele iminyaka engaphezu kuka-3000 BC. Kamuva baqala ukukhiqiza nokusabalalisa kwamanye amazwe. Eningizimu yePrimorsky Territory yeRussian Federation kanye nezifunda ezisenyakatho yeChina kuhlala izinhlobo zasendle zezimvemvane.
Indawo yokuhlala ihlotshaniswa nokukhiqizwa kukasilika. Izinambuzane zingeniswa ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama ophakathi. Ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa akuvunyelwe. Uhlaza oluningi lwamukelekile.
Indawo eyinhloko yiNdiya neChina. Babalelwa ku-60% wabo bonke usilika. Futhi, ukukhiqiza kuyimboni ebalulekile emnothweni wamazwe afana nalawa:
- Japan;
- Brazil;
- i-France;
- Italy
ukudla kwesibungu
Usilika uthanda amaqabunga kamalibhele.
Amaqabunga kamalibhele awukudla okuyinhloko. Isihlahla sikamalibhele sinezinhlobo eziyi-17. Isihlahla sikhohlisa kakhulu.
Isithelo esinamanzi sibukeka njenge-raspberry yasendle noma i-blackberry. Izithelo zimhlophe, zibomvu, zimnyama. Iphunga elimnandi kakhulu izithelo ezimnyama nezibomvu. Zengezwa kuma-dessert, amakhekhe, iwayini. Kodwa amacimbi awadli izithelo, kodwa imifino kuphela.
Abalimi bakasilika batshala izitshalo futhi benze izimo ezifanele. Amapulazi ahlinzekwa ngamaqabunga ahlala echotshoziwe. Kusemaqabungeni lapho izingxenye ezingcono kakhulu zokukhiqiza izintambo ze-silika ezibalulekile zitholakala.
Indlela yokuphila
Ukukhiqizwa kukasilika kwaba nendima ebalulekile endleleni yokuphila. Izinambuzane zasendle zandiza kahle. Amaphiko azo amakhulu ayekwazi ukukhuphukela emoyeni futhi ahambe ibanga elifanele.
Amabhu ayasebenza. Nokho, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuye kwabathonya kakhulu. Abesilisa bayasebenza. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umuntu omdala akadli lutho. Lona umehluko omkhulu ovela kunwabu enemihlathi enamandla, ebamba ukudla ngaphandle kokuma.
Ukukhiqiza
Isikelemu sihlukaniswa njengesinambuzane esibhanqiwe esikwazi ukuzala. Ezinye izinhlobo zizalela kanye ngonyaka, ezinye - izikhathi ezi-1. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sibonakala ngezindiza ezimfushane zabesilisa. Izimo zemvelo zifaka isandla ekuvundiseni kwezinsikazi eziningana ngowesilisa oyedwa.
Izigaba zokukhula kwesikelemu
Ngaphansi kwezimo zokwenziwa, izinambuzane zifakwa esikhwameni esihlukile futhi zishiywe izinsuku ezingu-3-4 ukuze owesifazane abeke amaqanda. I-clutch eyodwa iqukethe amaqanda angama-300 - 800.
Inombolo nobukhulu buthintwa uhlobo nokuzalanisa komuntu ngamunye. Ukuze izikelemu zichanyuselwe, kudingeka umswakama kanye nezinga lokushisa elingu-23 kuya ku-25 degrees Celsius. Emapulazini kamalibhele, abasebenzi benza izimo kuma-incubator.
Kuphuma isibungu esincane eqandeni ngalinye. Unesifiso sokudla. Ngosuku emva kokuzalwa, angadla ukudla okuphindwe izikhathi ezi-2 kunosuku lwangaphambilini. Ukudla okuningi kunomthelela ekuvuthweni ngokushesha kwesibungu.
Ngosuku lwesihlanu, ukudla kuyamiswa. Kukhona ukufiphala ukukhipha isikhumba sokuqala ngakusasa. Bese udla futhi izinsuku ezi-4. Ngaphambi komjikelezo olandelayo wokubola, iyayeka ukudla. Lezi zenzo ziphindaphindiwe izikhathi ezingu-4.
Ukuphela kwe-molt kusho ukwakheka kwemishini yokukhiqiza imicu. Isigaba esilandelayo yi-cocooning. Isibungu siyayeka ukudla. Kuthululwe intambo encane bese kuqala i-pupation. Azisonge ngayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikhanda lisebenza ngenkuthalo.
I-pupation ithatha izinsuku ezingafika kwezi-4. Isinambuzane sichitha intambo phakathi kuka-0,8 - 1,5 km. Njengoba esebumbe umfece, uyazumeka. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-3, i-chrysalis iphenduka uvemvane futhi ingaphuma ku-cocoon.
Mayelana nalokhu, umjikelezo wokuphila uyaphazamiseka phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kuze kufike ku-100 degrees. Izibungu ziyafa, kodwa imifece ihlala injalo.
Abantu ngabanye bashiywa bephila ukuze baqhubeke nokuzala. Izakhamizi zaseKorea naseChina zidla izibungu ezifile ngemva kokuqaqa.
izitha zemvelo
Endle, isinambuzane siwukudla kwalokhu:
- izinyoni;
- izilwane ezibulala izinambuzane;
- izinambuzane ze-parasite.
Izinambuzane nezinyoni zidla abantu abadala namacimbi. Ayingozi kakhulu ama-tahini nama-urchin.. I-hedgehog izalela amaqanda ayo ngaphakathi noma phezu kwesikelemu. Kuvela izibungu eziyingozi ezibulala usilika. Umuntu osulelekile unikeza inzalo evele igula.
Isifo sikaPebrin siyingozi enkulu. Kubangelwa ama-microorganisms we-pathogenic. Kodwa abafuyi besimanje bezibungu zikasilika bayakwazi ukubhekana naleli gciwane.
Amaqiniso anentshisekelo
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-chrysalis efile ingumkhiqizo obalulekile ongadliwa. Intambo kasilika yemvelo ihlukaniswa njengomkhiqizo wamaprotheni. Ingancibilika ngezihlanzi zamakhemikhali ezinolaka. Lokhu kuyabhekwa uma unakekela umkhiqizo kasilika.
Amandla angavamile emicu afaneleka ngisho nasekukhiqizeni izikhali zomzimba.
Emvelweni, izinambuzane zilwa zodwa nezitha. Badla isitshalo esiqukethe ama-alkaloid anobuthi. I-Alkaloids iyakwazi ukubhubhisa izibungu ze-parasite.
isiphetho
Usilika uyinto elula futhi enhle kakhulu yokuthunga izinto nezindwangu. Ukutshalwa kwemibungu kasilika kubaluleke kakhulu emnothweni wamazwe amaningi mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwendwangu ebalulekile kwamanye amazwe.
Ngaphambilini