I-Woodlice: izithombe zama-crustaceans nezici zomsebenzi wabo obalulekile
Kokubili emadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemaphandleni, abantu bahlale behlangana nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Kungaba izidalwa ezingenabungozi ngokuphelele, noma izinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu. Kuyinombolo "yomakhelwane" abayingozi ukuthi kuyisiko ukufaka izintwala zezinkuni.
Okuqukethwe
I-Woodlice: isithombe
Incazelo yenkathazo
Igama: Izinkuni
Isi-Latin: I-OniscideaIbanga: I-crayfish ephakeme - i-Malacostraca
Isigcawu: Ama-equopods - Isopoda
 | Izindawo zokuhlala: | enomswakama ophezulu |
 | Ukunikezwa kwamandla: | ama-scavenger |
 | Izindlela zokubhubhisa: | amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene |
Eqinisweni, umbono wokuthi izintwala zokhuni ziyizinambuzane unephutha. Lezi zilwane ezincane ziyingxenye ye-suborder ye-crustaceans futhi zibhekwa njengomunye wabameleli bazo abathuthuke kakhulu.
Zibukeka kanjani izintwala zezinkuni
I-Woodlice: isakhiwo.
Iningi lezintwala zokhuni zincane ngosayizi kanti ubude bemizimba yazo busuka ku-1 kuye ku-2,5 cm. Umbala walezi zidalwa ugcwele imithunzi empunga nensundu. Umzimba we-woodlice une-oval, umumo oyisicaba kancane futhi umbozwe ngegobolondo eli-arched chitinous, elihlukaniswe izingxenye ezihambayo.
Izilwane zinamapheya amabili ezimpondo, eyodwa yazo ethuthuke kangcono kunenye. Izitho zombono we-woodlice zitholakala ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Imihlathi yala ma-crustaceans yakhelwe kuphela ukudla okuthambile, kanti ingaphezulu alinawo amathente.
I-Woodlice inamapheya angu-7 ezitho zesifuba. Zonke izitho zinesakhiwo esifanayo futhi zisetshenziselwa ukuhamba.
Ziphefumula kanjani izintwala zokhuni
Izinkuni ezitshalweni.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zama-crustaceans, izintwala zokhuni ziye zajwayela ukuphila emhlabeni. Ukuphefumula kwalezi zilwane kwenziwa ngosizo lwama-gill, atholakala emgodini wamagatsha angaphakathi emilenze ye-pectoral.
I-Woodlice ithola umoya-mpilo kumswakama omboze amathumbu. Yingakho behlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo ziye zafunda ngisho nokuphefumula umoya-mpilo ovamile womkhathi.
Indlela yokuphila ye-Woodlice nendawo yokuhlala
Ungazitholaphi izintwala zezinkuni
Ama-Woodlice asebenza ebusuku kuphela ngakho-ke kunzima ukuhlangana nawo emini. Emini, izilwane zicasha ezindaweni zokukhosela ezizivikela ngokuthembekile ekukhanyeni kwelanga okuyingozi kuzo. Ngemva kokuzinza eduze komuntu, izintwala zokhuni nazo zikhetha indawo ethembekile yokuhlala.
Endle, izintwala zokhuni zingatholakala:
- ngaphansi kwamatshe;
- ngaphakathi iziphunzi ezindala, ezibolile;
- emaqabunga awile;
- ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezibolile ezilele phansi.
Mayelana nabantu:
- ama-greenhouses nama-cellars;
- imifantu ezindongeni;
- izikhala ngemuva kwamabhodi e-skirting;
- izindonga zendle.
Zidlani izintwala zezinkuni
Njengamanye amalungu e-crustacean suborder, ama-woodlice angama-scavengers. Emvelweni, ukudla kwabo ikakhulukazi kuqukethe amaqabunga abolayo, amahlumela amasha nama-rhizomes. Kwesinye isikhathi izingxenye ezinempilo zezitshalo nazo zingavela kumenyu yazo.
Izinkuni esitshalweni.
UWoodlice, owahlala ezindaweni zokuhlala, azivumelanisa kalula futhi azondle kukho konke abakutholayo. Ekudleni kwezintwala "zasekhaya" zingase zibe khona:
- izinsalela zokudla ezincane;
- izinsalela zephepha lasendlini yangasese;
- isikhunta kanye nesikhunta esakhiwe ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene;
- insipho scum.
Izici zokukhiqizwa kwezintwala zezinkuni
Mokritsa kanye nenzalo.
Ukuzalanisa kula ma-crustaceans amancane kwenzeka ngendlela ethakazelisa kakhulu. Okokuqala, ukuhlangana kwenzeka futhi amasende owesifazane agcwele isidoda. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, i-molts yesifazane, futhi umzimba wayo uguqulwa kancane.
Ngemva kokuhlelwa kabusha okunjalo komzimba, ingxenye eyodwa yembewu ivundisa amaqanda, kuyilapho enye iqhubeka igcinwa kumasende. Lapho amaqanda okuqala avundisiwe ebekela futhi achanyuselwa, imbewu esele ivundisa inqwaba entsha. Kuvela ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa okukodwa kukuvumela ukuthi uthole ama-broods amabili wezintwala zokhuni ezincane.
Indawo yokuhlala yezintwala zezinkuni
Lapho ukhetha indawo yokuhlala, izintwala zokhuni zithanda indawo efudumele futhi enomswakama. Azitholakali kuphela eduze nezindawo zamanzi, kodwa nasezindaweni eziwugwadule noma eziwugwadule. Indawo yokuhlala yala ma-crustaceans ifinyelela cishe emhlabeni wonke, kodwa ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu kubonakala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama.
Ezindaweni ezipholile, izintwala zokhuni zivame ukuhlala eduze kwabantu. Lawa ma-crustaceans amancane angatholakala ezindaweni ezifana nalezi:
- izindlu zokugcina izithombo;
- izindlu zokugcina izithombo;
- amagumbi angaphansi;
- ama-cellars;
- izindlu zangasese;
- ingaphakathi leziphunzi ezindala;
- eduze kwemigodi kadoti kanye ne-compost evulekile;
- ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile noma izinqwaba zeziqongo ezibolayo;
- ngaphansi kwezingodo namabhodi abolile.
Imuphi umonakalo ongenziwa izintwala zokhuni
Inani elincane lalawa ma-crustaceans alikwazi ukulimaza kakhulu abantu. Kodwa, uma ikoloni elikhulu lezintwala zezinkuni lihlala eduze, kungase kuphakame izinkinga ezilandelayo:
- ukuqiniswa kwenhlabathi kanye nokwephulwa kokujikeleza komoya ohlelweni lwezimpande zezitshalo;
- ukulimala kwezithombo ezincane;
- ukutheleleka kwezitshalo ngezifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nesikhunta;
- ukonakala kanye nokungcoliswa kwezitoko zokudla;
- ukulimala kwezindonga nophahla endlini.
Naphezu kokulimala okungenzeka, izintwala zokhuni nazo zingaba yinzuzo. Phakathi nomsebenzi wabo wokuphila, zicebisa umhlabathi ngezinto eziwusizo futhi ziwenze uvunde kakhudlwana.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezintwala zezinkuni
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezintwala zokhuni zinkulu impela. Kukhona ngisho nezinhlobo ezinkulu zasolwandle, ubude bomzimba obufinyelela ku-30-50 cm. Izinhlobo ezintathu ezivame kakhulu zingatholakala endaweni yaseRussia.
Ngobuningi, izintwala zokhuni zizoletha ukungakhululeki futhi zilimaze izimbali zasendlini. Ngabo kuyadingeka ukulwa ngezindlela ezikhona!
isiphetho
I-Woodlice ayiyona ukubukeka okumnandi kakhulu, futhi amakoloni awo amaningi angabangela umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni ezitshaliwe. Kodwa-ke, lawa ma-crustaceans awabhekwa njengezinambuzane zangempela futhi isizathu sokuzala kwawo ngobuningi ezindaweni ezithile, ngokuvamile imikhuba yezolimo engafanele kanye nokungalandeli izindinganiso ezijwayelekile zokuhlanzeka.
Ngaphambilini