Tomato moth: isilokazane esingacekela phansi isivuno

Inkathazo ezitshalweni ze-nightshade, ikakhulukazi, utamatisi, ibhu likatamatisi lezimayini, elaziwa abalimi abaningi be-Tuta absolute. Uma ungalwi, kungabhubhisa sonke isitshalo ngesikhathi esifushane.

Libukeka kanjani inundu likatamatisi (isithombe)

Ukubukeka nendlela yokuphila

Ibhu le-tomato miner parasitizes kutamatisi nezinye izitshalo ze-nightshade (ama-eggplant, upelepele, amazambane). Lolu hlobo lwezinambuzane luye lwangena kwamanye amazwekazi namazwe: eRussia - lutholakala e-Adyghe Republic, eBashkiria, eKrasnodar Territory, eYurophu - e-Italy, eFrance, eSpain.

Ngobude, isinambuzane esikhulile sisuka ku-5 kuya ku-7 mm, simpunga ngombala. Amaphiko angaphambili anamabala amnyama, amaphiko angemuva anombala ompunga okumnyama namazenga.

Izibungu zebhu likatamatisi, lapho ziqala ukuvela eqandeni, ziphuzi ngombala, ezigabeni ezilandelayo zokukhula zithatha umbala oluhlaza onomugqa omnyama ngemuva kwekhanda, futhi eduze nesiteji se-pupal, igobolondo liba pink.

Izimvemvane zihamba ebusuku, zicasha emaqabunga noma otshanini ekuseni.

Umjikelezo wokuphila nokukhiqiza kabusha

Insikazi evuthiwe ingazalela amaqanda angaba ngu-300. Amaqanda a-oval anombala okhilimu. Ngemva kwesonto, kuvela izibungu kubo.

Ukuze bathuthuke ngokwengeziwe, badinga umsoco, izibungu ziqala ukugoqa ngamaqabunga, iziqu nezithelo ezingavuthiwe. Amabala amnyama ayisici avela emaqabunga.

Isikhathi sokukhula kwezibungu sisuka ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuye kwezingama-36, kuye ngezinga lokushisa elizungezile. Izibungu zebhu likatamatisi zibonisa umsebenzi wazo ezingeni lokushisa lika +9°C. Esigabeni sokugcina sokuthuthuka, izibungu zishiya indawo yazo yokukhosela, zakha i-cocoon futhi ziphenduke zibe yi-chrysalis.

Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-10-12, inqubo yokuguqulwa iyaphela, futhi uvemvane lundiza luphuma ku-cocoon. Isikhathi sokuphila sesinambuzane esikhulile sisuka ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuye kwezingama-25.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezivumayo, izizukulwane ezifika kweziyi-12 zezinambuzane zingazala ngesikhathi sonyaka.

Inundu likatamatisi liletha muphi umonakalo

Izibungu zebhu likatamatisi zidinga imisoco ukuze zidlule kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula, ezizithola kujusi wezitshalo ngokudla amaqabunga, iziqu nezithelo.

Izibungu zilimaza ukwakheka kweqabunga, okuholela ekomisweni kwalo, amaphaseji namabala amnyama kuwo abonakala ngokubonakalayo, kanye nokubambezeleka ekukhuleni kwaso sonke isitshalo. Ezithelweni ezilinyazwe amabhu otamatisi, umnyombo udliwe, okuholela ekulimaleni kwezifo zokukhunta kanye nokubola.

Amacala e-parasitism ezihlahleni ezivuthuluka aphawuliwe. Izimayini zebhu ziyahluma, amaqabunga amancane, amaqabunga.

Izinyathelo zokulawula izinambuzane

Izindlela zokulawula utamatisi zihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana:

1. Amakhemikhali
2. Okwezinto eziphilayo
3. Abantu
4. Imishini
5. Okuvikelayo.

Ongoti bezinto eziphilayo kanye nochwepheshe bezolimo benze iqoqo lezinyathelo zokulwa nebhu lezimayini likatamatisi. Lokhu ukutholwa ngesikhathi kwezinambuzane nokulawula inombolo.

Sebenzisa iglue kanye nezicupho ze-pheromone. Baphinde bahlanze futhi bacekele phansi izitshalo ezithelelekile, bashintshe izindawo zokutshala futhi benze ukulima ekwindla.

Ebusika, izindawo zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo zipholile phansi, lolu hlobo lwebhu alunayo i-diapause futhi alumelani nokubanda nesithwathwa, izibungu ezicashe emhlabathini ziyafa.

Izindlela zamakhemikhali

Ikhono lezibungu lokungena lijule emaqabunga neziqu lifaka inkimbinkimbi ukulwa nazo. Ngakho-ke, ama-ejenti asetshenziswa angangena esitshalweni. Lokhu kubandakanya:

Kunconywa ukucubungula kusihlwa, lapho izinambuzane zingasebenzi kancane. Ukufafaza kwenziwa okungenani izikhathi eziyisi-6, kubhekwa izikhawu zezinsuku ezingama-3-4. Uma isayithi lihlaselwe kakhulu, kunconywa ukuphatha inhlabathi ngesisombululo samanzi samalungiselelo aqukethe ipyrethrum.

Njengoba ama-insecticide anobuthi, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho usebenza nazo, sebenzisa amagilavu ​​​​nemaski.

Amakhambi abantu

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kubhekwa njengobudlova futhi kwenziwa ezimweni zokutheleleka okunzima kwezitshalo. Okokuqala, kunconywa ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zabantu zomzabalazo.

Zihlanganisa:

1. Ukulenga esizeni kubamba ngongqimba olunamathelayo lombala ophuzi ogqamile oheha izinambuzane.
2. Ukunisela izihlahla ngamanzi avela ku-hose. Indiza yamanzi iwisa izimvemvane zesifazane futhi ayizivumeli ukuba zizalele amaqanda.
3. Ukuqoqwa nokucekelwa phansi kwamaqabunga nezithelo ezinegciwane.
4. Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwezitshalo, ukuqoqwa kwezandla, ukucekelwa phansi kwezibungu.
   

   Ukulimala kwebhu kutamatisi.

5. Ukufafaza izihlahla nge-extract ye-neem, equkethe i-azardiractin, esebenza ezibungwini.
6. Ukwelashwa kwezihlahla nge-mustard namafutha e-rapeseed. Le ndlela ithinta kabi uhlelo lokuphefumula lwezibungu, zizizwa zingakhululekile, futhi zishiya isitshalo.
7. I-Orange zest kanye namafutha abalulekile, ama-sprigs we-lavender kanye ne-mint asetshenziswa njengezinto zokuxosha (kunconywa ukutshala izihlahla zalezi zitshalo phakathi kwemibhede yamatamatisi).

Izindlela zebhayoloji zomzabalazo

Njengamalungiselelo ebhayoloji, kusetshenziswa ukwakheka kwebhaktheriya ye-Bacillus thuringiensis kanye ne-fungus i-Metarhizium anisopliae, ecekela phansi umgudu wokugaya ukudla wezibungu nezimvemvane futhi ibangele ukufa.

Okunye okubalulekile yizindlela zokulawula njengezicupho ze-pheromone zezinambuzane ezindala kanye nokukhangwa kwezinto eziphilayo - izitha zemvelo zebhu likatamatisi.

Izicupho zinganciphisa inani labantu, kodwa zingaqedi ngokuphelele izinambuzane.

Izinto eziphilayo

Izindlela zemvelo zokubhekana namabhu otamatisi ukuheha ama-entomophages - izinambuzane ezidla izibungu namaqanda azo. Lezi izinhlobo ezimbili zezimbungulu: i-nesidiocoris tenuis ne-macrolophus tais.

Abantu abadala kanye nama-nymphs alesi sinambuzane bayadla futhi bayakwazi ukucekela phansi amaqanda ebhu le-tomato moth yaseNingizimu Melika ngesikhathi esifushane. Kodwa udinga ukuqaphela lapho uzalela leli bhungane ku-greenhouse, uma zingekho izisulu ezanele, zilimaza izitshalo.

Ukuvikelwa kwe-greenhouse

Izindlela zokuvikela ama-greenhouses kumabhu we-tomato zihlanganisa izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukubukeka nokumisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinambuzane. Yenza lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Izitshalo ezibamba ukushisa ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini zigcinwa zodwa okungenani izinsuku eziyi-10.
2. Izithombo ziphathwa ngokufakwa kwe-chamomile noma isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate.
3. Izinambuzane zitshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezidla izibungu namaqanda amabhu otamatisi.
4. Izindawo zokugcina izithombo kanye nenhlabathi ziphathwa ngamakhemikhali anamanzi noma izixazululo zebhayoloji ngokumelene namabhu.
5. Kufakwa inethi elinenetha elihle emafasiteleni okungenisa umoya kanye nasemnyango wendlu ebamba ukushisa ukuze kuvinjelwe izinambuzane ukuba zingangeni ngaphakathi.

Ezimweni zokutheleleka okukhulu, izihlahla ziphathwa ngama-insecticides.

Ukuvimbela ukubonakala

Izindlela zokuvimbela zihlanganisa:

1. Ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela kwezitshalo lapho uthenga esitolo (enye iwukutshala izithombo ngokwakho).
2. Ukulawula njalo amaqabunga nezithelo zokubukeka kwamaqanda nezibungu zebhu futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukuqoqwa nokubhujiswa okubhaliwe.
3. Ukushintsha indawo yokutshala.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela zivimbela inkinga yokubonakala kwezinambuzane zamatamatisi.

isiphetho

Ibhu laseNingizimu Melika likatamatisi lingalimaza kokubili izitshalo nezithelo ezisencane esigabeni sokuvuthwa. Ngakho-ke, kudingekile ukulwa nayo ngesibonakaliso esincane sokutholwa. Uma ulandela izinyathelo zokuvimbela futhi ucekele phansi izibungu kanye nezinambuzane ngokwazo, khona-ke isivuno sizosindiswa.

Ngaphambilini

IbhuI-Naphthalene evela kumabhu: izindlela zokusebenzisa nezidakamizwa ezidumile

Okulandelayo

Ifulethi kanye nendluIbhu: Ukwesaba amakhaza, isithwathwa, noma abantu