I-Periplaneta Americana: Amaphela aseMelika avela e-Afrika eRussia
Amaphela angesinye sezinambuzane ezimbi ezihlala emhlabeni. Zitholakala noma yikuphi lapho kunezinhlelo zendle nokudla. Amaphela azivumelanisa nanoma yiziphi izimo, ikakhulukazi athanda izindawo zokuhlala zabantu, futhi ngenxa yekhono lawo lokundiza, ayazi kahle izindawo ezintsha ngokushesha. Omunye wabameleli balo mndeni yi-cockroach yaseMelika, ehlala ezilwaneni zasendle nasezakhiwo.
Okuqukethwe
Libukeka kanjani iphela laseMelika: isithombe
Incazelo yephela laseMelika
Igama: i-American cockroach
Isi-Latin: I-Periplaneta americanaIbanga: Izinambuzane - Insecta
Isigcawu: Amaphela - Blattodea
 | Izindawo zokuhlala: | kuphi ukudla |
 | Kuyingozi ku-: | amasheya, imikhiqizo, isikhumba |
 | Isimo sengqondo ngabantu: | ukuluma, kungcolisa ukudla |
I-cockroach yaseMelika: isithombe.
Ubude bomzimba wephela elikhulile bungasuka ku-35 mm ukuya ku-50 mm. Amaphiko azo athuthuke kahle futhi angakwazi ukundiza. Amaduna makhudlwana kunezinsikazi ngenxa yokuthi amaphiko azo adlulela ngaphesheya komkhawulo wesisu. Zinombala onsundu ngokubomvu noma ushokoledi, ziyacwebezela, ezinomugqa onsundu ngokukhanyayo noma ophuzi ku-pronotum.
Phezulu kwesisu, amaphela anepheya ye-cerci exhunyiwe, abesilisa banelinye ipheya lama-appendages (ama-styluses), kanti i-ootheca yesifazane ine-capsule yeqanda lesikhumba. Izibungu ze-cockroach zihluke kubantu abadala ngokungabi khona kwamaphiko nezitho zokuzala. Izingane zimhlophe, ziba mnyama njengoba zi-molt.
Banda ngokushesha okukhulu futhi banqobe izindawo ezintsha, kungenzeka ukuthi maduze bazoba yinkinga enkulu.
Ukukhiqiza
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zamaphela zizalana ngokuhlangana, kodwa kwezinye izinhlobo zamaphela emzimbeni wabantu abadala, amaqanda angavuthwa ngaphandle kokuvundiswa. Iphela laseMelika liyakwazi ukuzala ngendlela eyodwa noma enye.
I-clutch eyodwa noma i-ootheca ingaqukatha amaqanda ayi-12 kuye kwayi-16. Isonto lonke, insikazi ingabeka ama-clutch angu-1-2.
Izibungu ezivela emaqandeni zivela ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-20, zibizwa nangokuthi ama-nymphs. Eyensikazi iwabeka endaweni ethokomele, iwanamathisele kokuphuma emlonyeni wayo. Kuhlala kukhona ukudla namanzi eduze.
Ubude bezigaba zokukhula kwephela buncike ezintweni eziningi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo, lesi sikhathi sithatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-600, kodwa singakwazi ukwelula iminyaka emi-4 ngokungabikho kokudla okunomsoco kanye nomswakama ophansi kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi endaweni yokuhlala. I-Nymphs molt kusukela izikhathi ezingu-9 kuya kwezingu-14 futhi ngemva kwe-molt ngayinye yanda ngosayizi futhi iba ngabantu abadala.
Kokubili izibungu kanye nabantu abadala bahlala endaweni eyodwa, futhi emasontweni okuqala okuphila, abesifazane abadala banakekela izibungu. Nakuba lezi zinambuzane cishe azisongelwa, ziphila ngisho nasezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Habitat
Iphela laseMelika eduze.
Ezilwaneni zasendle, amaphela aseMelika ahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo ezinkuni ezibolile, ezihlahleni zesundu. Kwezinye izifunda izindlu zokugcina izithombo, amapayipi okufudumeza, ukuxhumana nepayipi lendle, imigudu, imigudu yokukhipha amanzi kwaba indawo abayithanda kakhulu yokuhlala.
Ezindlini zabantu, bahlala ezindaweni ezingaphansi, izindlu zangasese, imigudu yokukhipha umoya. Kodwa ngokuvamile bafika lapho ngemva kwemvula noma emakhazeni. Amaphela aseMelika ancamela ukuhlala ndawonye nezikhungo zezentengiselwano. Zivame ukutholakala lapho kulungiselelwa ukudla noma kugcinwa khona. Bancamela ukuhlala e:
- izindawo zokudlela;
- amabhikawozi;
- izinqolobane;
- izitolo zokudla.
Питание
Amaphela aseMelika adla ukudla okusele, imifino nezithelo ezintsha, indwangu, udoti, insipho, izingcezu zesikhumba. Noma iyiphi imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo ingaba ukudla kwabo.
Umdomu olambile uzodla ngisho nendle. Kodwa uma kunokudla okwanele, uzokhetha amaswidi. Ngeke ngiyeke:
- izinhlanzi;
- kwesinkwa;
- izinwele
- izibilini zezilwane;
- izidumbu zezinambuzane;
- izibopho zencwadi;
- izicathulo zesikhumba;
- amaphepha;
- amantongomane;
- igilosa;
- ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo;
- imvuthu;
- amaqabunga;
- amakhowe;
- ukhuni;
- ulwelwe.
Izilwane ezidla inyama azihambi ngaphandle kokudla futhi zingaphila ngaphandle kokudla izinsuku ezingaba ngu-30, ngoba zinamandla okunciphisa umzimba wazo. Kodwa ngaphandle kwamanzi, ziyafa ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
Izici Zokuphila
Abantu baseMelika baqambe lolu hlobo lwamaphela ngokuthi "i-palmetto beetle". Leli gama libangelwa ukuthi zivame ukubonakala ezihlahleni. Bathanda imibhede enelanga nezindawo ezifudumele ezinelanga.
Isici sabo ukuthambekela kokufuduka okusebenzayo. Uma izimo zokuphila zishintsha kakhulu, bayathutha bayofuna elinye ikhaya. Bese bedlula kukho konke - ngamapayipi amanzi kanye nesitamukoko, amagumbi angaphansi kanye namagaraji.
Emini bakhetha ukuphumula, bamatasa ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Ungawathola ezindaweni ezinomswakama, lapho kunokukhanya okuncane. Basabela ngokuqinile ekukhanyeni, uma uqondisa isibani esikhanyayo - bahlakazeka kakhulu.
Izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwamaphela
Amaphela asebenza njengokudla kwezilwane eziningi ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini nezibankwa, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlala ema-zoo. Ziyakwazi ukwanda ngokushesha kakhulu ezimweni ezivumayo, ngakho ziyakhuliswa futhi zisetshenziswe njengokudla kwezinye izilwane.
inani labantu
Iphela laseMelika.
Ngaphandle kwaleli gama, iMelika ayilona izwe lendabuko lalolu hlobo lwamaphela. Uvela e-Afrika, kodwa wahamba ngemikhumbi nezigqila.
Iphela laseMelika libhekwa njengelinye elisakazeke kakhulu emhlabeni. Nomaphi lapho zidlula khona, izindawo nemikhiqizo kungcolile. Lawa ma-scavenger athelela ukudla okuningi kakhulu kunalokho angakudla. Ngaphezu kokubukeka okungajabulisi, zisakazeka ngokushesha nangenkuthalo kangangokuthi zingaba inkinga yangempela yomphakathi.
Indlela yokukhipha amaphela endlini
Amaphela aseMelika anemihlathi eqinile. Kodwa besaba abantu, ngakho abavamile ukuluma. Kunzima ukuqeda lezi zinambuzane, izinyathelo zokulawula ziyi-cardinal.
- Amazinga okushisa aphansi. Ku-0 nangaphansi, azikhuli, kodwa ziwela ezithombeni ezimisiwe. Ebusika, indawo ingaba yiqhwa.
- Chemical izindlela. Zingaba ezahlukene - amakhrayoni, amalungiselelo okuxekethile noma izicupho ezinamathelayo.
- Izinkonzo ezikhethekile. Ukuze kuxoshwe izinambuzane ngezinga elikhulu nasezindaweni zezimboni, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ochwepheshe abaxosha futhi babulale amagciwane endaweni.
isiphetho
Amaphela aseMelika ahlala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, anda ngokushesha futhi angama-omnivores. Abantu bangena kule ndlu ngamafasitela avuliwe, izicabha, indle nezikhala zokungena komoya. Imboni yesimanje ikhiqiza izindlela eziningi eziphumelelayo zokulwa nalezi zinambuzane eziyingozi. Wonke umuntu anganquma ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokusebenzisa ukwenza amaphela anyamalale ekhaya.
Ngaphambilini