Isakhiwo esimangalisayo se-cockroach: izici zangaphandle kanye nemisebenzi yezitho zangaphakathi

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Abantu bavame ukuhlangana namaphela futhi bazi kahle ukuthi abukeka kanjani ngaphandle. Kodwa, bambalwa abantu abacabanga ukuthi inkimbinkimbi yento ephilayo yalezi zinambuzane ihlelwe ngaphakathi. Kodwa amaphela anento angawamangazayo.

Abukeka kanjani amaphela

Ukuhleleka kwamaphela kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-7500 ezaziwayo. Lezi zinambuzane zingatholakala cishe emhlabeni wonke futhi ukubukeka kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kungahluka kakhulu.

Umehluko oyinhloko we-interspecies ubukhulu bomzimba nombala.

Ubude bomzimba wommeleli omncane we-oda bungaba ngu-1,5 cm, kanti omkhulu kunabo bonke bungaphezu kuka-10 cm. Ngokuqondene nombala, kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane, bungahluka kusuka kumbala obomvu noma obomvu kuya kumnyama.

Kunamaphela nezici ezivamile ezitholakala kuwo wonke amalungu eqembu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuma komzimba, okuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni, kuzoba flat kanye ne-oval. Esinye isici sawo wonke amaphela ukunamathela okuqinile kwe-chitinous yawo wonke umzimba nezitho.

Amaphela: isithombe.

Unjani umzimba wephela

Imizimba yawo wonke amaphela ihlelwe cishe ngendlela efanayo futhi iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: ikhanda, isifuba nesisu.

ikhanda lephela

Amalungu amaningi omndeni wamaphela anekhanda elikhulu, eliyisiyingi noma elingunxantathu. Ikhanda litholakala nge-perpendicular kuwo wonke umzimba futhi limbozwe ingxenye kusuka phezulu uhlobo lwesihlangu se-prothorax. Ekhanda lesinambuzane, ungabona amehlo, izimpondo kanye nemishini yomlomo.

Amehlo
Amaphela anamehlo amabili ayinkimbinkimbi, anobuso atholakala ngenhla kwezimpondo, ezinhlangothini ezihlukene zekhanda. Kukhona namehlo amabili alula engxenyeni engenhla yekhanda, angathuthuki kahle kakhulu cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane. Izitho zombono we-cockroach azimvumeli ukuba ahlukanise imininingwane yezinto, kodwa uqondiswe kahle ukukhanya okukhanyayo, futhi isinambuzane sibona izikhathi ezi-5 kangcono kunomuntu. Ngenxa yaleli khono, amaphela kunzima kakhulu ukubamba.
amathenda
Amaphela avame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ama-whiskered" futhi lokhu kuyafaneleka. Le ngxenye yomzimba ithuthukiswe kahle kuzo futhi isetshenziswa njengohlobo lwesithombe esishisayo, kanye nezitho zokuthinta nokuhogela. Izimpondo zephela zinde kakhulu futhi ubuso bazo bumbozwe inani elikhulu lama-bristles aqinile.

amathuluzi omlomo

Ukudla okudliwa yiphela kuqinile kakhulu, ngakho izitho zomlomo walo zinamandla futhi ziwuhlobo oluququdayo. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zemishini yomlomo yilezi:

  1. Imvu. Lona udebe olungenhla, indawo engaphakathi embozwe ngama-receptors amaningi akhethekile futhi isiza i-cockroach ukuthi inqume ukwakheka kokudla.
    Ukwakheka kwephela.

    Ukwakheka komlomo wephela.

  2. Ama-Mandibles. Leli igama lemihlathi engezansi yesinambuzane. Basiza iphela lilungise kahle ucezu lokudla ngaphambi kokuba liqhubeke likudle.
  3. UMaxilli. Le ngxenye yomshini womlomo ibizwa ngokuthi umhlathi ongenhla. Njengemihlathi engezansi, ama-maxillae ayizitho ezibhanqiwe. Banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlephula nokuhlafuna ukudla.
  4. I-Labium. Le ngxenye yomzimba ibizwa nangokuthi udebe olungezansi. Inhloso yawo ukuvikela ukudla ukuthi kungaphumi emlonyeni. Futhi, i-labium yamaphela ifakwe ama-receptors awasiza ekutholeni ukudla.
  5. Indlala yamathe. Isiza iphela lithambe futhi ligaye ukudla elikutholayo.

isakhiwo somzimba

Umnyango weThiracic
Isifunda sesifuba samaphela sihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu: i-pronotum, i-mesoscutum, ne-metanotum. Ingxenye yokuqala inkulu futhi ibaluleke kakhulu. Ku-pronotum lapho amaphiko kanye ne-elytra eqinile yesinambuzane kunamathele. Futhi, izitho zalo zinamathele esifubeni sephela. Ingxenye ngayinye yesifunda se-thoracic inemilenze ehambisanayo: yangaphambili, ephakathi, nangemuva.
isisu sephela
Le ngxenye yomzimba wephela inkulu futhi cishe njalo inesimo esisaqanda. Uma ubheka eduze, ungabona ukuthi isisu sihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-tergites. Ekupheleni kwesisu kune-anus, kanti kwabesifazane kukhona ne-ootheca yokugcina amaqanda. Ubukhulu besisu umehluko omkhulu wangaphandle phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa. Futhi ngaphakathi kule ngxenye yomzimba, kunezitho eziningi ezibalulekile zesinambuzane.

imilenze yephela

Njengezinye izinambuzane, iphela linamapheya ama-3 emilenze. Umbhangqwana ngamunye unamathele kwesinye sezingxenye ze-thoracic futhi wenza umsebenzi othize.

Ipheya yangaphambiliInamathiselwe ku-pronotum yesinambuzane futhi isisize ukuthi ime kungazelelwe ngemva kokugijima ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela yenze umsebenzi webhuleki.
Ipheya eliphakathiInamathiselwe ku-mesonotum futhi inikeza iphela amandla amahle kakhulu ngenxa yokuhamba kahle.
i-back pairNgakho-ke, ixhunywe ku-metanotum futhi idlala indima enkulu ekuhambeni kwe-cockroach, njengoba "iphusha" isinambuzane phambili.
Ikhono lokuhamba uqondeEzidlalweni zamaphela kukhona amaphedi nezizipho ezikhethekile, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba bahambe eduze kwezindonga.
AmandlaIzitho zenambuzane zinamandla kangangokuthi zingafinyelela isivinini esingafika ku-3-4 km / h. Lokhu kwenza iphela licishe lifane nengulule emhlabeni wezinambuzane.
izinweleUma ubheka imilenze yephela eduze, ungabona ukuthi ihlanganiswe nezinwele eziningi ezincane. Asebenza njengezinzwa zokuthinta futhi asabela ekudlidlizeni okuncane noma ukuguquguquka okusemoyeni. Ngenxa yalokhu kuzwela, iphela lihlala licishe lingabonakali kubantu.

amaphiko amaphela

Cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamaphela, amaphiko athuthuke kahle kakhulu. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, bambalwa kuphela abazisebenzisayo ukuze bandize, njengoba umzimba walezi zinambuzane unzima kakhulu. Imisebenzi esemqoka eyenziwa ngamaphiko yilena elandelayo:

  • ukusheshisa isinambuzane ngenkathi isebenza;
  • yenza njenge-parachute lapho usuka endaweni ephakeme kakhulu;
    Isakhiwo sangaphandle sephela.

    Amaphiko ephela.

  • esetshenziswa abesilisa ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.

Isakhiwo kanye nenani lamaphiko ephela licishe lifane nalelo labamele i-oda le-Coleoptera:

  • amaphiko amabili amancane aphansi;
  • ipheya eliphezulu elivikelayo le-hard elytra.

Izitho zangaphakathi zephela

Amaphela abhekwa njengesinye sezidalwa eziqine kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi abanye abantu bangaphila isikhathi esithile ngaphandle kwekhanda. Nokho, ukwakheka kwemizimba yazo ngaphakathi kufakazela ukuthi azihlukile kwezinye izinambuzane.

Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla

Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla kwephela luqukethe lezi zitho ezilandelayo:

  • umphimbo;
  • i-goiter;
  • isisu noma isisu;
  • isisu;
  • i-rectum.

Inqubo yokugaya ukudla kwamaphela imi kanje:

  1. Ukudla kuqala kumanziswe futhi kuthambe emlonyeni yindlala yamathe.
  2. Ngemva kokuhamba ngomminzo, ezindongeni lapho amaphela anemimila ekhethekile. Lezi zimila zibuye zigaye ukudla.
  3. Kusuka emthonjeni, ukudla kungena esivunweni. Lesi sitho sinesakhiwo esinemisipha futhi sinomthelela ekugayweni okuphezulu kokudla.
  4. Ngemva kokugaya, ukudla kuthunyelwa phakathi nendawo bese kuba yi-hindgut, ehlala ama-microorganisms amaningi anenzuzo asiza isinambuzane ukuba sibhekane ngisho nama-inorganic compounds.

Uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi

Isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi samaphela asivaliwe, futhi igazi lalezi zinambuzane libizwa ngokuthi i-hemolymph futhi linombala omhlophe. Uketshezi olubalulekile luhamba kancane kakhulu emzimbeni wephela, okuwenza azwele ikakhulukazi ekushintshashintsheni kwezinga lokushisa.

I-Zoology yezilwane ezingenamgogodla. Ukuhlukaniswa kwephela laseMadagascar

Uhlelo lokuphefumula

Ukwakheka kwezitho zesistimu yokuphefumula yamaphela kuhlanganisa:

Ama-spiracles yizikhala ezincane lapho umoya ungena khona emzimbeni wesinambuzane. Emzimbeni we-cockroach kukhona ama-spiracles angu-20, atholakala ezinhlangothini ezahlukene zesisu. Kusuka kuma-spiracles, umoya uthunyelwa kuma-tracheoles, nawo athunyelwa emithini yoqhoqhoqho eminyene. Sekukonke, iphela lineziqu ezi-6 ezinjalo.

Uhlelo Lokukhathazeka

Uhlelo lwezinzwa lwephela lunamaqhuqhuva angu-11 namagatsha amaningi anikeza ukufinyelela kuzo zonke izitho zesinambuzane.

Ekhanda lezinambuzane ezinama-mustachioed kukhona ama-node amabili amakhulu, okuwuhlobo lobuchopho.

Zisiza inqubo yephela futhi ziphendule kumasignali atholwe ngamehlo nezimpondo. Esifubeni kukhona 3 hubs ezinkulu, eyenza izitho zamaphela zisebenze njenge:

Amanye ama-nerve nodes ibekwe emgodini wesisu amaphela futhi anesibopho sokusebenza kwe:

Uhlelo lokuzala

Izitho zokuzala kanye nesistimu yokuzala yamaphela iyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, iyakwazi ukukhiqiza ngesivinini esimangalisayo.

Isistimu yokuzala yabesilisa ihlanganisa:

Izitho zokuzala zabesifazane zihlanganisa:

Amaphela abesilisa abonakala ngokwakheka kwe-spermatophore, esebenza njenge-capsule yokuvikela imbewu. Lapho kuhlangana, imbewu ikhishwa esibelethweni bese ifakwa esithweni sangasese sowesifazane ukuze ivundise amaqanda. Ngemva kokuba amaqanda evundisiwe, kwakheka i-ootheca esiswini sowesifazane - i-capsule ekhethekile lapho amaqanda agcinwa khona aze abekwe.

isiphetho

Umhlaba osizungezile uyindawo emangalisayo lapho izinto eziningi zimangaza nje. Wonke umuntu ophilayo uhlukile ngendlela yawo. Abantu abaningi abaziqakathekisi kakhulu izinambuzane, kuhlanganise namaphela - ziyizinambuzane ezihlala endaweni. Kodwa, ngisho nasekudalweni kwezidalwa ezincane ezinjalo, imvelo kwadingeka isebenze kanzima.

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