Ibhungane elibhukudayo lidlani: inyoni yasemanzini eyingozi
Uma ukhuluma ngamabhungane, kukhumbula izinambuzane ezinhle ezidla umpe wezimbali noma i-Colorado potato beetle ezidla amaqabunga ezihlahleni zamazambane. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlukahluka kwe-oda le-Coleoptera kukhulu kangangokuthi izidalwa eziningi eziyingqayizivele nezimangalisayo zingatholakala phakathi kwazo. Enye yalezi ngababhukudi - amabhungane adlayo ahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Okuqukethwe
Indlela ababhukudi ababukeka ngayo: isithombe
Obani ababhukuda amabhungane
Igama: Ababhukudi
Isi-Latin: I-DysidaeIbanga: Izinambuzane - isinambuzane
Isigcawu: I-Coleoptera - i-Coleoptera
 | Izindawo zokuhlala: | amanzi amile, amaxhaphozi |
 | Kuyingozi ku-: | ama-crustaceans amancane, gazinga |
 | Izindlela zokubhubhisa: | imindeni eminingi idinga ukuvikelwa |
Ababhukudi bawumndeni omkhulu Zhukovezihlala emanzini ahlukahlukene. Bangaphezu kuka-4000 abameleli abahlukene balo mndeni emhlabeni, futhi cishe izinhlobo ezingama-300 zababhukudi zatholakala endaweni yaseRussia.
Ukubukeka kanye nesakhiwo sababhukudi
| isimo somzimba | Ababhukudi bazivumelanisa kahle kakhulu nokuphila ngaphansi kwamanzi. Umzimba wabo unomumo oyisicaba, ohlelekile futhi ebusweni bawo cishe akukho micu noma ama-bristles, okwandisa kakhulu isivinini sokunyakaza kwawo kukholomu yamanzi. |
| Ubude nombala | Ubude bomzimba wababhukudi abadala bezinhlobo ezahlukene bungasukela ku-1 kuye ku-50 mm. Umbala womzimba cishe uhlala ufana futhi ungahluka kusuka kokubomvu-nsundu kuye kokumnyama. Kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, izindawo ezicashile kanye nemivimbo kungase kube khona ngombala, kanye ne-bronze sheen yomzimba ongaphezulu. |
| Amehlo nezindevu | Amehlo ababhukudi atholakala emaphethelweni ekhanda. Kwamanye amalungu omndeni, izitho zombono azithuthuki kahle kakhulu noma ziyancishiswa. Izimpondo zalesi sinambuzane ziyi-filiform, zinezigaba ezingu-11 futhi zitholakala ngaphezu kwamehlo. |
| amathuluzi omlomo | Njengoba ababhukudi beyizilwane ezidla ezinye, izingxenye zomlomo zabo zijwayele ukudla ukudla kwezilwane. I-mandibles ye-beetle ayinkulu ngobude, kodwa inamandla futhi inamandla ngokwanele, okubavumela ukuba babhekane kalula nokuthosa, ama-tadpoles nezinye izakhamuzi ezincane zamadamu. |
| Izimbotshana | Imilenze engaphambili naphakathi yemilenze yombhukudi mifushane futhi ayijwayele ukubhukuda. Izitho ezibhukudayo ezingemuva zinesibopho sokuhamba ngaphansi kwamanzi. I-femurs kanye ne-tibiae yale milenze ende futhi iphansi kakhulu. Abuye abe nezinwele ezikhethekile ezisiza isinambuzane ukuba sigwedle ngaphansi kwamanzi. |
| Amaphiko | Naphezu kwendlela yokuphila engaphansi kwamanzi, ababhukudi abaningi banamaphiko akhule kahle, futhi bawasebenzisa ngisho nasezindizeni. Leli khono lisiza izinambuzane ukuhamba phakathi kwemithombo yamanzi ehlukene. Kuphela enanini elincane lezinhlobo, amaphiko ezindizayo ayancipha. |
Umehluko phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane
Ipheya lababhukudi.
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zababhukudi, i-dimorphism yobulili ivezwa kahle. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane ukuba khona kwama-suckers akhethekile emilenzeni yangaphambili yabesilisa. Amasucker angahluka kakhulu ngokuma nobukhulu, kodwa inhloso yalesi sitho ihlale ifana - ukubamba insikazi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Kwezinye izinhlobo zababhukudi, kungase kube nomunye umehluko phakathi kwabantu bobulili obuhlukile:
- ukuba khona kwe-stridulatory apparatus kwabesilisa;
- izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-anal sternum;
- i-microsculpture eqinile ku-pronotum ne-elytra yabesifazane;
- ukuba khona kwe-sheen ecwebezelayo emzimbeni wesilisa;
- umbala ohlukile we-elytra kwabesilisa nabesifazane.
Indlela yokuphila yababhukudi
Cishe kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula, ababhukudi bahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi, ngaphandle kweziphungumangathi. Lezi zinambuzane zizizwa zikhulu emanzini ahlukahlukene futhi zifunde hhayi kuphela ukusinda ezimweni ezinjalo, kodwa futhi nokuzingela ngenkuthalo izakhamuzi ezibuthakathaka "zombuso ongaphansi kwamanzi".
Ababhukudi abazi ukuthi bangawuthola kanjani umoya-mpilo emanzini, kodwa bangakwazi ukuthwala izinqolobane zawo ngaphansi kwe-elytra yabo.
I-spiracles yababhukudi itholakala engxenyeni engenhla yesisu, okwenza kube lula ngabo ukuthi bangene emoyeni ngaphandle kokuntanta ngokuphelele phezulu. Ukuze uphefumule futhi ugcwalise izimpahla, kwanele ukuthi umbhukudi abeke ukuphela kwesisu ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi esifushane.
Abantu abadala kanye nezibungu zababhukudi ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye futhi ziziqhayisa ngokudla okuhle kakhulu. Ukudla kwabo kuhlanganisa izakhamuzi ezincane zamanzi:
- izibungu zikajekamanzi;
- izimbungulu zombhede;
- ama-crustaceans;
- izikelemu;
- igobolondo;
- tadpoles;
- amaxoxo;
- inhlanzi caviar.
Ababhukudi ngokwabo bangaba futhi isidlo sakusihlwa sothile. Phakathi kwezilwane ezidla la mabhungane kubalwa:
- izinhlanzi;
- izinyoni zamanzi;
- izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.
Ababhukudi abanolaka.
Indawo ye-Diving
Abameleli bomndeni wokubhukuda batholakala cishe emhlabeni wonke, futhi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 ezitholakala e-Australia. Amabhungane angaphila ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zamanzi, njengalezi:
- imifula;
- amachibi;
- iziphethu;
- amanani;
- imifudlana;
- amachibi okwenziwa;
- amaxhaphozi;
- imisele yokunisela;
- amachibi omthombo.
Ababhukudi bakhetha amanzi amile noma ageleza kancane, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zizizwa kahle ngisho nasemifuleni esheshayo, esezintabeni.
Inani lababhukudi emvelweni
Amalungu omkhaya wokubhukuda angaba yinzuzo futhi abe yingozi. Isibonelo, ukudla kwezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu kuqukethe izinhlanzi ezincane kanye gazinga. Uma kwenzeka ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwenani lezinambuzane ezidla ezinye, inani lezinhlanzi eziningi lingase lisongelwa.
Ngokuqondene nezinzuzo, kunezinhlobo eziningana zababhukudi abadla kakhulu izibungu zezinambuzane eziyingozi ezinamaphiko amabili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo eziningi ezifakwe ekudleni kwalezi zinambuzane zingabathwali besifo esiyingozi - umalaleveva.
https://youtu.be/LQw_so-V0HM
isiphetho
Ababhukudi bawumndeni oyingqayizivele wamabhungane oye wakwazi ukunqoba hhayi kuphela indawo yomoya, kodwa futhi nomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi. Kwamanye amachibi amancane, la mabhungane akwazi ngisho nokuthatha inqwaba yezilwane ezidla ezinye. Lokhu kuyaphinda kufakazele ukuthi imvelo iyakwazi okuningi.
Ngaphambilini