Amabhungane: yiziphi izinhlobo zalezi zinambuzane (isithombe esinamagama)

Umbhali walesi sihloko

Ukubukwa kwe-2028

7 imiz. ukufunda

Phakathi kwenani elikhulu lezinambuzane, amabhungane noma amabhungane kukhona i-oda elihlukile. Zaqanjwa ngenxa yokuthi i-elytra iqinile noma iyisikhumba, ishintshiwe. Phakathi kwenani elikhulu labameleli kunezinhlobo ezikhanyayo kakhulu, izilwane ezingavamile neziyingozi.

Okuqukethwe

Indlela amabhungane abukeka ngayo: isithombe
Okufanayo Okujwayelekile
izinhlobo zebhungane
Ukuziphatha kwezilwane
Inani lamabhungane emvelweni nakubantu
isiphetho

Indlela amabhungane abukeka ngayo: isithombe

Izinhlobonhlobo zamabhungane.

Okufanayo Okujwayelekile

Igama: Amabhungane noma i-Coleoptera
Isi-Latin: I-Coleoptera
Ibanga: Izinambuzane - Insecta

	Izindawo zokuhlala:	yonke indawo ngaphandle kwezifunda ezibandayo
	Kuyingozi ku-:	kuye ngohlobo
	Izindlela zokubhubhisa:	abantu, amakhemikhali, ukuvimbela

Amabhungane ayithimba lezinambuzane ezine-metamorphosis ephelele. Cishe amathani angu-3 ezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ahlolisisiwe, kodwa inani elikhulu alikaziwa. Zisatshalaliswa yonke indawo, ngaphezu kwe-Antarctica, i-Arctic nezintaba eziphakeme kakhulu. Kodwa izibonelo ezikhanga kakhulu zinganconywa ezindaweni ezishisayo.

izinhlobo zebhungane

Lolu hlelo lwezinambuzane lungolunye lweziningi kakhulu.

amabhungane emhlabathini

Imindeni eminingi yamabhungane amakhulu, iningi lawo eliyizilwane ezidla ezinye. Ngokuvamile awandizi futhi abe nokubukeka okumnyama okungabonakali.

ama-spinner

Lolu uhlobo lwamabhungane asemanzini. Abantu abaningi abajwayele ukubhukuda abadla inyama abahlala emachibini amile. Banomzimba ocwebezelayo kanye nesifiso sokudla esihle kakhulu.

ama-ladybugs

Izinambuzane ezinamabala ezazijwayele kusukela ebuntwaneni ziyizilwane ezidla ukudla okuphawulekayo. Badla ama-aphid, kodwa bacasula abantu ngobisi lwabo olunobuthi.

I-Colorado beetle

Izinambuzane zezitshalo ze-nightshade ezidala umonakalo omkhulu esitshalweni. Zilimaza kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula kwazo. Banonya.

Bronzovki

Amabhungane akhanyayo ane-metallic sheen esiswini nangemuva, avame ukuhlala emakoloni esizeni. Abanasizotha ekudleni, ngokulinganayo badla izimbali nezithelo ngokulinganayo.

Izivunguvungu

Zindlovu. Bangaba ne-proboscis ende nefushane. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, zidla izimbali, amakhambi, izimpande noma ama-buds. Ngokuvamile kuthinta izinkuni ezibolayo.

I-Chafer

Inkathazo esebenzayo embozwe izinwele eziminyene. Yena, futhi ikakhulukazi isibungu sakhe, ngokushesha kakhulu konakalisa izitshalo eziningi. Isibungu esikhulile singadla izimpande zesihlahla ngosuku.

Medvedki

Isakhamuzi esingaphansi komhlaba esibukeka esabisayo kanye nomlingiswa omubi. Udla yonke into ayithola ngaphansi komhlaba, futhi yonakalise izingxenye zezitshalo ezingadliwayo, aziququde endleleni. Izilwane ezinkulu zindiza futhi zitshiyoze kakhulu.

Abaphula umthetho

Umndeni omkhulu onamalungu amakhulu, umbala wawo omangalisayo. Abantu abadala badla ukudla kwezitshalo, kanti izibungu cishe njalo ziyizimuncagazi.

ama-scarabs

Omunye wabameleli abangaqondakali bomndeni, abayingxenye yezinganekwane. Baphila impilo ewusizo, basheshisa inqubo yokubola kwezinto eziphilayo.

ibhaluni

Ngokusho kwegama, abameleli bohlobo bamele ngenxa yamadevu abo. Amanye amakhophi awavamile futhi abiza kakhulu.

Izitsha ezithambile

Zinemilenze emnyama kanye nezimpawu eziwolintshi emizimbeni yazo. Amabhungane akhuthele kakhulu ayizilwane ezidla ezinye, kodwa amanye adla umpe noma impova.

Isakhiwo

Isakhiwo sabo bonke abameleli bebhungane siyafana.

Isakhiwo	I-Morphology
Umzimba	Iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: ikhanda, isifuba nesisu.
Inhloko	Iqukethe i-capsule eyinhloko, izimpondo kanye nomlomo. Ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezibuthakathaka, intamo, i-occiput nomqhele akubonakali kakhulu. Izitho zezinzwa nazo zitholakala: amehlo, izinzipho. Umshini womlomo uququda.
Isifuba	Iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu. I-pronotum ngokuvamile iyinkomba phakathi kwezinhlobo zebhungane. I-Elytra itholakala ku-mesonotum, futhi amaphiko anamathele ku-metanotum.
Izimbotshana	Wonke amabhungane anamapheya amathathu ezitho. Ziyizingxenye ezinhlanu. Kuye ngohlobo lwebhungane, ziguqulwa kancane, ngoba zingakhelwa nje ukuhamba nokugijima, kodwa ukumba noma ukubhukuda.
Amaphiko	Amaphiko angaphambili aqinile, njengegobolondo, kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezishintshiwe futhi zincishiswe ngokuphelele. Amaphiko avamise ukuba made futhi abe banzi kune-elytra, kodwa afihliwe lapho ephumula.
Isisu	Iqukethe amasegimenti ambalwa, angashintshwa kancane. Ekugcineni kukhona izitho zangasese ezihoxiswayo.

Amasayizi nama-shades

Ibhungane lenyamazane.

Amasayizi abameleli ayahluka, futhi ngokuphawulekayo. Izibonelo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zifinyelela ubude obungu-17,1 cm, futhi ngokolwazi olungaqinisekisiwe, uhlobo olulodwa lwe-titan lumberjack, lunobude obungama-210 mm.

Ibhungane elincane elingelona izinambuzane yi-Scydosella musawasensis, ibhungane elitholakala eNingizimu Melika. Ubude bayo buyi-0,352 mm. EYurophu, enkulu kunazo zonke bhungane lendluzele.

Ngokuya ngenani lama-shades nezinhlobonhlobo zamaphethini, amabhungane athatha enye yezindawo zokuqala phakathi kwezinambuzane. Umbala uyamangalisa:

zonke izinhlobo ze-monophonic;
i-metallic luster;
imidwebo ezingxenyeni ezihlukene;

inhlanganisela yama-shades amaningana;
indawo epholile noma emangelengele;
umbala.

I-dimorphism yocansi kanye ne-polymorphism

I-pair of May beetle.

Kuye ngohlobo lwebhungane, kunomehluko ekubukekeni kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunomehluko kokubili ngokwesayizi nangombala. Ezinye izinhlobo zinezimpondo noma ama-tubercles ahlukanisa ubulili besilisa. Ubude bamadevu bungase buhluke.

I-Polymorphism - izinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene zezinhlobo ezifanayo zivela emindenini ehlukene. Kungase kuncike enanini elanele lesisekelo sokudla ohlelweni lokuthuthukiswa noma endaweni yokuhlala.

Intuthuko kanye nomjikelezo wempilo

Abamele i-Coleoptera yi-dioecious oviparous. Badlula ezigabeni ezi-4 zokukhula, izinhlobo ezingavamile ziyahluka kulezi zigaba. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona abantu abazalwa bukhoma.

Amaqanda

Ngokuvamile ukuma okusaqanda noma okuyindilinga, okupendwe ngemibala ekhanyayo noma ekhanyayo. Abekwe ezindaweni ezivikelekile noma emigodini elungiselelwe ngokukhethekile. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane, zingafakwa ngenqwaba noma zizodwa.

Izibungu

Zinezici ezimbalwa kuphela ezivamile: ikhanda eliqinile, umzimba onenyama, nomlomo oququdayo. Kukhona abantu abanemilenze emifushane eqinile noma umzimba omncane, okwazi ukwelula. Abanye bangase babe ngisho nezilwane ezidla ezinye.

Idoli

Okumhlophe, okukhululekile, kuvela emhlabathini noma endaweni yokukhula. Ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa, zonke izitho zivela.

Ukunakekela inzalo

Izibonakalisa ngokulungiselela indawo yokubekela amaqanda kanye nokulungiselela inzalo yesikhathi esizayo ukudla. Abaningi abakwenzi.

Ukuziphatha kwezilwane

I-Coleoptera inezici eziningana zokuziphatha ezibonakala kuphela ngabameleli bezinhlobo zezilwane.

Ikhono le-Acoustic

Amabhungane atshiyoza ngosizo lwethole.

Cishe imindeni engama-20 phakathi kwabo bonke abameleli iyaxhumana kusetshenziswa imisindo. Kukhona i-stridulation apparatus ekhethekile yalokhu. Imisindo ikhiqizwa lapho amabhungane ehambisa i-mesothorax ehlobene ne-prothorax. Ngemisindo:

abameleli bobulili obuhlukene bayahlangana;
xosha izilwane ezidla ezinye;
xwayisa abanye ngosongo.

ukukhanya kwe-bioluminescent

Okhanyikhanyi.

Okhanyikhanyi kanye namabhungane okuchofoza ahlukaniswa amandla azo okukhanya ebumnyameni. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yezitho ezikhethekile zokukhanya esiswini. Kwamanye ama-sternites kukhona izinto ezikhipha i-oxidize futhi zibukeke zikhanya.

Futhi kungenye yezindlela zokuxhumana. Yile ndlela okhanyikhanyi ababiza ngayo abesifazane noma abesilisa. Futhi ezinye zikwenza njengophawu lokukhwelana, futhi ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye zihuga abesilisa ogibeni futhi bazidle.

Ukusabalalisa kanye nendawo yokuhlala

Amabhungane atholakala yonke indawo ngaphandle kwehaba. Izinambuzane azihlali kuphela ezingxenyeni zeqhwa ze-Arctic ne-Antarctic, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezisenyakatho eziye zajwayela kahle indlela yokuphila, zihlezi eduze kwabantu. Bahlala yonke indawo:

ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi;
I phansi;
otshanini;
ngaphansi kwegxolo;

ngokhuni;
emaqabunga;
ezimbalini;
ezithelweni;

ezimpandeni;
emachibini;
izingwadule nezingwadule;
izihlwathi.

Izindlela Zokuvikela

Lezi zinambuzane zinezinguqulo ezahlukene zezindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukuvikela. Phakathi kwazo:

Ukunganyakazi. Izinhlobo eziningi zenza sengathi zifile futhi ziwa zinganyakazi.
ukudlala. Iyagijima, igxuma, ibhukuda noma indize. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zikhetha ukuphunyuka.
Izinsongo. Ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zithatha izimo ezithusayo futhi ziphakamise ama-mandible azo ukwesabisa isitha.
Umsindo. Le ndlela ingasebenza kokubili njengesivikelo ezitheni futhi njengesixwayiso kwabanye.
Amathunzi. Umbala ngokwawo uvame ukufihla, okwenza izilwane zingabonakali.

Ukudla okunomsoco kanye nezitha zemvelo

Izintandokazi zokudla ziyahlukahluka ngezinhlobo. Amabhungane adla cishe noma iyiphi into ephilayo. Kukhona abathandi bezitshalo, ukudla kwezilwane, izinhlamvu zesikhunta, izingxenye ezibolile zokhuni nezinto eziphilayo. Kodwa kukhona abantu abanohlobo oluxubile lokudla okunomsoco.

Phakathi kwezitha zemvelo zamabhungane kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezihlukene - izilwane ezincelisayo, ama-arthropods nabagibeli be-parasitic. Ngokuvamile, amabhungane adliwa:

amagundane;
amagwababa;
izimanga;
izilwane ezincelisayo.

Amabhungane amaningi aba izisulu zabantu. Kodwa ngokuvamile zidla izibungu, ngezinye izikhathi iziphungumangathi.

Inani lamabhungane emvelweni nakubantu

Inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezilwane linikeza indima ebanzi kakhulu ku-ecosystem.

Amabhungane amaningi nezibungu zawo ahileleke kuwo ukwakheka komhlabathi nokucubungula izinkuni. Abanye babo basebenzisa amasampula esihlahla esibuthakathaka, asheshisa inqubo yokubola.
Inani lezomnotho abantu ngabanye bakhulu. Eziningi ziwusizo ekulweni nezinambuzane nokhula. Abanye baze bazethule ngamabomu.
Izinambuzane Ezolimo. Kunenqwaba yalaba abameleli. Bathelela amakhambi, izihlahla, izithelo, amaconifers, amaqabunga kanye nemiqumbe. Bavame ukudla iziqu nezithelo.
Omakhelwane babantu. Izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zikhetha ukuhlala endlini yabantu. Bangakwazi ukudla ngesikhumba, iphepha, igrosa nezithelo ezomisiwe. Ngokuvamile kuthinta izinkuni.
Impilo yomuntu. Izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zikhiqiza indlela yokuzivikela ngendlela ye-geolymph. Emzimbeni womuntu kungabangela ithumba, ukushisa noma ukulunywa, mhlawumbe ukuphazamiseka. Kube nokubonakaliswa kwe-allergies.
izingxenye zamasiko. Abanye abantu babevame ukuhlangana namabhungane ezinganekwaneni nasezimfanekisweni, abanye bethiwa yizinto zemilingo. Babevame ukuhlangana e-cinema nasemaseyili ama-classics.
Amaqoqo. Amaqoqo ayimfihlo angaqongelela abantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Bakhethwa ngemibala noma izinhlobo, ngigxila ku-aesthetics. Kukhona futhi ezesayensi, okuhlanganisa amakhabethe of curiosities.

isiphetho

Amabhungane angomunye wemindeni ekhanyayo futhi emikhulu yezinambuzane. Zihlukahlukene, zinezici zazo zezinhlobo, izintandokazi ekudleni kanye nendlela yokuphila.

Eziningi zazo zinhle, kodwa zikhona nezibonelo ezingacacile. Abanye bahlushwa ukuchayeka kubantu noma kwezinye izilwane futhi baba ingxenye yeqoqo. Kodwa ngamunye wabo uyingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo, enendima yayo.

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