Umkhaza udlani ehlathini: izisulu eziyinhloko kanye nezitha ze-parasite emunca igazi
Lapho imikhaza ihlala khona nokuthi idlani emvelweni kuwumbuzo abantu abafuna ukungalokothi baphambane nawo abafuna ukwazi impendulo yawo. Ngempela, kwabaningi, lapho nje kukhulunywa ngabo, kuphakama abangane abangemnandi. Kodwa kungani zikhona kule planethi. Mhlawumbe izinzuzo zabo azikho ngaphansi kokulimala.
Idlani imikhaza emvelweni
Iningi lezinhlobo zomkhaza zingabadlambi. Bahlala ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi futhi badla izinsalela zezitshalo ezibolayo, ngaleyo ndlela baguqule isakhiwo saso: ukwandisa i-porosity nokusabalalisa ama-microorganisms azuzisayo.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-arthropods zihlukanisa amaminerali ahlukahlukene kuma-cuticles awo, ngaleyo ndlela kwakheka umjikelezo wezakhi zomhlabathi, osetshenziswa ngenkuthalo kwezolimo.
Obani imikhaza
Imikhaza iyisigaba esingaphansi sama-arthropods asuka esigabeni sama-arachnids. Iqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke: okwamanje, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-54 zaziwa. Bafinyelela usuku oluhle kangaka ngenxa yosayizi wabo we-microscopic.
Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ukuthola abameleli baleli klasi mayelana namamilimitha amathathu ngobukhulu. Imikhaza ayinamaphiko noma izitho ezibonakalayo. Emkhathini, zihamba ngosizo lwemishini yezinzwa, futhi zihogela iphunga lempango yazo ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-10.
Isakhiwo somkhaza
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamakhizane
Ngokusho kohlobo lwama-arthropods, ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo eziningana.
| ehlomile | Zidla izitshalo eziphilayo, isikhunta, ulele kanye nenyama efile. Kuyingozi ezinyoni nasezilwaneni, ngoba zingabathwali be-helminths. |
| ixodid | Lolu hlobo lwezilwane luphila ngokujabula ezinkomeni, emahlathini nasezilwaneni ezifuywayo, futhi alubadeleli abantu. |
| Gamazov | Zikhetha izidleke zezinyoni, imigodi yamagundane njengendawo yokuhlala futhi zibulale izakhamuzi zazo. |
| I-Argasovs | Zidla ama-parasitize ezilwaneni ezifuywayo nezinyoni, zithanda amahhoko ezinkukhu. Zivame ukuhlasela abantu. |
| gossamer | Ayinangozi neze kubantu abadla imifino. Imenyu yabo iqukethe amajusi amasha kuphela ezitshalo eziphilayo. |
| Uthuli | Ayinambithisi ezintweni eziphilayo. Idla ngokunqwabelana kwe-fluff, izimpaphe, uthuli. Ingenye yezimbangela zesifuba somoya kubantu. |
| indlebe | Abondli bazo abakhulu izinja namakati. Banikeza ukungakhululeki okuningi ngendlela yokuhlanganisa izindlebe nokuvuvukala. |
| Utwayi | Ukuletha izinkinga eziningi ezilwaneni nakubantu, kubangela utwayi. Zidla uketshezi olungaphansi kwesikhumba, okubangela ukulunywa nokubabomvu. |
| idlelo | Bahlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini nasemaqeleni amahlathi. Ziyingozi ezidalwa eziphilayo, njengoba zingabathwali bezifo eziyingozi. |
| Umdlwembe | Zidla abantu bakubo. |
| I-subcutaneous | Ziphila ezilwaneni nakubantu iminyaka eminingana, zidla amangqamuzana esikhumba afile futhi zibangela ukulunywa nokucasuka okungabekezeleleki. |
| Ezasolwandle | Zihlala emanzini agelezayo noma amile nasolwandle. Ziyi-parasitize ezinambuzaneni zasemanzini nama-molluscs. |
Idlani imikhaza
Ngemva kokuchanyuselwa eqandeni, kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula kwawo, umkhaza udinga igazi. Angaphila ngaphandle kokudla iminyaka embalwa, uma ngemva kwalesi sikhathi engatholi umninikhaya, bese efa.
Izwe lalezi zidalwa lihluke kakhulu, futhi okuthandwayo kokudla kuyamangalisa. Igazi liyisidlo abasithandayo, kodwa hhayi kuphela. Badla cishe yonke into.
Idlani imikhaza ehlathini
Ngokuya ngohlobo lokudla, ama-arachnids ahlukaniswa:
- ama-saprophages. Zidla kuphela izinsalela eziphilayo;
- izilwane ezidla ezinye. Baqeda izitshalo nezinto eziphilayo futhi bamunce igazi kuzo.
Ukhwekhwe nabameleli bensimu balolu hlobo badla izinhlayiya zesikhumba somuntu. Uwoyela wezinwele zezinwele uwukudla okungcono kakhulu kwezibungu ezingaphansi kwesikhumba.
Ukumunca amajusi ezitshalweni, imikhaza idala umonakalo embonini yezolimo. I-Granary idla izinsalela zikafulawa, okusanhlamvu, izitshalo.
Imikhaza izingela kuphi futhi kanjani
Bahlala kuzo zonke izindawo ezinesimo sezulu kanye nakuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kokukhetha.
I-Parasitism
Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane bamunca igazi. Abesilisa banamathela kulowo ohlukunyeziwe isikhathi esifushane. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, bamatasa befuna owesifazane ofanelekayo abangashada naye.
Ezisikazi zingadla kufikela kuzinsuku eziyisikhombisa. Bamunca igazi ngenani elimangalisayo. Insikazi eyondleke kahle idlula isisindo somuntu olambile ngokuphindwe kayikhulu.
I-parasite ikhetha kanjani i-host?
Amakhizane asabela ekudlidlizeni komzimba, ukushisa, umswakama, umoya, nephunga. Kukhona nalabo abaqaphela izithunzi. Abagxumi, abandizi, kodwa bakhasa kancane kakhulu. Kuyo yonke impilo yayo, lolu hlobo lwe-arachnid cishe alukwazi ukukhasa amamitha ayishumi nambili.
Ngokunamathela ezingutsheni, umzimba noma uvolo, bafuna isikhumba esithambile, kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile ukumba ngaso leso sikhathi. Amahlathi aluhlaza, utshani obude - lena yindawo yabo yokuhlala. Athwalwa yizilwane nezinyoni, ngakho labo abasebenza ehlathini noma abafuya imfuyo basengozini enkulu. Zingangeniswa endlini ngezimbali zasendle namagatsha.
Umjikelezo wokuphila komkhaza.
Impilo yamathikhi ihlukene phakathi zibe izigaba ezine:
- amaqanda;
- izibungu;
- ama-nymphs;
- imago.
Ubude besikhathi sokuphila - kufika eminyakeni emi-3. Isigaba ngasinye sidinga umsoco kumsingathi. Kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila, umkhaza ungashintsha izisulu zawo. Ngokuya ngenani labo, ama-bloodsuckers alandelayo:
- Umnikazi oyedwa. Abamele lolu hlobo, kusukela ku-larva, bachitha impilo yabo yonke kumsingathi oyedwa.
- izintambo ezimbili. Kulolu hlobo, i-larva kanye ne-nymph idla kumgcini oyedwa, kuyilapho omdala ebamba owesibili.
- Usokhaya abathathu. I-parasite yalolu hlobo ihlala emvelweni kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula futhi izingela umsingathi omusha.
Ingabe imikhaza idinga amanzi
Ukuze kugcinwe umsebenzi obalulekile, ngaphezu kwegazi, imikhaza idinga amanzi. Ngesikhathi sokulinda isisulu, ulahlekelwa umswakama futhi udinga ukuwugcwalisa. Le nqubo yenzeka ngokuyihwamulisa nge-cuticle evala umzimba kanye nesistimu ye-tracheal, kanye nemikhiqizo yemfucuza ekhishwa emzimbeni.
Inani elincane kuphela lezinhlobo eziphuza amanzi ngomqondo wethu ojwayelekile. Iningi limunca umhwamuko wamanzi. Le nqubo yenzeka emgodini womlomo we-arthropod, lapho amathe ekhishwa khona. Yiyo emunca umhwamuko wamanzi emoyeni, bese igwinywa umkhaza.
Ukubaluleka kwemvelo kanye nokuphila komuntu
Akunakwenzeka ukuthola indawo lapho imikhaza ingekho khona.
izitha zemvelo
Imikhaza ayisebenzi unyaka wonke. Ebusika nasehlobo, bangena esimweni lapho zonke izinqubo zabo ze-metabolic zehla. Umsebenzi omkhulu wenziwa entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwekwindla. Ukuziphatha kwazo okuningi kuncike ezimweni zezulu. Le ndlela yokuphila iba yisizathu sokuthi bona ngokwabo babe yizisulu.
Izitha zemvelo zama-arthropods ezinciphisa inani labantu zifaka:
Phakathi kwazo: izintuthwane, ama-lacewings, ojekamanzi, izimbungulu, ama-centipedes kanye neminyovu. Abanye badla imikhaza ukuze badle, abanye bayisebenzisa njengendawo yokugcina amaqanda abo.
Bonke abawadeleli ama-parasite angena endleleni.
Zihamba otshanini, izinyoni zibheka inyamazane yazo. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni zidla la mavampire esikhumbeni sezilwane.
Ukungena ezicutshini ze-arachnid futhi ithuthuke lapho, ikhulula ubuthi obuholela ekufeni kwe-arachnid.
izifo ezithathelwanayo
Isibalo sabantu abathintekayo ngokulunywa imikhaza siyakhula minyaka yonke. Ezifweni abaziphethe, ezidume kakhulu yilezi:
- I-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza - isifo esibangelwa amagciwane esithinta isimiso sezinzwa esiphakathi nobuchopho, okungenzeka kube nomphumela obulalayo.
- Umkhuhlane we-hemorrhagic - isifo esithathelwanayo esiyingozi esinemiphumela emibi.
- I-Borreliosis - ukutheleleka okufana ne-SARS. Ngokwelashwa okufanele, iyanyamalala ngenyanga.
Kwenzeka kanjani ukutheleleka komuntu?
Ngenxa yokuthi ukudla kwala ma-arachnids kuyigazi, khona-ke ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngemva kokulunywa. Amathe ophawu angase aqukathe izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma amagciwane. Amathe omkhaza onegciwane ayingozi uma engena egazini, kanti okuqukethwe emathunjini nakho kuyingozi.
Akuwona wonke amakhizane angathelelana. Uma umnikazi ngokwakhe engumthwali wohlobo oluthile lokutheleleka ngegazi, umkhaza uzowuthatha, njengoba bekwazi ukuthwala izifo eziyishumi nambili.
Ngaphambilini