Amaqiniso amangalisayo mayelana nemikhaza: Amaqiniso ayi-11 mayelana "nama-bloodsuckers" okunzima ukuwakholelwa

Imikhaza iyiqembu elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene, izimuncagazi ezimunca igazi, ubukhulu bazo bungafinyelela ku-0,5 cm ubude. Ziyingxenye yesigaba sama-arachnids, uhlobo - ama-arthropods. Uma ubala inani lezitho, umkhaza uzoba namapheya amane awo. Nakuba izinambuzane zinezintathu. Lesi yisici esiyinhloko esihlukanisa isigaba sezinambuzane kuma-arachnids, lapho imikhaza iyingxenye yawo. Azindizi, azigxumi ezihlahleni. Baqamekela inyamazane yabo ezinhlangeni zotshani namagatsha ezihlahla, endaweni ephakeme engengaphezu kwengxenye yemitha. Emilenzeni engaphambili, unezinzwa ezibalulekile nezinzipho eziqinile enamathela ngazo kulowo ohlukunyeziwe.

Amakhizane atholakala cishe yonke indawo. Zitholakala ezitshalweni, enhlabathini, olwandle nasemanzini ahlanzekile, ekudleni, ezidlekeni zezinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo, othulini lwasendlini nasesikhumbeni somuntu. Kukhona labo abadla igazi lamaphengwini e-Antarctica. Futhi nalabo abajwayele ukuphila emifantwini yamadwala ngale kwe-Arctic Circle. Eziningi zazo zingabonakala kuphela ngesibonakhulu. Nakuba imikhaza eminingi ingelona usongo empilweni yomuntu, eminye yayo ithwala izifo eziyingozi. Okudume kakhulu yizinhlobo zomkhaza we-ixodid.

Izibungu zothuli zingabangane abaqhubekayo babantu. Zitholakala komatilasi, imicamelo nelineni, komata nothuli lwasendlini. Zidla izinhlayiya ezifile zesikhumba somuntu, inkwethu. Ingabangela ukungezwani okunamandla nokuhlasela kwesifuba somoya kubantu, kanye ne-atopic dermatitis, i-rhinitis yokungezwani komzimba kanye ne-conjunctivitis. Ingane ngayinye yesithathu ehlushwa isifuba somoya esibuhlungu ihlushwa ukungezwani nothuli lapho lezi zinambuzane ezincane zihlala khona. Ithoyizi elithambile kanye nomcamelo wezinsiba kungabangela ukuhlaselwa kokuklinywa. Isifuba somoya (bronchial asthma) nezinye izimo zokungezwani nomzimba azibangelwa yizibungu ngokwazo, kodwa ama-enzyme azo endle. Ama-Allergens akhona endlini unyaka wonke, kodwa izimpawu zalesi sifo zivela ikakhulukazi ekwindla, ngesikhathi sezulu esimanzi. Ukuhlanzwa okuphelele kwefulethi, ukususa amakhaphethi, ukufaka umatilasi nemicamelo okusha njalo eminyakeni eyisikhombisa, kuzonciphisa imvamisa yokuhlaselwa.

Kunezinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-50 zemikhaza emhlabeni, futhi minyaka yonke ososayensi bathola emisha. Ingozi enkulu kakhulu kubantu i-ixodid, edla igazi futhi ethwala izifo eziyingozi. Lena imikhaza emikhulu. Benza i-parasitize ezintweni eziphilayo noma bamunce igazi labo. Amathe abo anomphumela wokubulala izinzwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuluma ngokuvamile akunakwa. Izilwane ezinjalo ezincane ziyakhathazeka, ngoba lezi zinambuzane ziphethe uhlu oluphelele lwezifo eziyingozi, ezinye zazo ezingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Okwesabeka kakhulu yi-encephalitis ethwalwa yimikhaza. Lesi sifo esibangelwa amagciwane esinomonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa, sinzima. Lesi sifo asiveli ngokushesha. Ngemva kokulunywa yi-parasite ethelelekile, igciwane eliyingozi lingena egazini, lithinta isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, kuhlanganise nobuchopho. Iqala ngomkhuhlane, ukudakwa, ubuthakathaka obukhulu, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, inkambo ifana ne-SARS. Uma isiguli sisinda, cishe sihlala sikhubazekile. Ingozi yokugula ngezifo ezithwalwa umkhaza ikhona ngisho nokumunca kancane umkhaza. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela kufanele zibhekwe ngokucophelela. Kodwa ngenhlanhla, kunomuthi wokugoma osebenzayo futhi othengekayo ovikela lesi sifo.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezimuncagazi ezimunca igazi. Bahluke kakhulu emikhubeni nasezimisweni zabo zokuchitha igazi. Lawa ama-ixodid nama-dermacentors. Okuwukuphela kwencazelo yabo yokuphila ukuphuza igazi nokushiya inzalo yabo engabonakali kanye negazi eMhlabeni. Isibonelo esigqama kakhulu sokuhaha okuvela ezweni lezilwane zasendle umkhaza wesifazane. Phela ngeke akhumule isisulu eyedwa, ngisho nangezinsuku ezimbalwa. Nakuba eyeduna idla kakade emahoreni ayisithupha. Insikazi inkulu kakhulu kuneyeduna. Lo mehluko ngosayizi unqunywa isidingo semvelo. Ukuvundiswa kwensikazi yalolu hlobo lomkhaza kwenzeka ngesikhathi iphezu kwesisulu futhi incela igazi. Ukuze yenze lokhu, eyeduna ithola eyensikazi kusenesikhathi, kusasele isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwedili layo, futhi izinamathisele esiswini ukusuka ngezansi, kuyilapho yona igijima nomngane wayo emgomweni wayo owufisayo. Izimuncagazi ezimunca igazi ziningi kakhulu. Ngemva kokukhwelana nezinsikazi eziningana, eyeduna iyafa. Ngaphambi kokubekela amaqanda, insikazi idinga ukudla ngegazi. Ngesikhashana nje, insikazi iyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezibungu, zidinga i-host lapho zizodla khona izinsuku ezimbalwa, bese zithuthela emhlabathini bese ziphenduka zibe ama-nymphs. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukuze baphenduke imikhaza yabantu abadala, baphinde badinga umninikhaya ukuze baphakele. Wonke amakhizane angama-saprophages, okungukuthi, adla izinsalela zabantu, izilwane, noma okuphambene nalokho, angamunca igazi. Zibuye zibonakale nge-omovampirism, yilapho umuntu olambile womkhaza ehlasela umuntu wawo osuthi kahle bese emunca igazi elivele limunce kuye.

Ama-bloodsuckers ayakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kokudla cishe iminyaka emibili. Angaphila emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kakhulu kanye nasezimeni ze-vacuum. Abasabi nesithwathwa. Amandla amakhulu emhlabeni yizibungu zegobolondo, ziyakwazi ukuphakamisa isisindo esidlula ezazo. Zisinda kalula ngemva kokugeza emanzini ashisayo ngempushana. Ubude bokuphila kwama-arthropods buhlukile, abanye baphila izinsuku ezintathu kuphela, abanye ngaphezu kweminyaka emine. Izeluleko eziningi zokuthi ungazivikela kanjani ekulunyweni nakweminye imikhaza ziyangabazeka kakhulu, ngoba ziqinile futhi ziqinile. Ukwelashwa njalo ngobuthi bokwenziwa kuholela ekuveleni ngokushesha kwezinhlanga zezinambuzane ezimelana nazo. Izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo sekuyisikhathi eside zisebenzisa amanzi anomlotha ukuze zivikele ingadi yazo emikhazeni. Lapho kuqala isibonakaliso sengozi, i-parasite yenza sengathi ifile bese igoqa imilenze yaso. Imikhaza ngokusobala ayiwuthandi umlotha, iyawaqeda amandla ekulumeni. Inamathela ezidladleni nasemzimbeni, futhi yenza kube nzima kubo ukuphefumula. Kodwa akababulali, kodwa uyabethusa. Uma kungekho chemistry efanele, umlotha womlilo wekamu ungasetshenziswa njenge-prophylaxis ngokumelene nokulunywa kwe-parasite, kodwa alikho ithemba eligcwele ngakho.

Nakuba umuntu echema imikhaza, le mikhaza ihlinzeka ngosizo olubonakalayo ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo, ama-arachnids amancane - ama-saprophages, acubungula izinto eziphilayo, ngaleyo ndlela andise ukuvunda kwenhlabathi. Futhi kwezolimo, lokhu kungomunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu. Futhi imikhaza - izilwane ezidla ezinye zisetshenziselwa ukuqothula ama-parasites, izinambuzane zezolimo, isibonelo, izibungu zesicabucabu. Badla amaqanda ngenjabulo, izibungu kanye nabantu abadala. Zitholakala ngokuba khona kolwembu emaqabunga. Bayakwazi futhi ukuhlanza izitshalo ezihlaselwe yizinhlamvu zesikhunta esiyisinanakazana. Uma, ngenhloso yokuvimbela, lo mzingeli etshalwe ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, khona-ke lokhu kuzovimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-spider mite, futhi ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuzonyamalala ngokwakho.

Imikhaza eminingi izalela amaqanda, kodwa kukhona nama-viviparous. Phakathi kwabamele izibungu ze-gamasid kunezinhlobo ezinjalo. Eyensikazi, ngemva kokuvundiswa, izala iqanda elilodwa kuphela, futhi lapho selivuthiwe, liyafa. Inzalo ilala emzimbeni kamama, ngokufika kwentwasahlobo, inqubo iqedwa ngokuphelele futhi isibungu sesivele sivela, sibhekene nendlala futhi sifuna ukukhululeka. Ukuze enze lokhu, udla indlela yakhe emzimbeni kamama, ukuncelisa nokukhula.

I-parasite inomshini wokuququda nokumunca othuthuke kakhulu. Ngosizo lwezingwegwe ezilinganayo ku-proboscis kanye nento enamathelayo ekhiqizwa umkhaza ngemva kokulunywa, ibambelela ngokuqinile kumninikhaya. Ngesikhathi sokuncela, igazi lingena emathunjini alo elinamagumbi amaningi, ngenxa yalokho umuntu akhula kaningi ngosayizi. Umkhaza owondleke kahle unesisindo esiphindwe izikhathi ezingu-200 kunomuntu olambile.

Imikhaza isengozini yezinyoni nezibankwa. Izitha zabo namaxoxo, ojekamanzi, izicabucabu, izimbungulu namabhungane. Kodwa usongo olukhulu kuma-bloodsuckers izintuthwane. Ngisho ne-formic acid iholela ekufeni. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo - lapho kunezintuthwane eziningi, awekho imikhaza. Izintuthwane ziphila ngamaphunga, ngosizo lwazo zithole indlela eya ekhaya, zinqume eyakhe noma eyomunye umuntu. Lapho nje isihambi singena endaweni yezintuthwane, izintuthwane ziqala ukuhlasela. Ngisho nekhono lokuzenza umuntu oshonile negobolondo eliqinile alikwazi ukubasiza. Izintuthwane ziyaluma futhi ziklebhule izitho zazo, zigobe izisu zazo ngakunyama yazo futhi zikhiphe i-asidi, ebulalayo kumagciwane. Base bemhlinza bamhudulele endlini yakhe. Ukudla okukhethekile kwentuthwane amaqanda abekela umkhaza kanye nomuntu omdala ondliwa igazi. Imikhaza iwukudla okuhle kakhulu kwezintuthwane namaphuphu azo.