I-spider mite kutamatisi: izinambuzane ezincane kodwa ezicashile zezitshalo ezitshalwayo
Ezindaweni zasengadini nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ama-parasites acasulayo angavame ukutholakala. Izinambuzane zihlasela izitshalo futhi zidla ubisi. Izibungu zesicabucabu kutamatisi nazo. Lapho izinambuzane zitholakala, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqale ukulwa nazo ngokushesha ukuze usindise isivuno.
Okuqukethwe
- Iyini i-spider mite futhi kungani iyingozi kumatamatisi
- Izizathu zokuvela kwezinambuzane kumatamatisi
- Izimpawu zokulimala kukatamatisi yizibungu
- Izindlela Zokulawula Izinambuzane
- Kunini lapho kudingekile ukwelapha utamatisi kusuka ku-spider mites?
- Izici zokulwa nemikhaza ku-greenhouse
- Ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwezibungu zesicabucabu
- Izinhlobo zamatamatisi ezimelana nezimbuzane
- Amathiphu awusizo kubalimi abasaqalayo
Iyini i-spider mite futhi kungani iyingozi kumatamatisi
Izibungu zesicabucabu zihlasela izitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-200. Okuvame kakhulu:
- utamatisi;
- ukhukhamba;
- sitrobheli;
- isitshalo seqanda.
I-spider mite.
Izinambuzane zihlukaniswa njenge-arachnid. Lo mndeni (Tetranychidae) uqukethe imikhakha engama-95 kanye nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1270. Izinambuzane zesicabucabu kutamatisi ziyingxenye ye-Common (Tetranychus urticae).
Isinambuzane sincane kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba abukho ngaphezu kuka-2 mm. Ingabonakala kahle kuphela ngengilazi yokukhulisa. Ezisikazi zinkulu kuneziduna. Bonke abantu abanawo amaphiko.
Umbala womzimba uthi:
- obomvu;
- okuluhlaza;
- ophuzi;
- iwolintshi.
Amaqanda abe nesimo esiyindilinga. Ububanzi buyi-0,14 mm. Ekuqaleni, ziyabonakala, zinemibala yesaladi. Kamuva baba mhlophe. Angabonakala ngaphansi kwamaqabunga.
Umjikelezo wokuphila we-spider mite.
Izibungu abe nosayizi ofanayo. Umbala uphaphathekile kunabantu abadala. Umzimba wesibungu ufana ne-hemisphere enamapheya ama-3 emilenze. Iminyovu inemilenze yesine. Bayafana nabantu abadala.
Izinambuzane dala umonakalo omkhulu kutamatisi. Bamunca wonke ujusi, balume nge-epidermis. Endaweni yokubhoboza, izicubu ziyafa. Iqabunga liba yimabula bese liyagqwala.
Imikhaza iphazamisa inqubo ye-photosynthesis, okuholela ekwehleni kokuzivikela komzimba, futhi izinga lezithelo liyawohloka. Ama-ovari awakhi futhi izihlahla zoma. Ukutheleleka kunganciphisa isivuno ngo-15 kuya ku-50%.
Izizathu zokuvela kwezinambuzane kumatamatisi
Ukubonakala kwezinambuzane kuhlotshaniswa nethonya lezici ezihlukahlukene. Bangathola ngephutha isiko.
Izindawo zokuhlala - inhlabathi engaphezulu nezinsalela zezitshalo emibhedeni.
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokubukeka:
- ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi engadini angcolile;
- ukutshala imbewu noma izithombo endaweni engcolile engazange ilashwe nge-antiseptic - amaqanda angaba emhlabathini iminyaka engaba ngu-5;
- ukutshala izithombo ezithengiwe noma imbewu enesifo;
- izimbali zasendle eziseduze nokhula okuhlala kuzo izimuncagazi;
- aphethwe umoya, njengoba imikhaza mincane;
- ukusabalala kwabantu nezilwane - zingabanjwa ezicathulweni noma ezingutsheni;
- zingena ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ngemifantu yokuvula nodonga.
Izimo ezivumayo izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ku-greenhouse kanye nokungahambi kahle komoya. Emazingeni okushisa asuka ku-29 kuya ku-31 degrees kanye nomswakama kusuka ku-35 kuya ku-55%, izinambuzane ziqala ukwanda ngenkuthalo. Akwenzeki ukubona imikhaza ngokushesha. Banekhono elihle kakhulu lokucasha emhlabathini noma emaqabunga.
Izimpawu zokulimala kukatamatisi yizibungu
Izimpawu zokutheleleka zicace kakhulu. Zethulwa kanje:
- amachashazi amhlophe emithanjeni yamaqabunga neziqu eziphenduka zibephuzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (lapho iluma, imikhaza ijova i-enzyme ebhubhisa ama-chloroplast);
- ukuguqulwa kwamapuleti aphansi eceleni komkhawulo, kulandelwa ukomiswa;
- inombolo enkulu yezigaxa ezincane ezimpunga ngemuva kweshidi;
- iwebhu encane;
- ukufiphala kwamaqabunga ngenxa yokwephulwa kwe-photosynthesis. Isitshalo silahlekelwa i-chlorophyll;
- ukukhula kancane kwesiko;
- amaqabunga awela;
- ukuba khona kwamachashazi anyakazayo ebusweni bamashidi noma amaqanda ohlangothini olungemuva.
Imikhaza ivame ukuhlala emahlumela amancane ane-succulent. Kuyadingeka ukuhlola ngokushesha ingxenye engenhla yesitshalo.
Izindlela Zokulawula Izinambuzane
Ukulawula ithikhi kunzima. Ufanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile. Kunezindlela eziningana zokulwa. Amakhemikhali anomphumela onamandla kakhulu. Amakhambi esintu abonisa imiphumela ezinyathelweni zokuvimbela kanye nenani labantu abambalwa.
Amakhemikhali
Ngosizo lwama-acaricides nama-insectoacaricides, inani elikhulu lezibungu lingabhujiswa. Izidakamizwa ezidume kakhulu
Izindlela zebhayoloji
I-Biopreparations inomphumela omuhle kakhulu. Abazilimazi isithelo. Zisetshenziswa kangcono uma utamatisi usuvuthiwe. Imikhiqizo yebhayoloji evela kumakhizane ikhethwa ngokwezilinganiso.
Amakhambi abantu
Amakhambi esintu aphephe ngokuphelele kubantu nasezitshalweni. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ekuqaleni kokutheleleka.
| utshwala esekelwe | 2 tbsp utshwala (i-ethanol engu-96%) yengezwe ku-1 litre lamanzi. Fafaza ngesixazululo sotshwala izikhathi ezi-2. Isikhathi sokuphumula siyizinsuku eziyi-7. |
| I-Horseradish noma i-dandelion | 0,4 kg we-horseradish noma amaqabunga e-dandelion athululelwa kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi futhi ashiye amahora ayi-12. Ngemuva kokuhlunga, ukumnika kufafazwa ebhodleleni lesifutho esihlahleni sikatamatisi kabili ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-7. |
| I-Makhorka noma uthuli lukagwayi | I-0,4 kg yothuli lukagwayi noma i-shag ixubene namalitha angu-10 amanzi futhi ishiywe amahora angu-24. Izihlahla zifafazwa ngokumnika kanye ngesonto. |
| Ukumnika ugalikhi | I-0,2 kg ye-garlic eqoshiwe yengezwa ebhakedeni lamanzi futhi ifakwe amahora angama-5. Isitshalo sifafazwa nge-infusion kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-1. |
| Isixazululo sensipho | Insipho ihlanjululwe emanzini ngesilinganiso se-1: 4. Isixazululo sensipho sifafazwa ebhodleleni lesifutho kusiko isikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini eziyi-10. |
| I-bleaching powder | I-2% ye-bleach ihlanjululwa ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Fafaza ngesisombululo kuze kube yilapho izimuncagazi zifa. |
| Ukufakwa kwe-henbane | I-1 kg ye-henbane eyomile ithululelwa ku-10 amalitha amanzi abilayo. Phikelela amahora angu-12. Cindezela bese ufutha emaqabunga. |
| I-hydrogen peroxide | I-20 ml ye-hydrogen peroxide (3%) ithelelwa ilitha elilodwa lamanzi bese isitshalo sifafazwa. |
| I-decoction yekhasi lika-anyanisi | I-0,2 kg yekhasi lika-anyanisi ithululelwa ebhakedeni lamanzi. Bilisa futhi ugcizelele amahora angu-10-12. Ifafazwe ngebhodlela lesifutho emaqabunga isikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini eziyi-10. |
| Insipho eluhlaza | I-0,4 l yensipho eluhlaza (ngosawoti we-potassium we-fatty acids) inyakaziswa ebhakedeni lamanzi futhi isiko liyafafazwa. |
Izinyathelo ze-Agrotechnical
Izinyathelo ze-Agrotechnical ngokumelene nemikhaza:
- ukushintshanisa kwezitshalo okulungile;
- ukuchelela njalo;
- ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo ezithintekile;
- ukumba inhlabathi entwasahlobo;
- ukwelashwa kwe-prophylactic;
- ukumba inhlabathi ngemva kokuvuna ekwindla kanye nokubulala amagciwane;
- ukuqedwa kokhula kanye nemfucumfucu yezinto eziphilayo;
- ukutshala izitshalo eziseduze ezinephunga elimnandi - u-anyanisi nesweli.
Kunini lapho kudingekile ukwelapha utamatisi kusuka ku-spider mites?
I-spider mite kutamatisi ibonakala ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - maphakathi noJuni. Isimo sezulu esifudumele sinomthelela kulokhu. Ukukhiqiza okusebenzayo kuyaqala futhi izinambuzane ziba ziningi kakhulu.
Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwenziwa lapho izihlahla ziqala ukuqhakaza. Ukufafaza ngamakhemikhali noma amakhambi esintu kuyaphindwa ngezikhathi zezinsuku eziyi-14.
Izici zokulwa nemikhaza ku-greenhouse
Ngokutshala okuhleliwe kwezinhlobo zakuqala, ukunakekelwa okufanele kuyadingeka ukuze izibungu zingabonakali ku-greenhouse. Izincomo ezimbalwa:
- hlola njalo izihlahla;
- izindawo ezingaphezulu ziyahlanzwa futhi zihlanzwe;
- sebenzisa imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo;
- fafaza amanzi ukwandisa izinga lomswakama.
Ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwezibungu zesicabucabu
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela:
- ukutshala izithombo ezinempilo;
- ukukhishwa kwenhlabathi ngonyaka;
- emva kokwelashwa ngesulfure ye-colloidal, i-greenhouse igcinwa ivaliwe izinsuku ezingu-5;
- i-ventilate njalo ku-greenhouse;
- ifafazwe ngezixazululo ezihlanganisa i-Fundazol.
Izinhlobo zamatamatisi ezimelana nezimbuzane
Utamatisi awunawo u-100% wokumelana nezinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinokuzivikela okuqinile:
- I-Sturgeon ye-stellate;
- AmaRoma;
- Marmande.
Lapho ukhetha izithombo, abalimi abaningi bathola izinhlobo ezisohlwini.
Amathiphu awusizo kubalimi abasaqalayo
Amathiphu ambalwa avela ku-agronomists:
- khetha ukucubungula ngamakhambi esintu athambile - isisombululo sotshwala noma sikagalikhi;
- ngenani elikhulu lezinambuzane, kungcono ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali. Zinomphumela onamandla;
- izindawo ezinkulu zilashwa kathathu phakathi nesizini ngama-acaricides.