I-Ixodes ricinus: yiziphi izinhlobo ezingakwazi ukuqeda inja nokuthi yiziphi izifo ezingase zibangele

Imikhaza yenja - kuyini

Imikhaza izinambuzane ezizalela amaqanda. Insikazi, idla igazi, izalela amaqanda angamakhulu ambalwa kuya ezinkulungwaneni eziningana ngesikhathi. Kukhona ama-ecto- kanye nama-endoparasite ahlala emzimbeni wesilwane. Abanye babo bagcina sebesemzimbeni womninikhaya ukuze bathole igazi, bese bebuyela endaweni ekahle yokuhlala. Ukutholakala ngesikhathi kwezinambuzane kungavimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo eziyingozi.

Bahlalaphi

Insikazi ibeka amaqanda endaweni ephansi - ku-humus, amaqabunga awile, inhlabathi engaphezulu, umquba, izinkuni, imfucumfucu ewile, izimpande zezihlahla. Ama-Clutch angamaqoqo amaqanda amancane angcolile aphuzi afana namaqanda amancane.

Ibukeka kanjani umkhaza wenja: ukubukeka

Ukubukeka komkhaza kuncike ekutheni umkhaza unesikhathi esingakanani uphuza igazi lenja. I-parasite elambile incane, isicaba, inemilenze engu-8. Ikhanda elimnyama, umzimba uluhlaza, omnyama noma ompunga, kanye nombala onsundu. Kukhona ama-shades ahlukene ombala.

Uma lidatshulwe ngenxa yokushayisana kwemishini, umnikazi angase abone iqhubu elinechashaza elimnyama phakathi. Leli yikhanda lesinambuzane elinamathele ku-epidermis.

Kunezinhlobo ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-48 zamakhizane. Ngaphezu kwangaphandle, ixodid, kukhona intradermal nendlebe. Azivamile njenge-Ixodes, zincane ngosayizi, yingakho zingabonakali ngeso lomuntu.

Ukwakheka kwemikhaza

Umkhaza wenja ungowama-arachnids, ukwakheka kwawo, ukubukeka nokunyakaza kwawo kunokufana okuningi nezicabucabu:

• imingcele yomkhaza olambile ingaphakathi kwamamilimitha angu-2-4, abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa;
• ingemuva linonsundu, linendilinga ensundu noma cishe emnyama engxenyeni yomzimba kusukela ekhanda nangaphansi;
• umzimba uyisicaba, umise okwezinyembezi kanye nekhanda, amapheya angu-4 emilenze emide;
• izibungu eziwugqinsi zikhula ngosayizi kuze kufike ku-1 - 1,2 amasentimitha ububanzi;
• umzimba uba mpunga ngenxa yokwelula kwezicubu negazi ngaphakathi kwe-parasite;
• imbuzane emunca igazi iba yindilinga, inomumo kabhontshisi onemilenze emifushane enamathele phambili.

Uma ubona isinambuzane esifana nomkhaza kuwe noma esilwaneni esifuywayo, udinga ukusithuntutha ngaphambi kokuba i-parasite ithole indawo yokunamathela kuyo.

Umjikelezo wempilo yenja

Umjikelezo wempilo wekhaza lenja:

Isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwesigaba ngasinye singaba amasonto / izinyanga ezimbalwa, kuye ngokuthi imvelo yangaphandle. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo, abantu bafinyelela esigabeni sokugcina, becabanga, ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ukuthi umkhaza wezinja ukhula ngokushesha kangakanani futhi umjikelezo wokuphila kwawo usuwonke uncike ezimweni zezulu lapho isinambuzane sihlala khona, inkathi yamanje.

Ukuthuthuka kusukela ekuchanyuselweni kusuka eqandeni kuya ekuzalweni komuntu kwenzeka kokubili onyakeni ongu-1 futhi kunganwebeka iminyaka emi-4-6.

Uma kubanda, imikhaza ingena ezithombeni ezimisiwe futhi imise okwesikhashana umsebenzi wayo obalulekile kuze kube yilapho izimo ezifanele lokhu zenzeka. Izinambuzane ezindala, izibungu nama-nymphs nazo ziyalala.

Ukukhiqiza

Imikhaza izala ngenxa yekhono lensikazi lokuzalela amaqanda.  Imikhaza ehlasela inja iphindaphindeka ngokushesha, ukudala izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokusakazeka kwamagciwane nama-virus, umnikazi kufanele asheshe ngokwelashwa kwenja emikhaza.

Ingabe imikhaza iyingozi ezinjeni?

Ukulunywa komkhaza akubeki usongo emzimbeni wenja. Ubungozi bemikhaza ezinjeni yizifo ezithelelana inja uma ilunywe umkhaza. Izimpawu ezingase zenzeke enjeni ngemva kokulunywa umkhaza:

• ukukhathala, ukunganaki, inja ilele ngaphezulu;
• ushintsho kumbala womchamo (uba mnyama, onsundu, obomvu);
• ulwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye ne-sclera yamehlo inombala ophuzi;
• izinga lokushisa lomzimba 40 ° C nangaphezulu;
• ukuphelelwa umoya, inja iba nobunzima bokuphefumula.

Umkhaza ungaphila isikhathi esingakanani enjeni

Umkhaza ungahlala emzimbeni wesilwane esifuywayo usuku lonke. Ingozi yokutheleleka ifinyelela ezingeni elibucayi. Ngemuva kokulunywa, akufanele unakekele inja amahora ambalwa, kodwa amasonto ambalwa, njengoba i-virus pathologies inesikhathi eside sokufukamela. Uma kuvela izimpawu zesifo, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho wezilwane.

Inqubo yokuhlasela imikhaza enjeni

Imikhaza ezinjeni ivela ngenxa yezizathu eziningi:

• ukuxhumana nesilwane esigulayo;
• umkhaza udluliselwa kusuka kumama kuya enzalweni;
• izinja ezincane (ezifika ku-1 unyaka ubudala), kanye nabantu abane-immunity encishisiwe, basengozini yokuhlaselwa imikhaza.

Umthombo wokutheleleka yizilwane zasendle, amagundane. Ukutheleleka okungenzeka ngomchamo. Ngokutheleleka okunamandla, i-parasite isakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba wesilwane.

Abamele ama-parasites avame kakhulu bangatholakala ezinjeni: utwayi, i-demodex, i-sarcoptoid, i-argas, i-ixodic, i-cheyletiella.

Kuyadingeka ukwelapha izifo ezingama-parasitic zohlobo ngalunye ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kunemithi ekhethekile kakhulu.

Kufanele uqonde ukuthi izinambuzane zamaqembu asohlwini zibukeka kanjani. Izinambuzane ezingaphansi kwesikhumba azibonakali ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obuncane kakhulu. Ukuze wenze ukuxilongwa, uzodinga ucwaningo lwaselabhorethri lokuklwebheka kwesikhumba noma kwegazi.

Izimpawu zokulunywa ngumkhaza enjeni

Okufanele ukwenze uma inja elunywe umkhaza

Uma inja ilunywe umkhaza, thintana nodokotela wakho wezilwane ngokushesha. Izenzo zincike ohlotsheni lomkhaza olulume isilwane esifuywayo. I-parasite eyingozi umkhaza we-ixodid. Ukulunywa kwayo kubangela i-encephalitis, i-piroplasmosis nezinye izifo eziyingozi.

Uma umnikazi ethola ukuthi umakhi usuvele unamathiselwe, kufanele kuzanywe ukususwa. Ngenhlanhla, i-parasite itshalwa embizeni noma esitsheni uma kudingeka ukuhlaziywa. Kunconywa ukuthatha umaka ukuze uhlolwe kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• umkhaza we-ixodid ulume isilwane esifuywayo endaweni lapho kuqoshwe khona amacala okuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane ze-encephalitis;
• ukuziphatha okungavamile kwenja kuyabonakala, okubonisa ukukhula kwesifo.

Kulezi zimo, kubalulekile ukuletha impahla ukuze ihlaziywe kuchwepheshe, futhi uhlole isilwane emtholampilo wezilwane. Bazokunikeza imijovo eminingi ezonciphisa ingozi yokuba nomkhuhlane kanye namagciwane.

Ngemuva kokulunywa, kuyadingeka ukulawula inja, futhi ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zokukhula kwesifo, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho wezilwane.

Izinyathelo zokuqapha lapho uhlola izilwane ezinesifo

Lapho uhlola isilwane, kufanele kuqashelwe lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha:

• sebenzisa izinto zokuzivikela: izibuko, amagilavu, umshini wokuphefumula, izingubo ezivaliwe (isibonelo, ingubo yokugezela), isigqoko;
• izinto ezazisetshenziswa lapho kuhlolwa izilwane ezinamagciwane kufanele zibulawe amagciwane;
• uma i-biomaterial enegciwane ingena emlonyeni, hlambulula imbobo ngesisombululo se-iodine (amaconsi ama-5 ku-250 ml wamanzi);
• ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, akuvunyelwe ukudla, ukuphuza uketshezi nokubhema.

Lapho bebona ukuthi inja ilunywe umkhaza, kuyadingeka ukuyisiza. Akukho ukwethuka! Ungawukhipha umaka ekhaya. Susa kahle umaka, uwufake embizeni yengilazi uwuyise emtholampilo.

Ungawususa kanjani kahle umkhaza

Ukuze ugweme ukusakazeka kokutheleleka, isilonda kufanele siphathwe ngesisombululo se-iodine esingu-5%. Ukususwa kwama-parasite nge-shampoo ekhethekile. Esitolo sezilwane ezifuywayo, thenga umuthi obhubhisa izibungu zomkhaza futhi wenze buthaka isenzo somkhaza ngokwawo.

Okufanele ukwenze uma ikhanda lomkhaza liphuma

Imikhaza ezinzile yajula ingahlala emzimbeni futhi ivele ikhule. Isisu nengxenye eyinhloko yomzimba izowa, futhi ikhanda ne-proboscis kuzokhula. Khona-ke kuyoba nzima ukususa into yangaphandle: udokotela wezilwane kuzodingeka anqume isikhumba sesilwane, okuzombangela ubuhlungu.

Ingabe umkhaza ungawa enjeni wodwa?

Uma sikhuluma ngomkhaza we-ixodid, isinambuzane singawa sodwa ngempela. Uma inja yakho itheleleke ngotwayi, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho wezilwane.

Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, izibungu zizoba nomthelela omubi emiseleni yezindlebe noma esikhumbeni.

Akufanelekile ukulinda ukuthi umkhaza uwele wodwa. I-parasite kufanele isuswe. Umkhaza ungahlala emzimbeni wesilwane esifuywayo usuku lonke. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingozi yokutheleleka ifinyelela ezingeni elibucayi.

Uma isinambuzane singumthwali wegciwane noma ukutheleleka, khona-ke i-proboscis esele emzimbeni izoholela ekuthuthukiseni i-pathology. Ngisho ne-proboscis yomkhaza "ohlanzekile" we-Ixodes ingaholela ekuvuvukeni nasekuvukeni.

Umkhaza ofile enjeni awuwi. Ukususwa kwayo ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu kuzokwenzeka kuphela uma izicubu ziqala ukuvuselela, futhi amangqamuzana amasha axhumayo axosha into yangaphandle.

Iyini imikhaza ezinjeni: izinhlobo zezimuncagazi ezingahlasela inja, izindlela zokutheleleka kanye nokuthola izilwane ezifuywayo ozithandayo

Izinja zihlushwa yizinhlobo ezintathu zemikhaza:

• I-Ixodidae (Ixodidae) - imikhaza emikhulu, efinyelela ku-2-3 mm ubude lapho izila ukudla futhi ifinyelela ku-1-1,5 cm lapho imunca igazi;
• utwayi (yangaphakathi, indlebe);
• i-subcutaneous (i-demodicosis).

Izibungu ezilambile zithola isisulu sazo ngenxa yezinzwa zazo ezikhethekile zokushisa.

Inja edlula esihlahleni noma utshani lapho kuhlezi umkhaza into yokuhlaselwa, umkhaza uyagxuma futhi, ubambelele ezinweleni, uhlala phezu kwenja.

Njengoba unamathele enjeni, umkhaza ubheka indawo emzimbeni wenja enezinwele ezincane (isikhumba esizungeze izindlebe, intamo, izidladla, isisu) bese uqala inqubo yokumunca igazi.

Ingozi yokutheleleka komkhaza kubantu nasezinjeni nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka

Ama-parasite amaningi asebenza njengabathwali bamagciwane ayingozi. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi imikhaza iyingozi yini ezinjeni nokuthi yiziphi izifo ezingazidlulisela. Izinketho:

• i-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza;
• i-borreliosis, i-tularemia, i-monocytic ehrlichiosis, i-granulocytic anaplasmosis, i-hemorrhagic fever, i-piroplasmosis, i-Q fever;
• isifo sohudo, i-typhus.

Ezinye zikhula ikakhulukazi kubantu, ezinye ezinjeni (pyroplasmosis, anaplasmosis, borreliosis).

I-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza

Umthombo yigciwane legama elifanayo. Izimpawu - ukwanda okubukhali kwezinga lokushisa. Umuntu onegciwane uzwa ubuhlungu emisipha, ubuthakathaka. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, izimpawu ziyadamba futhi zingase zinyamalale ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokho, iziguli ezingu-30% ziba nesigaba sesibili ngezinkinga ezinzima kakhulu (i-meningitis, i-encephalitis).

I-Borreliosis

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-borreliosis:

• ubuthakathaka emzimbeni;
• ubuhlungu bemisipha;
• ikhanda;
• umkhuhlane;
• i-erythema yeringithoni lapho isikhumba sibhobozwa khona umkhaza;
• ukuqubuka emzimbeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithombe somtholampilo sesifo siyashintsha. Isigaba sesibili sikhula ku-15% weziguli. Izinkinga zivela ngokumelene nesizinda somonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa (i-meningitis, i-paresis ye-cranial nerves).

I-Piroplasmosis

Imikhaza yezinja iyingozi, ukutheleleka nge-piroplasmosis, okusakazeka ngama-parasites, kuzoholela ekufeni. Izimpawu zalesi sifo:

• umkhuhlane
• ukwanda kwenhliziyo;
• ukwehluleka ukuphefumula;
• izembozo zangaphandle eziphuzi;
• ukungasebenzi kahle kwezimoto;
• umbala omnyama womchamo (uthola umbala onsundu).

Imithi yomukhaza wezinja nezinto zokuzivikela

Amakhambi Folk for imikhaza kungase kutholakale eminyakeni zokupheka

Uma umkhaza utholakala enjeni, uyasuswa. Ukuvimbela ukulunywa nokuvikela ezinambuzaneni, izindlela ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa:

1. Hlanganisa u-garlic ochotshoziwe namafutha e-almond (isilinganiso 1: 2). Phikelela izinsuku ezi-3, phatha izindawo ezithintekile.
2. Amafutha e-lavender noshoki. Hlanganisa futhi usebenzise ezindaweni ezithintekile zesikhumba.
3. I-100 ml yotshwala + iphakethe elilodwa le-vanilla. Imikhaza ngeke ilume inja.
4. 20 g womhlonyane + amanzi 250 ml, ubilise, upholile.
5. Ukwakhiwa kwamafutha 1-2 amaconsi ngamunye: i-thyme, i-lavender, i-cypress, i-thyme, isihlahla setiye. Faka ijazi noma ikhola ngaphambi kokuhamba.

Inja ilimaza abantu

Kukhona ingozi yokudluliselwa kwamagciwane namagciwane asongela ukuphila nempilo yabantu, ukulunywa kwemikhaza nakho kungabangela izinkinga eziningi.

1. Umuntu akakuzwa ukulunywa yi-parasite, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuhlungu obuhlabayo buqala ukuvela.
2. Uma umkhaza ususwe ngendlela engafanele, inhloko ye-parasite ingase ihlale enxebeni futhi indawo yokulunywa izoqala ukubola.
3. Ukungezwani komzimba kungase kwenzeke lapho ulunywa umkhaza wenja.
4. Ukulunywa komkhaza kubangela ukulunywa okukhulu.
5. Ukuhlanganisa, ungaletha noma yikuphi ukutheleleka esilondeni ngezandla zakho.
6. Ukulunywa okuklwetshiweyo kushiya izibazi.