Umkhaza uphefumula kanjani lapho ulunywa, noma ukuthi “ama-vampire” amancane angakwazi kanjani ukuminza ngesikhathi sokudla.
Imikhaza ngama-arachnids anamapheya amane emilenze. Ngokuvamile ubude bawo buba ngu-1-1,5 cm. Ngemva kokuphuza igazi, bangandisa usayizi wabo izikhathi ezingu-200. Imikhaza igubha ngokuqinile esikhumbeni futhi ikhiphe izinto ezibulala izinzwa, ukuze ukulunywa kungezwakali. Njengoba zinamathela emzimbeni, zibonakala njengechashaza elimnyama, eliphume kancane elibomvu nxazonke. Ngokuvamile abantu banesithakazelo sokuthi i-bloodsucker ingaphefumula kanjani.
Okuqukethwe
Obani imikhaza futhi kungani beyingozi
Ngokuvamile, imikhaza ingatholakala ehlathini, epaki, kodwa muva nje itholakala kakhulu emadolobheni. Inkathi yalezi zimuncagazi iqala ngo-March/April ifinyelele inani eliphakeme ngo-June/September. Iqhubeka kuze kube uNovemba, okungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yokufudumala kwesimo sezulu.
Ama-bloodsucker afana ne-spider azizwa engcono kakhulu endaweni efudumele futhi enomswakama. Ngakho-ke, zisebenza kakhulu ekuseni nantambama kakhulu. Bakhetha izindawo emzimbeni lapho isikhumba sintekenteke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, zivame ukubonakala e-groin, ngaphansi kwamakhwapha, emadolweni nangaphansi kwesifuba.
Izifo ezidluliselwa ngemikhaza
Umjikelezo wokukhula ogcwele we-parasite udinga ukusetshenziswa kwegazi eliphindwe kathathu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-parasites angabathwali bezifo eziningana ezihlukene ezibangela izifo ezinzima ezilwaneni nakubantu:
- isifo seLyme;
- i-encephalitis;
- i-anaplasmosis/ehrlichiosis;
- babesiosis
Ezinye izifo ezivame ukudluliselwa ngama-parasite zihlanganisa:
- i-american fever;
- i-tularemia;
- i-cytauxoonosis;
- i-bartonellosis;
- i-toxoplasmosis;
- i-mycoplasmosis.
Ukulunywa komkhaza kubukeka kanjani kumuntu?
Ukusabela kwe-allergic:
- ibonakala ngokushesha ngemva kokukhipha i-parasite esikhumbeni;
- i-rim ngokuvamile ayidluli ku-5 cm ububanzi;
- ivame ukuguga ngokushesha;
- ngokuvamile kuba khona ukulunywa lapho elunywe khona.
I-Wandering erythema:
- ibonakala kuphela ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ngokuvamile ezinsukwini ezingu-7-14 ngemva kokuba umkhaza unamathele emzimbeni;
- ikhula ngaphezu kuka-5 cm ububanzi;
- inomklamo wesici ofana nethagethi yokudubula, phakathi nendawo kukhona indawo ebomvu, lapho kukhona indandatho ebomvu;
- i-erythema yesici, "ukuzulazula" ezindaweni ezahlukene zesikhumba;
- umkhuhlane kanye nezimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane nazo zingase zibe khona.
Imikhaza iphefumula kanjani lapho iluma?
Izitho zokuphefumula zomkhaza zitholakala ezinhlangothini zomzimba futhi zingamashubhu oqhoqhoqho lapho umoya ungena khona esiqwini esiyindilinga. Kusuka kuyo izinyanda ezimbili zoqhoqhoqho, ezihlanganisa ngokuqinile futhi zibophe zonke izitho.
Akumangalisi ukuthi ngesikhathi sokulunywa, lapho i-parasite igubhe esikhumbeni somuntu noma isilwane, iyaqhubeka nokuphefumula ngokuthula. Ayinazo izitho zokuphefumula ekhanda layo.
Usizo lokuqala ngemva kokulunywa umkhaza
Uma ubona umkhaza emzimbeni wakho, wususe ngokushesha. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono nge-forceps emincane noma i-remover professional, engathengwa ekhemisi.
Ukususwa ngendlela efanele kwe-bloodsucker kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola izifo ezisakazwa ezinye ze-parasite ezisele.
Ngemuva kokususwa kwe-arachnid, indawo yokuluma kufanele igcinwe okungenani amasonto ama-4. I-Erythema endaweni yomjovo, efana nesihlangu futhi iyanda, iwuphawu lokuqala lwesifo seLyme, nakuba ingabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokutheleleka.
Indlela yokukhipha
Amakhizane kufanele asuswe ngokushesha, kungaba uwena noma ngokuthi omunye umuntu awasuse. Ukukhipha i-parasite enamathele esikhumbeni kufanele ibe sendaweni efanele, okuyiyona ithuluzi eliwusizo kuyoba:
- ama-tweezers;
- ama-tweezers ngesiqeshana;
- ipompo ye-vacuum yokumunca.
Uma usebenzisa ama-tweezers noma enye insimbi efanayo, bamba i-parasite eduze nesikhumba ngangokunokwenzeka, bese uyidonsa ngobumnene uyiphakamise nge-engeli elungile (90°). Ungawahlukumezi noma uwasonte ama-tweezers, njengoba lokhu kwandisa amathuba okuwalimaza futhi kushiye ingxenye yesinambuzane esikhumbeni. Ngemva kokukhipha i-parasite, bulala amagciwane esikhumbeni bese usibhubhisa ngokusichoboza ngento, njengengilazi.
Okufanele ukwenze ngokulunywa umkhaza
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthatha umkhaza ekuhlolweni kwaselabhorethri, khona-ke kungcono ukuthatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Indlela yokwenza lokhu ngendlela efanele, sizokutshela ngezansi.
Ngemva kokulunywa umkhaza, kunconywa ukuphuza ama-antibiotic. Ukuze uvimbele, i-doxycycline 0,2 g inqunyelwe abantu abadala, kanye emahoreni angu-72 okuqala ngemva kokuba i-bloodsucker iphuzile. Izingane kanye nabantu abadala, i-doxycycline contraindicated, banqunyelwe i-amoxicillin izikhathi ezi-3 ngosuku izinsuku ezi-5.
Uma sekuvele amasonto ama-2 ngemva kokulunywa, khona-ke bahlolelwa amasosha omzimba egciwane le-encephalitis elithwala umkhaza. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwama-antibodies ku-borreliosis kuthathwa ngemuva kwamaviki ama-3.
Ukuze unqume ukuthi ukulunywa kushiye imiphumela, udinga ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza kanye ne-borreliosis nge-PCR. Lokhu kuhlaziywa akufanele kuthathwe ngaphambi kwezinsuku eziyi-10 ngemuva kokuba i-parasite ibambekile.
Isinyathelo esiphuthumayo sokuvimbela ukwethulwa kwe-immunoglobulin ngemva kokuba i-bloodsucker ibambekile. Ingakwazi ukuhlala ebusweni bomzimba isikhathi eside futhi iphefumule ngokuthula.
I-Immunoglobulin kufanele inikezwe ezinsukwini ezi-3 zokuqala ngemuva kokulunywa yi-parasite. Khona-ke igciwane liyasuswa ngokuphelele. Umuthi uyiphrotheni ehlukanisiwe negazi eliqukethe amasosha omzimba ukuya ezifweni ezithwalwa yimikhaza. Ibalwa ngenani le-1 ml nge-10 kg yomzimba womuntu.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile
Siphendula imibuzo evame kakhulu evela kubafundi. Ama-bloodsuckers, ukumba emzimbeni, angaphefumula ngokuthula, kodwa kunezici ezimbalwa okudingeka ukwazi.
| Iyini imiphumela yokulunywa umkhaza? | Imiphumela ingase ihluke, kodwa ngokuvamile izimpawu ezilandelayo zivela - ukubomvu kwesikhumba nokuvuvukala endaweni yokulunywa, umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, ukukhathala, ukukhathala, ukozela kanye nempilo embi. |
| Okufanele ukwenze uma ungakhishwa wonke umkhaza | Izinsalela ze-parasite nazo zidinga ukukhishwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukwelapha ama-tweezers noma inaliti, kanye nesilonda, ngotshwala. Bese ukhipha umkhaza ngendlela efanayo njengoba sikhipha i-splinter. |
| Indlela ukususa imikhaza | Kungcono kakhulu ukuwakhipha ngama-tweezers. Kukhona ama-tweezers akhethekile anekliphu ukwenza kube lula ukuthola i-parasite. Uma kungekho lutho, khona-ke ungayithola ngeminwe yakho. |
| Ukuvimbela ukulunywa komkhaza | Indlela yokuvimbela eyikhulu kuphela ukugoma nge-immunoglobulin, esiza inyanga. I-Immunoglobulin iphinde inikezwe ngemva kokulunywa uma isivele inamathele esikhumbeni. Kunconywa ukugoma ngesikhathi somsebenzi omkhulu wama-parasites. Isifundo siqukethe imigomo emibili enesikhathi esiyizinyanga ezi-1-2. Ukubuyiselwa kabusha kwenziwa ngonyaka olandelayo, bese kuthi njalo eminyakeni emi-3. |
| Ungayithola kanjani i-encephalitis noma isifo se-lyme | Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho uya ehlathini, uhamba epaki. Gqoka izingubo ezinemibala ekhanyayo ene-hood evala ubuso bomzimba, faka ibhulukwe ebhuthini, sebenzisa izixosha i-aerosol, zihlole wena nabangane bakho kaningi, hlola ngokucophelela izingubo nomzimba lapho ubuya. |
Ngaphambilini